World of Science: English Vocabulary List

a field of science that deals with the chemistry of organisms

"Biochemistry is a hard subject."

"Biochemistry is the study of the chemical processes that happen inside living organisms and cells."

relating to the science that explores living organisms and their functions

"It is a biological study."

"The professor's research focused on the complex biological processes that allow deep-sea creatures to survive extreme pressures."

made by humans rather than occurring naturally in nature

"The flower is artificial."

"The artificial flower looked so real that I tried to smell it before realizing it was made of plastic."

(microbiology) single-celled microorganisms that can be found in various environments, including soil, water, and living organisms, and can be beneficial, harmful, or neutral

"Some bacteria can make us sick."

"Not all bacteria are harmful; in fact, many types of bacteria in our digestive system are essential for good health."

(biochemistry) a chemical substance that carries the genetic information, which is present in every cell and some viruses

"DNA carries genetic information."

"DNA contains the genetic instructions that all living organisms need to develop and function properly."

the branch of biology that deals with how individual features and different characteristics are passed through genes

"Genetics explains how traits pass down."

"Modern genetics has unlocked the mysteries of heredity and gene expression mechanisms."

the smallest structure of a substance consisting of a group of atoms

"A molecule is very very small."

"A single molecule of water contains two hydrogen and one oxygen atom."

the temperature at which a liquid starts boiling

"Water reaches its boiling point at one hundred degrees Celsius."

"Water reaches its boiling point at one hundred degrees Celsius under normal atmospheric pressure."

the temperature at which liquid becomes solid

"Ice forms at freezing point."

"The freezing point of the liquid was lower than expected."

energy transmitted through space or matter in the form of waves or particles

"Sunlight includes radiation."

"Radiation levels were monitored closely after the laboratory alarm sounded."

a field of engineering that deals with the design, construction, and repair of buildings, bridges, roads, etc.

"Civil engineering builds bridges."

"Civil engineering is responsible for the infrastructure that supports modern urban life, like bridges and highways."

a machine or device that detects any changes in the environment and sends the information to other electronic devices

"The motion sensor detected movement and turned on the light."

"A charge-coupled device is a type of light sensor found in a digital camera"

the effect of sunlight, wind, or rain, on rocks that makes them change color or appearance

"Weathering changes rocks."

"The constant weathering by wind and rain slowly eroded the ancient stone monument."

a living thing, such as a tree, human, animal, etc.

"Every being needs care."

"Every living being depends on a stable environment to survive and grow."

(biology) a series of transformations and events that happen in an animal or plant's lifetime

"The cycle repeated again."

"The butterfly undergoes a complete metamorphosis during its life cycle."

(biology) to change gradually and over generations into forms that are better adapted to the environment and fitter to survive

"Animals evolve over time."

"Over millions of years, species evolve to better adapt to their environmental pressures and challenges."

(chemistry) a substance that its molecules consist of two or more elements that are held together by a chemical bond

"Water is a compound."

"Sodium chloride, a common table salt, is a chemical compound formed from sodium and chlorine atoms."

a substance that is composed of only one type of atom, typically characterized by specific physical and chemical properties

"Gold is a precious element."

"Oxygen is a vital element for all known forms of life."

a physical substance that occupies space and exists in every material in the universe

"Water is a liquid matter."

"Scientists are trying to understand the fundamental nature of matter and its constituent particles."

a solid, naturally occurring substance with a specific chemical composition, typically found in the earth's crust, such as gold, copper, etc.

"Quartz is a mineral."

"A balanced diet should include essential vitamins and mineral nutrients that the body cannot produce on its own."

a mixture of different liquids

"The solution is clear."

"A homogeneous solution is formed when salt dissolves completely in water."

to help something progress or succeed

"We will advance the project."

"The new funding will significantly advance the research and development of this groundbreaking technology."

to take in energy, liquid, etc.

"The sponge will absorb water."

"This special material is designed to absorb excess moisture and prevent mold growth."

(physics) to make a substance radioactive

"We can activate it."

"Scientists carefully use a neutron beam to activate the sample, making it emit detectable radiation."

to produce energy, such as heat, electricity, etc.

"The turbine generates electricity for homes."

"The solar panels generate enough electricity to power the entire house during the sunny summer months."

the manufacture of goods using raw materials, particularly in factories

"The industry makes cars."

"The manufacturing industry plays a crucial role in the nation's economy, producing a wide range of goods."

the complete circle through which an electric current flows, typically consists of the source of electric energy

"The circuit is broken."

"The technician checked the circuit and replaced the damaged component."

(physics) the space or area within which the effect of a particular force exists

"The magnetic field is strong."

"The gravitational field extends throughout the solar system, influencing the orbits of planets and asteroids."

a long and thin piece of metal that carries an electric current

"The wire is too thin."

"A copper wire connected the battery to the small motor."

a wire that carries electrical current and has the potential to cause electric shock or injury if touched

"Do not touch live wire."

"The electrician warned us that the live wire could cause a serious shock."

a natural process involving a change in position or orientation of an object

"The ball is in motion."

"The camera captured every motion of the dancer on stage."

to carefully check the quality, activity, or changes of something or someone for a period of time

"Please monitor the patient."

"The team will closely monitor the patient's vital signs throughout the recovery process."

a machine that converts any form of energy into mechanical energy

"The motor is running well."

"The motor powers the machine and keeps production moving smoothly."

the number of times something changes or happens during a specific period of time

"The crime rate has fallen significantly."

"An exchange rate is the value of one currency against another"

preventing a substance such as liquid from passing through

"The coat is impervious to water."

"The raincoat is impervious to water so you will stay dry even in a heavy downpour outside."