Politics: English Vocabulary List

able to do things as one wants without needing help from others

"My daughter is independent."

"The independent child learned to tie his own shoes and pack his own lunch without asking for help from his parents every single morning."

associated with the role or actions of a president, such as decisions, behaviors, or policies

"The candidate gave a presidential speech."

"The presidential candidate gave a speech about his plans to improve the economy and create more jobs."

the legislative body of the United States, consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives

"The Congress met today."

"Congress debated the new law for hours before reaching a decision."

a major political party in the UK favoring traditional values, economic liberalism, and gradual change rather than radical reform

"The Conservative Party won seats."

"The Conservative Party won the national election and formed a new government with a narrow majority in parliament."

the youngest political party in the US which has conservative beliefs and is against the high power of central government

"The Republican Party met today."

"The Republican Party discussed its strategy for the next election."

the oldest political party in the US which believes in social equality by helping the poor in different ways, etc.

"The Democratic Party met today."

"The Democratic Party announced a new policy proposal."

a British political party which favors the welfare of workers and the poor

"The Labor Party won the election."

"The Labor Party focused on workers' rights and public services."

to formally discuss a matter, usually in a structured setting

"The politicians will debate tonight."

"The two political candidates will debate important issues such as healthcare education and climate change on live television tonight."

a form of government where power is concentrated in the hands of a single individual or a small group, often with absolute authority, without the consent of the people

"Dictatorship is dangerous."

"The country suffered under a brutal dictatorship for decades before the citizens finally rose up and overthrew the oppressive regime."

a system of government or a country or state that is ruled by a king or queen

"The monarchy has a queen."

"An absolute monarchy is a form of government where a single ruler"

one of a series of rights that every human being must have

"Human rights matter."

"Human rights protect people from unfair treatment and abuse."

a country considered as a group of people that share the same history, language, etc., and are ruled by the same government

"The nation voted."

"The nation celebrated after the long holiday weekend."

a person who speaks formally for an organization, government, etc.

"A spokesperson for the company gave a statement to the waiting reporters."

"A spokesperson is an individual chosen to speak publicly on behalf of an organization"

formal discussion intended to reach an agreement

"Negotiation is difficult."

"The negotiation between the union and the management lasted for twelve hours before they finally reached an agreement on wages and working conditions."

a set of ideas or a plan of action that has been chosen officially by a group of people, an organization, a political party, etc.

"The new policy will be announced."

"An accommodative monetary policy is a central banking strategy of lowering interest rates and increasing the money supply to stimulate economic growth during a slowdown."

the period of time during which a president is in power

"His presidency was long."

"The nation reflected on the significant achievements and challenges during the former president's eight-year presidency."

to participate in an election as a candidate

"She runs for political office this year."

"The young politician announced that she would run for mayor in the upcoming local election next spring."

the process or action of choosing someone during an election

"Voting is important."

"Voting lets people choose their leaders."

a severe and often sudden enforcement of law or regulations, typically to suppress or control specific activities, behaviors, or groups perceived as problematic or threatening

"The crackdown was harsh."

"The crackdown targeted illegal activity in the city."

the action of controlling people by means of force or violence

"Repression causes fear."

"Repression can silence people who want change."

the head of government in parliamentary democracies, who is responsible for leading the government and making important decisions on policies and law-making

"The prime minister gave a speech."

"The prime minister met with leaders to discuss the budget."

a US federal agency responsible for protecting the country from various threats, including terrorism, border security, immigration, and cybersecurity

"He works for the Department of Homeland Security."

"The Department of Homeland Security is responsible for keeping the country safe from threats and dangers."

to cause someone to make a poor decision by providing them with incorrect guidance or misleading information

"Bad friends can lead you astray."

"The older children tried to lead the younger ones astray but the teacher stopped them immediately."

the upper chamber of the United States Congress, responsible for lawmaking, oversight, and approval of appointments

"The Senate voted on the bill."

"The Senate debated the issue late into the night."

relating to activities, issues, or affairs within a particular country

"Domestic flights are cheaper."

"The government is focusing on improving domestic infrastructure and services for its citizens."

relating to the central government of a country rather than the local or regional governments

"This is a federal law."

"The federal government is responsible for national defense and immigration laws in the United States."

(of a country, state, etc.) function without being controlled or influenced by others

"The country is independent now."

"After years of struggle, the nation finally became fully independent."

holding a position of authority or responsibility within an organization or government

"He is an official."

"The official announcement confirmed the new policy changes."

the fundamental change of power, government, etc. in a country by people, particularly involving violence

"The revolution changed history."

"The revolution overthrew the old system and created a new political order."

involved in or characteristic of a revolution

"The revolutionary leader spoke."

"The revolutionary invention changed the way people communicate and brought the world closer together."

a formal meeting of representatives from various regions within a country to discuss and make decisions on national issues

"The congress met today."

"The national congress convened to debate the pressing economic issues."

a person who aligns with or supports the principles and policies traditionally associated with conservative political ideologies

"He is a conservative."

"Her conservative views made her prefer slow change."

someone who supports social equality, healthcare reform, environmental protection, and a more active role for government in addressing social issues

"She is a democrat."

"The democrat ran for office on a platform of expanding healthcare access and increasing funding for public schools and universities."

to support someone or something

"I back your idea."

"The community members decided to back the proposal for a new park in their neighborhood."

to officially have the control and authority to rule over a country and manage its affairs

"The president governs the country."

"It is very difficult to govern a large and diverse country because different regions often have very different needs and priorities and opinions."

a special way or system of controlling a country, state, etc.

"The government is strong."

"This new government aims to improve public services and economic stability."

a belief or ideology that supports governance by the people, emphasizing equal participation in the political process

"Democracy is important."

"She passionately advocates for democracy and the right to self-determination."

a nation or state that its ruler is a king or queen

"The kingdom was peaceful."

"The kingdom had a strong ruler and a long history."

the state of being free from the control of others

"Independence is valuable."

"Independence gave the country control over its own future."

to secretly make a plan to harm someone or do something illegal

"They plot to take over the company."

"The criminals met in secret to plot how they would rob the bank without getting caught by the police."

a country under the control of one government

"This is a new state."

"The newly formed state quickly established its own governing institutions."

the greater number of votes by which a candidate or party wins an election

"The majority agreed."

"The candidate won the election by a significant majority of the votes cast."

the person who is the head of a specific department within the government, responsible for managing policies, operations, and administration related to that department

"The minister spoke clearly."

"The foreign minister traveled to the neighboring country to negotiate a peace treaty and discuss trade agreements between the two nations."

the person who is the head of a US government department

"The secretary spoke."

"The secretary of state addressed the international delegation on foreign policy matters."

the main political party opposed to the government

"The opposition criticized the plan."

"The leader of the opposition party vowed to challenge the government's proposed tax increases vigorously."

the position of a member in a committee, parliament, etc.

"He has a seat."

"With the recent election, she secured a prestigious seat on the committee."

a geographic area belonging to or ruled by a government or authority

"This is their territory."

"The military patrol secured the disputed territory against further incursions."

to discuss the terms of an agreement or try to reach one

"The union will negotiate a contract."

"The union representatives will negotiate with management to secure better wages and working conditions for all employees."

a secret plan by a group to commit an unlawful, harmful, or treacherous act

"The conspiracy was hard to believe."

"Conspiracy of silence is a secret agreement between people to keep quiet about a crime or a shameful event for their own mutual protection and benefit."