Test 1 - Reading - Passage 2 · Cambridge IELTS Academic 15 Vocabulary List

related to the design, development, and maintenance of cars and other vehicles

"The industry is automotive."

"The automotive industry has undergone a major transformation with the shift toward electric vehicles and autonomous driving technology."

the use of machines and computers in a production process that was formerly operated by people

"Automation uses machines now."

"Robotic process automation has significantly reduced the time needed to handle customer requests."

the level to which something or someone can be counted on

"The car is known for its reliability."

"The reliability of the data was questioned because the collection methods were not properly documented."

someone or something's role in achieving a specific result, particularly a positive one

"Her contribution helped the team."

"Her significant contribution was instrumental in achieving the project's successful completion ahead of schedule."

a reason or purpose behind someone's actions or behavior

"The detective searches for a motive."

"The detective tried to determine the killer's motive by interviewing family members and friends."

the rate or frequency at which something happens or occurs

"The incidence of crime increased."

"The incidence of the disease has fallen dramatically since the vaccine was introduced nationwide."

to interact and spend time with people

"Teens socialize through social media."

"Many people use social media platforms to socialize with friends and family who live far away from them."

an organization focused on a specific field of study or training, offering programs and services related to science, technology, medicine, business, or the arts

"The research institute receives government funding."

"The research institute employed over five hundred scientists studying climate change and renewable energy."

distance measured in miles

"What is the mileage?"

"The car's impressive mileage means it can travel long distances on a single tank of fuel."

in a highly thorough, detailed, or forceful manner

"He studied intensively."

"The medical student studied intensively for three weeks before the board exam and she passed with the highest score in her class."

a person, company, or organization that offers goods or services to customers

"He is a provider."

"He is the sole provider for his family and works two jobs to make ends meet."

a middle state between two opposing situations that is reached by slightly changing both of them, so that they can coexist

"They reached a compromise after hours of negotiation."

"The two political parties had to reach a compromise to pass the new law through parliament."

describing a state or condition in which a space or property is not being used, inhabited, or occupied by individuals

"The seat is unoccupied."

"The seat is unoccupied so you can sit there if you want to move away from the window."

made or designed for a specific function

"He has specialized knowledge."

"The specialized medical equipment can only be operated by trained professionals because it is very complex and dangerous to use incorrectly."

creating and enforcing rules or regulations to control or govern a particular activity or industry

"The agency is regulatory."

"The regulatory agency fined the bank for violating consumer protection laws and ordered it to change its business practices immediately."

the state of being legally obliged and responsible

"He has liability."

"The company acknowledged its liability for the damages caused by the faulty product and agreed to compensate the customers."

the action of making people obey a law or regulation

"Strict enforcement reduced illegal parking downtown"

"Law enforcement agencies worked together to arrest the members of the drug cartel."

related to or characteristic of society and its members as a whole

"The norm is societal."

"The societal pressure to be thin causes many young people to develop eating disorders and body image issues."

focused or directed toward a specific goal, objective, or audience

"The campaign is targeted."

"The marketing campaign was highly targeted, ensuring that advertisements reached the most relevant consumer demographic."

an artificial environment generated by a computer that makes the user think what they are seeing or hearing is real, by using a special headphone and a helmet that displays the generated environment

"Virtual reality can be used for realistic training simulations."

"A cave automatic virtual environment is an immersive virtual reality space where projectors are directed to three"

a judgment or calculation of the size, extent, value, etc. of something without knowing the exact details or numbers

"Give an estimate."

"They gave an estimate for the repairs."

large in quantity, extent, or degree

"The damage is considerable."

"The project required a considerable amount of time and money but the results were worth the investment."

the physical and organizational assets, such as roads, bridges, utilities, and public services, that support economic activity and daily life

"The government plans to invest heavily in new infrastructure."

"A country's infrastructure includes its physical systems like roads"

technology that allows people to control devices or join events from a distance by creating a realistic virtual experience

"The surgeon uses telepresence to operate remotely."

"The surgeon uses telepresence to operate remotely and controls robotic arms from another city."

the ability to move easily or be freely moved from one place, job, etc. to another

"The knee injury limits his mobility."

"The knee injury limits his mobility and he cannot run or jump until it heals completely."

a possible consequence that something can bring about

"The implication was clear."

"The implication of the new policy is that many employees will lose their jobs."

to adjust oneself to fit into a new environment or situation

"Animals adapt to their environment."

"Animals must adapt quickly to changing environmental conditions if they want to survive in the wild."

the act of implementing (providing a practical means for accomplishing something); carrying into effect

"The implementation is key."

"Successful implementation of the new software system required extensive training and careful planning by all departments."

the ability to change or adjust easily or quickly to different conditions and situations

"Her flexibility allows her to do yoga easily."

"Her flexibility allows her to do yoga easily and she can touch her toes without bending her knees."

a person or thing that is a resource that helps make something easier or possible to do

"She needs assistance."

"The experienced mentor provided invaluable assistance to the young entrepreneur, guiding her through the initial stages."

to gradually increase in speed, strength, or intensity

"The wind will gather."

"As the storm approached, the wind began to gather speed and intensity, whipping the trees violently."

to refer to something as an example or proof

"Cite your sources in the bibliography."

"You must cite your sources correctly in your research paper to avoid accusations of plagiarism."

to show clearly that something is true or exists by providing proof or evidence

"The teacher will demonstrate the experiment."

"The technician will demonstrate how to operate the new machine safely during the training session tomorrow morning."

an accident that occurs when two or more objects, often in motion, come into violent contact with each other, resulting in damage or destruction

"The collision damaged both cars."

"The terrible collision between the car and the truck occurred at the intersection because one driver ran a red light."

the result obtained when one quantity considered in relation to the whole

"What is the proportion?"

"The proportion of students who passed the exam was significantly higher than in previous years."

to examine something scientifically, typically to discover facts or evidence

"We must investigate this."

"The detectives will investigate the mysterious disappearance of the valuable artifact."

the practice of making something on a smaller scale

"This is a modeling."

"The architect's detailed modeling of the proposed building helped clients visualize the final structure."

to make something happen

"The news will prompt action."

"His insightful question managed to prompt a lengthy and detailed explanation from the speaker."

to be likely to develop or occur in a certain way because that is the usual pattern

"She tends to arrive late daily."

"Young children tend to imitate the behavior of their parents and other adults around them."

to increase or enhance the amount, level, or intensity of something

"This drink will boost your energy."

"Drinking coffee can temporarily boost your energy levels and help you stay focused during work."

significantly better or greater than what is typical or expected

"Her talent is exceptional."

"The exceptional student graduated at the top of her class and received scholarship offers from several prestigious universities."

a difficulty or problem that must be overcome in order to achieve something

"Overcome every hurdle."

"Learning a new language is difficult but the biggest hurdle is often fear of making mistakes."

to succeed in solving, controlling, or dealing with something difficult

"He must overcome his fear of heights."

"She managed to overcome her fear of public speaking by practicing regularly and joining a supportive group."

without end or limits in extent, amount, or space

"An infinite number exists."

"The universe is infinite and human beings will never be able to explore all of its galaxies and planets."

to be faced with an unexpected difficulty during a process

"You may encounter some difficulties."

"You may encounter some difficulties while learning a new language but do not give up easily."

the activity of operating something (a machine or business etc.)

"The store's operation is efficient."

"The successful operation of the complex machinery requires highly skilled technicians."

to think about a problem or an issue and start to deal with it

"We must address this."

"The government needs to address the housing crisis by building more affordable homes for young families."

remaining strong and effective even when facing challenges or difficulties

"The system is robust."

"The system is robust and can handle many users without crashing or slowing down."

to overcome a challenge or obstacle

"The army tried to conquer the city."

"The ancient Romans managed to conquer vast territories across Europe and parts of Africa and Asia."

the mental connection or link between ideas, memories, or images

"It's a good association."

"The strong association between the brand and quality made it a household name."

according to facts instead of opinions

"We need concrete evidence."

"We need concrete evidence to prove that he committed the crime beyond a reasonable doubt."

absolutely necessary and of great importance

"Water is vital."

"Clean drinking water is vital for human survival and access to it should be considered a basic human right."

a symbol that represents any number between 0 and 9

"Write the figure 5."

"She carefully wrote down each figure on the paper, ensuring that the numbers were clear and easy to read."

an organized and carefully planned course of action

"It is a clever scheme."

"The intricate scheme was designed to outwit their competitors and secure market dominance."

in regard to what someone has said or written

"According to the teacher we have homework."

"According to the weather forecast it will rain tomorrow so bring an umbrella."

a change in water, air, etc. that makes it harmful or dangerous

"Factory pollution harms the environment."

"Air pollution in major cities causes thousands of premature deaths each year according to reports from the World Health Organization and other international agencies."

the process or period of changing from one state, place, or condition to another

"It is a big transition."

"The company is undergoing a major transition from traditional manufacturing to advanced digital technologies."

generally accepted and followed by many people

"He has conventional views."

"The conventional oven cooks food by surrounding it with hot air but the new microwave oven uses electromagnetic waves to heat food much faster."

to make up for losses or deficiencies by providing something of equal value or benefit

"We compensate them."

"The company will compensate the employees for their overtime work with extra pay."

no longer employed because there is no more work available or the position is no longer necessary

"My job is redundant."

"Due to automation, his position became redundant, necessitating a career change."

the speed at which products in a store are sold and replaced within a time frame

"The store has high turnover."

"A high turnover of merchandise indicates strong consumer demand and efficient inventory management."

a broad or comprehensive mental perspective or view

"A broad landscape."

"From the mountaintop, we had a panoramic landscape of the entire valley below."

completely or partial inability to use a part of one's body or mind, caused by an illness, injury, etc.

"He is disabled but independent."

"The disabled parking space is reserved for people who have difficulty walking and need to park close to the entrance of the building."

the capacity to act independently and make decisions without undue influence

"She has autonomy."

"The region was granted greater autonomy to manage its own internal affairs and resources."

the willingness to take action and start new things without being prompted or directed

"She took real initiative."

"She took the initiative to organize a charity event for children in need last summer."

having the ability to be executed or done successfully

"The plan is viable."

"The startup needs a viable business plan before investors will give them any money."