Test 3 - Listening - Part 4 · Cambridge IELTS Academic 15 Vocabulary List

diligence in keeping clean

"The restaurant is known for its cleanliness."

"The restaurant is known for its cleanliness and the kitchen is inspected daily by the health department."

relating or belonging to the time before history was recorded

"The cave is prehistoric."

"The prehistoric cave paintings were created thousands of years ago and they show animals that no longer live in that region."

acting like an antiseptic

"The mask is cleansing."

"The natural ingredients in the facial mask have a powerful cleansing effect on the skin, removing impurities."

marking the years before Christ's supposed birth

"The pyramids were built before Christ."

"The pyramids were built before Christ was born so they are over four thousand years old now."

(geometry) a solid or hollow shape with two circular bases at each end and straight parallel sides

"A cylinder has two bases."

"The engineer designed a hollow cylinder with a specific radius and height for the structural component."

words, letters, or symbols that are engraved, carved, or written on a surface, often for commemorative, informational, or decorative purposes

"Ancient stone inscription."

"Archaeologists discovered an ancient inscription carved on a stone that revealed important historical information."

to wash or clean the body by putting it in water or pouring water over it

"She bathes her dog every Sunday."

"After a long day of strenuous activity, he decided to bathe in the warm, soothing waters of the hot tub."

used to convey that something seems to be true based on the available evidence or information

"Apparently he did not receive my message."

"Apparently he did not receive my message because his phone was turned off all day yesterday."

a volcanic stone that is used to rub and polish the skin in order to make it clean and smooth

"Pumice stone is used to smooth rough skin."

"Pumice stone is used to smooth rough skin and is often found floating in the ocean after volcanic eruptions."

to color someone's hair using a chemical

"She will tint her hair."

"She decided to tint her hair a subtle shade of auburn for the upcoming autumn season."

the black or brownish substance consisted of organic remains, rock particles, and clay that forms the upper layer of earth where trees or other plants grow

"Plants need good soil to grow."

"The farmer tested the pH level of the soil to determine which crops would grow best in that particular field."

a society that has developed its own culture and institutions in a particular period of time or place

"Ancient civilization thrived."

"The ancient Egyptian civilization lasted for thousands of years along the Nile River."

a channel or pipeline used to transport water over a long distance, usually from a remote source to a town or city

"Ancient Roman aqueduct."

"The ancient Roman aqueduct carried fresh water from the mountains to the city many kilometers away."

extremely comfortable, elegant, and often made with high-quality materials or features

"The hotel is luxurious."

"The luxurious hotel suite had a king sized bed a marble bathroom and a stunning view of the ocean."

used to refer to a date that is after the birth of Jesus Christ

"Anno Domini means after Christ."

"The anno Domini calendar starts from the birth of Jesus and is used widely around the world today."

having properties or qualities suitable for treating or curing illnesses or promoting health

"The herb is medicinal."

"The medicinal herbs were used by the tribe to treat fevers and infections for hundreds of years."

any substance that is dirty, disgusting, or unpleasant

"The river was full of filth."

"The house was filled with filth and garbage because the owner had neglected it for years."

not sanitary or healthful

"The conditions are unsanitary."

"The unsanitary conditions in the kitchen caused the restaurant to be shut down by the health department for several weeks."

the unexpected start of something terrible, such as a disease

"The outbreak spread quickly"

"The outbreak spread quickly through the city overwhelming hospitals and health services"

an era in European history, between about AD 1000 and AD 1500, when the authority of kings, people of high rank, and the Christian Church was unquestionable

"Knights lived in Middle Ages."

"Castles and cathedrals are iconic architectural remnants from the period known as the Middle Ages."

the epidemic form of bubonic plague experienced during the Middle Ages when it killed nearly half the people of western Europe

"The Black Death killed millions in medieval Europe."

"The Black Death killed millions in medieval Europe and changed the course of history forever."

a practice requiring experience and skill, in which objects are made with one's hands

"She loves making craft items."

"Learning a traditional craft like pottery requires a lot of patience, practice, and dedication over many years."

washing clothes and bed linens

"The laundering is done."

"The weekly task of laundering all the family's clothes and linens was a time-consuming but necessary chore."

a sodium salt of carbonic acid; used in making soap powders and glass and paper

"Soda ash is used in glass manufacturing."

"Soda ash is used in glass manufacturing and is also added to swimming pools to adjust pH levels."

any water-soluble compound that can turn litmus blue and reacts with an acid to form a salt and water

"Baking soda is a mild alkali."

"An alkali is a soluble base that releases hydroxide ions in water"

a sweet syrupy trihydroxy alcohol obtained by saponification of fats and oils

"Glycerine is a common ingredient in soap."

"Glycerine is a common ingredient in soap and is also used in some food products as a sweetener."

a type of acid that is found in nuts, fish, some fruits, etc.

"Omega-3 fatty acids are heart-healthy."

"Fatty acids are building blocks of fat that the body needs for energy and cell growth."

to produce products in large quantities by using machinery

"The factory manufactures car parts."

"The factory was built to manufacture car parts for several major automotive companies around the world on a large scale."

to think of someone or something in a particular way

"I regard him as a friend."

"Many people regard him as the best doctor in the city because he has saved countless lives."

to impose a financial charge by the government on income, goods, services, or properties to generate revenue for public services and functions

"The government taxes cigarettes heavily."

"The government plans to tax sugary drinks to discourage unhealthy consumption and raise revenue for health programs."

the period from about ten years before to ten years after a new century

"The turn of the century brought many new technologies."

"The turn of the century brought many new technologies like the automobile and the airplane."

to clean something quickly with water, often without using soap, in order to remove dirt or other substances

"Rinse the fruit carefully."

"Please rinse the vegetables thoroughly under cold running water to remove any residual pesticides."

a grey powder that is produced as a result of a substance getting burned

"Cigarette ash fell onto the clean carpet."

"Volcanic ash can spread for thousands of miles"

a mention or citation of something, often to provide context or support for an idea

"This is a reference to the book."

"The author made a direct reference to a previous study to support her argument."

relating to the enjoyment or appreciation of beauty or art, especially visual art

"The painting has aesthetic value."

"The architect focused on creating a harmonious and pleasing aesthetic for the new public library."

a large solid piece of material that is square or rectangular in shape and has flat sides

"The block was heavy."

"He carefully carved a detailed sculpture from a large block of marble."

to apply oil, ointment, or a similar substance in a religious or ceremonial act

"They will anoint him."

"The ancient ritual required the new king to be anointed with sacred oil by the high priest."

to remove a thin layer or small amount of something from a surface using a sharp or rough edge

"Scrape the paint off the wall."

"The painter needed to scrape the old peeling paint off the wall before applying a new coat."

a device or tool that requires specific knowledge on how to be used

"The violin is a beautiful instrument."

"The surgeon carefully placed the delicate instrument back on the sterile tray after the operation."

a small and narrow river that runs on or under the earth

"A small stream flowed."

"The gentle stream meandered through the lush green meadow, teeming with life."

to acknowledge someone as the source, agent, or possessor of an action, achievement, or quality

"We credit him with success."

"The entire team will credit her with the groundbreaking discovery that changed the field."

an old story that is sometimes considered historical although it is not usually proved to be true

"Ancient legend says."

"The ancient legend says that a brave hero saved his people from great danger long ago."

to kill an animal or person as a religious act

"They sacrifice an animal."

"Ancient cultures would often sacrifice animals to appease their gods during important ceremonies."

a layer of matter that has been accumulated, particularly by a body of water

"River deposit formed the land."

"Geologists studied the thick deposit of sediment left behind by the ancient river."

to move towards a goal or desired outcome

"We will advance towards the goal."

"The company's innovative strategies allowed them to advance rapidly in the competitive market."

widely acknowledged as valid or customary

"The rule is established."

"The established procedure for handling complaints required the manager to respond within twenty four hours."

a scientist who studies chemistry

"The chemist studied samples."

"The chemist analyzed the substance in the laboratory and recorded the results with great precision."

to officially grant legal rights for an invention, innovation, or process

"They will patent the idea."

"The inventor sought to patent his revolutionary new technology to protect his intellectual property rights."

a consistent method, system, or way of doing something

"Trust is the basis of a strong friendship."

"Trust is the basis of a strong friendship and without it relationships cannot survive for long."

with little difficulty or trouble

"She readily agreed to help."

"She readily agreed to help because she is always kind and generous with her time and resources."

a thing that is essential or required for basic living or functioning

"Water is a necessity."

"Access to clean drinking water is a fundamental necessity for human survival and public health."

to enhance or make something more effective by providing additional resources, encouragement, or positive feedback

"The steel frame reinforces the building."

"The steel beams are designed to reinforce the concrete structure and make it strong enough to withstand earthquakes."

having a gentle or not very strong effect

"The illness was mild."

"This particular strain of the virus causes only a mild illness."

the act of digging

"The excavation was deep."

"Archaeologists began the careful excavation of the ancient ruins hoping to uncover historical artifacts."