Mathematics and Measurement: English Vocabulary List

the standard unit for measuring electrical power corresponding to the rate of energy consumption in an electric circuit, equal to one joule per second

"One hundred watt bulb."

"The light bulb uses one hundred watt of electricity when it is turned on brightly."

the standard unit of electromotive force, which measures the strength of an electrical current that is sent around an electrical system

"Two hundred volt power."

"The electrical appliance works with two hundred volt power supply from the wall socket safely."

a unit for measuring the speed of an engine, a computer hard drive, etc.

"High rpm engine."

"The engine runs at high rpm when the car accelerates quickly on the highway."

a unit to measure the purity of gold, the purest gold being 24 karats

"24 karat gold."

"This ring is made of 18 karat gold."

a unit of volume used in the United States to measure liquids, equal to approximately 29.5735 milliliters

"One fluid ounce small."

"One fluid ounce is a small unit of volume used in cooking and medicine recipes."

a unit that is used in measurement of the frequency of sound and radio waves

"Sound is measured in hertz."

"The radio station broadcasts at a frequency of ninety-five megahertz."

a unit for measuring an engine's power

"This engine produces impressive horsepower for racing"

"The car's engine produces three hundred horsepower allowing it to accelerate from zero rapidly."

a measure equal to 16 fluid ounces, often used for measuring liquids such as beer or milk

"He ordered a pint of cold beer at the old pub."

"A pint is an imperial unit of volume equal to approximately 568 milliliters"

a number that produces a particular number when multiplied by itself

"Find square root number."

"We need to find the square root of sixteen to solve this mathematics problem correctly now."

a flexible measuring tool consisting of a long strip of metal, cloth, or plastic with measurement markings, used to measure lengths and distances accurately

"Measure the length."

"He extended the tape measure across the length of the wall and noted that it was exactly twelve feet from corner to corner."

the branch of mathematics that comprises differentials and integrals

"Calculus is advanced mathematics with limits."

"Calculus is the mathematical study of continuous change"

the number below the line in a fraction that shows how many parts the numerator divides into

"Common denominator found."

"We find a common denominator to add fractions with different denominators easily in mathematics."

Fractional number above the line

"Numerator is top number."

"The numerator is the top number in a fraction and shows how many parts we have."

(mathematics) a number divisible by all the numbers that are below the line in a set of fractions

"Find common denominator."

"We find a common denominator to add or subtract fractions with different denominators."

(mathematics) an interdisciplinary theory about complex systems that obey particular laws but appear to have little or no order

"Chaos theory studies unpredictable systems like weather."

"Chaos theory studies how tiny changes in initial conditions can lead to vastly different outcomes over time."

a branch of mathematics that studies the strategies of dealing with competitive situations involving conflict of interests, especially in business, war, etc.

"Use game theory."

"Economists use game theory to predict how people make decisions in competitive situations."

any set of numbers that represents an exact position on a map or graph

"Find the coordinate point."

"The GPS system uses a coordinate system to pinpoint your exact location on Earth."

a number greater than 1 with only two devisors which can be itself or 1

"Seven is a classic prime number."

"Cryptography relies on the difficulty of factoring very large prime numbers to secure data."

a number indicating the quantity and not order

"Cardinal number counts."

"The cardinal number seven indicates quantity rather than position in a sequence."

a number incapable of being expressed as a ratio of two integers

"Pi is irrational number."

"Pi is a famous irrational number that cannot be expressed as a simple fraction."

a number that can be written as a fraction, where both the top and bottom are whole numbers, and the bottom is not zero

"One half is a rational number."

"A rational number can be expressed as a fraction where both the numerator and the denominator are integers."

the total length of the external boundary of something

"The guards walked along the perimeter of the army base."

"A perimeter is the continuous boundary line enclosing a defined area"

(mathematics) the ratio of the length of the side opposite the given angle to the length of the hypotenuse

"Sine function studied."

"We study sine function in trigonometry to understand relationships in triangles and circles."

(mathematics) the ratio of the adjacent side to the hypotenuse

"Cosine value calculated."

"The cosine value helps us calculate angles and sides in right triangles accurately."

the ratio of the side adjacent to a particular acute angle to the side opposite the angle, in a right-angled triangle

"Cotangent ratio used."

"Cotangent is one of the important trigonometric ratios used in mathematics problems."

a unit of measurement used to determine the speed or velocity of something

"Speed foot per second."

"The car was moving at fifty foot per second when the accident happened suddenly yesterday."

the unit of electric current, symbolized as "A" in the International System of Units

"One ampere is a unit of electric current."

"The electrical circuit carries a current of fifteen amperes which is enough to power several appliances."

a unit of measurement used to express speed or velocity in the metric system, representing the distance traveled in kilometers over the course of one hour

"Speed kilometers per hour."

"The train travels at two hundred kilometers per hour on the new high-speed railway line."

a metric unit equal to 1/100th of a liter

"One centiliter volume."

"One centiliter is a small unit of volume equal to one hundredth of a liter."

a temperature scale where 0°C represents the freezing point and 100°C represents the boiling point of water at standard atmospheric pressure

"Thirty degree Celsius hot."

"The temperature reached thirty degree Celsius yesterday which was very hot for this time of year."

the result of multiplying a number by itself three times

"Three is the cube of three."

"The cube of a number is found by multiplying it by itself three times."

the second exponent of any given number produced when multiplied by itself

"This is a square."

"The number five raised to the square represents its value multiplied by itself."

(mathematics) a quantity that is capable of assuming different values in a calculation

"Age was the main variable in our research study."

"A control variable is intentionally kept constant throughout an experiment so that it does not influence the results."

a group of numbers, mathematical symbols or values, arranged in columns and rows

"An array of numbers."

"The scientist used a large array of sensors to collect data from the experiment."

the central point or line around which an object turns

"The earth spins on its axis."

"The planet's rotation on its axis is responsible for the cycle of day and night experienced by its inhabitants."

the rate at which a quantity or dimension changes over a given distance or interval

"The car could not climb the steep gradient of the hill."

"A pressure gradient is the rate of change in atmospheric pressure over a certain distance"

(mathematics) the average value of a set of quantities calculated by adding them, and dividing them by the total number of the quantities

"Calculate the mean score."

"The mean score for the class on the exam was 85%, indicating a generally good understanding of the material."

(mathematics) the ratio of the opposite to the adjacent side of a triangle that has one angle of 90°

"A tangent is a ratio."

"In trigonometry, the tangent of an angle in a right triangle is defined as the ratio of the opposite side to the adjacent side."

a unit for measuring weight equal to 16 ounces or 0.454 kilograms

"A pound is a unit of weight equal to 16 ounces."

"The package weighs about five pounds and will cost ten dollars to ship by air mail."