Human Anatomy: English Vocabulary List

(anatomy) the membranous tube in the body that carries air from the throat to the bronchi

"The trachea carries air."

"The trachea is also called the windpipe."

(anatomy) the act or process of breathing

"Respiration provides oxygen."

"Respiration is the process of breathing and producing energy."

(anatomy) the hollow organ in the throat that contains the vocal cords and provides an air passage to the lungs

"The larynx produces sound."

"The larynx is commonly known as the voice box."

the liquid produced in the mouth to make chewing and swallowing easier and to prepare food for digestion

"Saliva helps digestion."

"The smell of food caused his mouth to fill with saliva as his digestive system prepared for eating."

any of the group of sensory cells that are mainly on the tongue, making one recognize different tastes

"Taste buds detect flavor."

"Taste buds on the tongue help us enjoy food."

(anatomy) any of the eight narrow-edged teeth at the front of the mouth that are used for biting

"The incisor is sharp."

"Incisors are used for cutting food."

either of the two external openings of the nose that one breathes through

"The nostril is blocked."

"He breathed through his nostril carefully."

the thick mucus that is formed in the nasal and throat cavities, usually secreted in excessive amounts as a result of common cold

"He coughed up phlegm."

"Too much phlegm can indicate a respiratory infection."

the skin under one's hair, covering the head

"The scalp is sensitive."

"He scratched his dry scalp because it was itchy from the cold winter weather and lack of moisture in the heated air."

(anatomy) the outer layer of the anterior part of the brain, called cerebrum, containing gray matter

"The brain's cortex is complex."

"The cortex handles higher brain functions."

(anatomy) the sensory membrane at the back of the eye that transmits light signals to the brain through optic nerves

"The retina detects light in the eye."

"The retina is the light sensitive layer at the back of the eye that converts light into electrical signals which are then sent to the brain through the optic nerve to create visual images."

(anatomy) the transparent layer that covers the outside of the eyeball

"The cornea is transparent."

"The cornea helps focus light into the eye."

a thin piece of skin in the middle ear that vibrates by sound waves and enables one to hear sounds, also known as tympanic membrane

"The eardrum vibrates."

"A perforated eardrum can affect hearing."

a greenish-brown alkaline fluid that is produced by the liver in order to help the body digest fats

"Bile helps digestion."

"The liver produces bile to break down fats."

a sac-like organ inside the body where urine is stored before being passed

"The bladder is full."

"She needed to use the bathroom because her bladder was full."

an organ in the body that produces certain chemical substances to be used in the body or to be discharged into the surroundings

"The gland produces hormones for the body."

"The sweat gland produces perspiration that cools the body when it becomes too hot."

a large gland in the body that produces insulin and glucagon and substances that help the body digest food

"The pancreas produces insulin."

"The pancreas is both an endocrine and digestive organ."

(anatomy) an abdominal organ that controls the quality of the blood cells

"The spleen filters blood."

"The spleen helps fight certain infections."

(usually plural) the tube in the body through which digested food passes from the stomach to the anus

"Bowel movement important."

"Good bowel movement is important for healthy digestion and overall wellbeing every day."

(anatomy) the large round bone structure that the limbs and the spine are joined to, which also protects the abdominal organs

"The pelvis supports the body."

"The pelvis protects internal reproductive organs."

the part of the body of a woman or female mammal where the baby develops before birth

"Baby grew in womb."

"The baby developed safely in the mother's womb for nine months before being born healthy."

(anatomy) the narrow outer opening of the womb or uterus of a female

"The cervix is part of the uterus."

"Regular checks of the cervix are important for women’s health."

(anatomy) the organ in the female body where the fetus is conceived and grown before being born

"Uterus in female body."

"The uterus is the organ where a baby grows during pregnancy in women."

either of the two organs in women or female animals that produce eggs for reproduction

"Ovary released egg."

"The female ovary releases eggs during the menstrual cycle approximately once every twenty eight days."

(anatomy) the tube in most mammals that carries urine out of the body, which also carries sperm in males

"The urethra carries urine."

"The urethra is shorter in women than in men."

relating to the kidneys or their function

"He has renal issues."

"The patient's blood tests indicated a significant decline in renal function, requiring immediate medical intervention and specialized care."

relating to the intestines, which are part of the digestive system responsible for absorbing nutrients and removing waste from the body

"The infection is intestinal."

"The intestinal infection caused severe abdominal pain and diarrhea and the doctor prescribed antibiotics and recommended drinking plenty of fluids."

a blood protein produced to fight diseases or infections, or in response to foreign substances in the body

"An antibody helps fight infections."

"When a virus enters the body, the immune system produces a specific antibody to recognize and neutralize the threat."

the soft substance that fills the cavities of bones, which is either yellowish and consists of fat cells or reddish and makes blood cells

"Bone marrow produces blood cells."

"Bone marrow is found inside certain bones."

the hard white external layer that covers the crown of a tooth

"Tooth enamel is hard."

"Enamel protects the teeth from decay."

(anatomy) connected with the nose

"Nasal passage is blocked."

"He has a nasal voice because his nose is stuffed up from allergies and a cold."

an air-filled cavity, especially within the bones of the skull

"My sinus is blocked."

"Sinus problems often cause headaches and pressure."

(anatomy) a rounded part of an organ, such as, lungs or brain that seems to be separate in some way from the rest

"The brain has a lobe."

"The temporal lobe of the brain is primarily responsible for processing auditory information and memory formation."

(anatomy) the small round black area in the center of the eye, through which light enters

"The pupil is black."

"When exposed to bright light, the pupil of the eye constricts significantly."

(anatomy) the round colored portion of the eye around the pupil and behind the cornea

"The iris is colored."

"The vibrant color of her eyes was due to the unique pigmentation within her iris."

the body of an animal or human, except the limbs and head

"The trunk is big."

"Despite his muscular build, the wrestler's powerful trunk was disproportionately larger than his limbs."

the lower part of the body below the chest that contains the digestive and reproductive organs

"The abdomen hurts."

"The pain in his lower abdomen was so severe that he went to the emergency room to make sure his appendix was not inflamed."

(anatomy) the main part of the large intestine, between the caecum to the rectum, where water is removed from solid waste

"The colon removes water."

"Undigested food passes through the colon before excretion."

(anatomy) any of the four pointed teeth that are between the incisors and premolars, used for tearing food

"A dog has canine teeth."

"The sharp canine teeth of the wolf are ideal for tearing flesh efficiently."