The Immune System: English Vocabulary List

one of the many cells that protects the body against diseases

"A white blood cell fights infection."

"White blood cells are crucial for fighting infections because they attack harmful bacteria and viruses."

a blood protein produced to fight diseases or infections, or in response to foreign substances in the body

"An antibody helps fight infections."

"When a virus enters the body, the immune system produces a specific antibody to recognize and neutralize the threat."

any foreign substance in the body that can trigger a response from the immune system

"Antigen test used."

"The antigen test can detect the virus quickly and accurately in many cases during screening."

a type of white blood cell involved in allergic reactions and immune responses in the human body

"Basophil releases histamine during allergic reactions."

"Basophils are white blood cells that release histamine during allergic reactions and inflammatory responses."

a type of white blood cell involved in the immune response, responsible for recognizing and destroying foreign invaders in the body

"Lymphocytes fight infection and disease."

"Lymphocytes are white blood cells that recognize and attack specific pathogens and infected cells."

an immune cell that produces antibodies to help protect the body against infections

"B lymphocyte produces antibodies against pathogens."

"B lymphocytes produce antibodies that neutralize pathogens and mark them for destruction by other immune cells."

a type of white blood cell that plays a central role in the immune response by recognizing and attacking infected or abnormal cells

"T lymphocyte kills infected cells directly."

"T lymphocytes directly kill infected cells or help other immune cells respond to infection."

a type of immune cell that displays foreign antigens on its surface to activate other cells of the immune system, such as T cells and B cells, to mount an immune response against the pathogen

"The antigen-presenting cell activates immune responses."

"Antigen presenting cells display fragments of pathogens to activate other immune cells."

a small protein that regulates immune responses and cell communication in the human body

"Cytokines signal immune cells."

"Cytokines are signaling molecules of the immune system."

a type of white blood cell involved in immune responses and inflammation

"Monocyte becomes macrophage in tissues."

"Monocytes are white blood cells that mature into macrophages which engulf and digest pathogens and debris."

an immune cell that can respond more quickly and effectively to a pathogen upon re-exposure

"Memory B cell remembers past infections."

"Memory B cells remember past infections and produce antibodies quickly if the same pathogen reappears."

an immune cell that retains information about previously encountered pathogens to mount a quicker and more efficient immune response upon re-exposure

"Memory T cells remember past infections."

"Memory T cells provide long lasting immunity by responding rapidly to previously encountered pathogens."

a mature B lymphocyte that secretes antibodies

"Plasma cell secretes antibodies into blood."

"Plasma cells are antibody factories that produce large quantities of a single specific antibody."

a type of immune cell that plays a critical role in presenting antigens to other immune cells, helping to initiate and regulate immune responses

"Dendritic cell presents antigens to lymphocytes."

"Dendritic cells capture antigens and present them to T cells to initiate an immune response."

a type of white blood cell characterized by cytoplasmic granules and involved in the body's immune response

"Granulocytes contain enzyme-filled granules."

"Granulocytes are white blood cells with granules containing enzymes that fight bacteria and parasites."

a group of proteins that are found on the surface of cells and play a key role in the immune system recognition and response

"Human leukocyte antigen helps immune recognition."

"Human leukocyte antigens are proteins on cell surfaces that help the immune system distinguish self from non self."

a type of immune cell that can directly kill infected or abnormal cells in the body

"Cytotoxic T cell kills virus-infected cells."

"Cytotoxic T cells directly kill virus infected cells and tumor cells by releasing toxic granules."

a type of immune cell that plays a central role in coordinating and regulating immune responses

"Helper T cell activates other immune cells."

"Helper T cells coordinate the immune response by activating other immune cells through chemical signals."

a type of immune cell that helps maintain immune balance and prevent excessive immune responses in the human body

"Regulatory T cell prevents autoimmune attacks."

"Regulatory T cells suppress excessive immune responses and prevent the immune system from attacking the body's own tissues."

a set of genes that help the immune system recognize and respond to foreign substances in the body by presenting them to immune cells for identification

"Major histocompatibility complex displays protein fragments."

"The major histocompatibility complex presents protein fragments on cell surfaces for recognition by T cells."

a type of white blood cell that engulfs and destroys foreign substances, pathogens, and cellular debris in the body

"The macrophage engulfs and destroys pathogens."

"Macrophages engulf and digest pathogens dead cells and cellular debris throughout the body."

a type of immune cell in the human body that engulfs and eliminates pathogens and foreign particles through the process of phagocytosis

"Phagocytes eat harmful bacteria."

"Phagocytes are immune cells that ingest and destroy harmful particles bacteria and dying cells."

a type of immune cell that releases chemical mediators involved in allergic reactions

"Mast cell releases histamine during allergies."

"Mast cells release histamine and other chemicals during allergic reactions causing inflammation and itching."

a type of white blood cell that helps defend the body against bacterial infections by engulfing and destroying bacteria

"Neutrophil is the most abundant white cell."

"Neutrophils are the most abundant white blood cells and are the first to arrive at infection sites."

a key component of the immune system responsible for defending the body against infections and diseases

"Leukocytes defend the body against disease."

"Leukocytes are white blood cells that protect the body against infectious disease and foreign invaders."

a type of immune cell that has the ability to suppress immune responses, and they are often associated with pathological conditions such as cancer and inflammation

"Myeloid-derived suppressor cell suppresses immune responses."

"Myeloid derived suppressor cells inhibit immune responses and are often increased in cancer patients."

a specialized type of white blood cell found in the human body

"Eosinophil fights parasites and allergic reactions."

"Eosinophils fight parasitic infections and are involved in allergic reactions by releasing toxic granules."

a type of immune cell that is capable of recognizing and destroying infected or cancerous cells in the body without prior sensitization or activation

"Natural killer cell destroys tumors and viruses."

"Natural killer cells destroy virus infected cells and tumor cells without prior sensitization."

(usually plural) each of the pair of large lymphoid tissues high up in the throat and behind the nose that have to be removed if swollen

"Adenoids help trap harmful bacteria."

"Adenoids are patches of lymphoid tissue at the back of the nasal cavity that trap pathogens."

(anatomy) each of the pair of lymphoid tissues in the pharynx at the side of the tongue root

"Tonsils fight throat infections."

"The tonsils are lymphoid tissues at the back of the throat that help fight respiratory infections."

(anatomy) an abdominal organ that controls the quality of the blood cells

"The spleen filters blood."

"The spleen helps fight certain infections."

a small organ in the lymphatic system that filters and traps foreign substances, helping to fight infections and support immune responses

"Lymph nodes filter harmful substances."

"Lymph nodes filter lymph fluid and contain immune cells that respond to pathogens."

an abnormally large red blood cell found in the bloodstream

"Macrocyte indicates possible anemia."

"Macrocytes are abnormally large red blood cells often indicating vitamin B twelve deficiency or anemia."

an abnormally small red blood cell that can indicate certain types of anemia or underlying health conditions

"Microcyte suggests iron deficiency anemia."

"Microcytes are abnormally small red blood cells typically seen in iron deficiency anemia."

an immature form of a red blood cell that indicates active blood cell production in the bone marrow

"Reticulocyte count measures bone marrow function."

"Reticulocytes are immature red blood cells released from the bone marrow before becoming fully mature."

an abnormally shaped red blood cell that deviates from the normal biconcave disc shape, often seen in certain blood disorders or pathologies

"Poikilocyte has an abnormal irregular shape."

"Poikilocytes are red blood cells with abnormal shapes that may indicate various blood disorders."