Glands and Hormones: English Vocabulary List

an organ in the body that produces certain chemical substances to be used in the body or to be discharged into the surroundings

"The gland produces hormones for the body."

"The sweat gland produces perspiration that cools the body when it becomes too hot."

a sebaceous gland located in the eyelid that produces and secretes oil to lubricate the surface of the eye

"The tarsal gland produces eye oil."

"The tarsal glands along the eyelid margins secrete oil that prevents tear evaporation."

a small gland located at the base of the brain that secretes hormones and regulates various bodily functions

"The pituitary gland controls other glands."

"The pituitary gland is called the master gland because it controls other endocrine glands throughout the body."

a small endocrine gland located in the brain that secretes melatonin and helps regulate the sleep-wake cycle

"The pineal gland regulates sleep cycles."

"The pineal gland produces melatonin which regulates sleep wake cycles in response to darkness."

an endocrine gland located in the neck that produces hormones essential for regulating metabolism and growth

"The thyroid gland regulates metabolism."

"The thyroid gland produces hormones that regulate metabolism body temperature and heart rate."

a small endocrine gland near the thyroid gland that produces parathyroid hormone

"The parathyroid gland controls calcium levels."

"The parathyroid glands control calcium levels in the blood by releasing parathyroid hormone."

a specialized organ of the immune system located near the heart that produces T cells and plays a crucial role in the development of the immune system in early life

"The thymus produces T-cells for immunity."

"The thymus is located behind the breastbone and produces T cells that fight infection."

a hormone produced by the adrenal glands that regulates electrolyte balance and fluid levels in the body

"Aldosterone regulates blood pressure and salt."

"Aldosterone regulates blood pressure by controlling salt and water balance in the kidneys."

a class of hormones produced by the adrenal glands

"Corticosteroid reduces inflammation in the body."

"Corticosteroids are hormones produced by the adrenal cortex that reduce inflammation and regulate metabolism."

a body hormone produced in case of anger, fear, or excitement that makes the heart beat faster and the body react quicker

"Adrenaline gave energy."

"The rush of adrenaline helped him lift the heavy object off the trapped accident victim's leg."

a hormone secreted by the pituitary gland that stimulates the production and release of cortisol from the adrenal glands

"Adrenocorticotrophic hormone stimulates cortisol production."

"Adrenocorticotrophic hormone stimulates the adrenal glands to release corticosteroid hormones in response to stress."

a hormone produced by the hypothalamus and released by the pituitary gland that regulates water balance in the body

"Antidiuretic hormone controls water balance."

"Antidiuretic hormone helps the kidneys retain water which concentrates urine and prevents dehydration."

a hormone that stimulates growth, development, and metabolism in the body

"Growth hormone stimulates childhood development."

"Growth hormone stimulates cell growth and regeneration throughout childhood and helps maintain tissues in adulthood."

a hormone secreted by the pituitary gland that regulates ovulation and testosterone production

"Luteinizing hormone triggers ovulation in females."

"Luteinizing hormone triggers ovulation in females and testosterone production in males."

a hormone that regulates the growth and development of follicles in the ovaries and the production of sperm in the testes

"Follicle-stimulating hormone helps produce eggs sperm."

"Follicle stimulating hormone stimulates egg development in females and sperm production in males."

a hormone that regulates childbirth, lactation, and social bonding

"Oxytocin promotes bonding and childbirth contractions."

"Oxytocin is released during childbirth and breastfeeding and promotes bonding and social attachment."

a hormone that stimulates milk production and plays a role in reproductive functions

"Prolactin stimulates milk production after birth."

"Prolactin stimulates milk production in nursing mothers and has multiple other functions in the body."

a hormone that stimulates the thyroid gland to produce and release thyroid hormones

"Thyroid-stimulating hormone activates the thyroid gland."

"Thyroid stimulating hormone controls the production of thyroid hormones by the thyroid gland."

an enzyme involved in regulating blood pressure and fluid balance by initiating the production of angiotensin II

"Renin helps control blood pressure levels."

"Renin is an enzyme released by the kidneys that helps regulate blood pressure and fluid balance."

a peptide hormone that constricts blood vessels and stimulates the release of aldosterone

"Angiotensin constricts blood vessels to raise pressure."

"Angiotensin constricts blood vessels and stimulates aldosterone release to raise blood pressure."

a hormone that stimulates the production of red blood cells in the body

"Erythropoietin stimulates red blood cell production."

"Erythropoietin stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow in response to low oxygen levels."

a hormone that raises blood sugar levels by promoting the breakdown of glycogen in the liver

"Glucagon raises blood sugar."

"Glucagon raises blood sugar levels by signaling the liver to release stored glucose."

a hormone that is responsible for controlling the level of glucose in the blood, the lack of which can cause diabetes

"Insulin injection needed."

"People with diabetes often need daily insulin injection to control blood sugar levels properly."

a hormone primarily responsible for female reproductive development and regulation

"Estrogen is a female hormone."

"Estrogen plays a key role in female reproductive development."

a hormone produced by the ovaries that plays a vital role in regulating the menstrual cycle and supporting pregnancy

"Progesterone prepares the uterus for pregnancy."

"Progesterone prepares the uterus for pregnancy and maintains the uterine lining during early gestation."

a hormone produced by the thyroid gland that regulates metabolism and various physiological processes in the body

"Thyroid hormone controls metabolic rate."

"Thyroid hormone controls the rate of metabolism affecting body temperature weight and energy levels."

a hormone produced by the parathyroid glands that regulates calcium and phosphate levels in the body

"Parathyroid hormone regulates blood calcium levels."

"Parathyroid hormone increases blood calcium levels by releasing calcium from bones and reducing calcium loss in urine."

a hormone that increases heart rate and blood flow

"Epinephrine increases heart rate during stress."

"Epinephrine also called adrenaline increases heart rate and blood flow during the fight or flight response."

a hormone and neurotransmitter that regulates the body's stress response

"Norepinephrine causes alertness."

"Norepinephrine is involved in fight-or-flight response."

a hormone produced by the pineal gland that regulates sleep-wake cycles and promotes restful sleep

"Melatonin helps us sleep."

"Melatonin levels rise at night to promote sleep."

a hormone that stimulates the release of growth hormone from the pituitary gland, regulating growth and metabolism

"Growth hormone-releasing factor stimulates pituitary growth hormone."

"Growth hormone releasing factor stimulates the pituitary gland to secrete growth hormone."

a hormone produced by the pituitary gland that stimulates the thyroid gland to produce and release thyroid hormones

"Thyrotrophic hormone stimulates thyroid hormone release."

"Thyrotrophic hormone stimulates the thyroid gland to produce and release thyroid hormones."

a hormone that stimulates the release of cortisol from the adrenal glands

"Corticotropin triggers cortisol release from adrenals."

"Corticotropin stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce corticosteroid hormones in response to stress."

an exocrine gland that produces and releases saliva into the mouth, aiding in digestion

"The salivary gland produces saliva for digestion."

"The salivary glands produce saliva that moistens food and begins the digestion of starches."

a paired gland in the male reproductive system that secretes fluids to nourish and support the sperm cells

"The seminal vesicle produces seminal fluid."

"The seminal vesicles produce most of the fluid that makes up semen including fructose for sperm energy."

a reproductive organ that produces gametes and sex hormones

"The gonad produces eggs or sperm."

"The gonads are the primary reproductive organs the ovaries in females and the testes in males."

a glandular organ in mammals that produces and secretes milk for nourishing offspring

"The mammary gland produces breast milk."

"The mammary glands produce milk to nourish infants after childbirth."

a salivary gland located beneath the tongue that produces and secretes saliva

"The sublingual gland lies under tongue."

"The sublingual gland is the smallest salivary gland located under the floor of the mouth."

a salivary gland located beneath the jaw that produces and releases saliva

"The submandibular gland produces most saliva."

"The submandibular gland produces about seventy percent of the saliva in the mouth."

a major salivary gland located near the ear that produces and secretes saliva into the mouth

"The parotid gland swells during mumps."

"The parotid gland is the largest salivary gland located near the angle of the jaw."

a small exocrine gland in the skin that produces and secretes sweat

"Sweat glands cool the body."

"Sweat glands are distributed throughout the skin and help cool the body through evaporation."

a small exocrine gland in the skin that produces and secretes sebum

"Sebaceous glands produce skin oil."

"Sebaceous glands secrete an oily substance called sebum that lubricates and waterproofs the skin."

a sweat gland responsible for regulating body temperature through the production and secretion of sweat

"Eccrine glands produce watery sweat."

"Eccrine sweat glands are found all over the body and produce clear odorless sweat for cooling."

a type of sweat gland that produces a thicker secretion containing proteins and lipids

"Apocrine glands produce thick sweat."

"Apocrine sweat glands are found in armpits and groin and produce thicker sweat that bacteria break down into body odor."

a hormone that regulates the activity of the gonads, promoting their development and function

"Gonadotrophic hormone stimulates sex glands."

"Gonadotrophic hormones regulate the growth and function of the gonads in both males and females."

a male reproductive organ responsible for the production of sperm and the secretion of testosterone

"The testis produces sperm."

"The doctor explained that the testis produces both sperm and the hormone testosterone in males."

a specialized structure in the human body that produces and releases substances through a duct

"Duct glands secrete through tubes."

"A duct gland releases its secretions through a tube or duct onto an epithelial surface."

a gland in the male body that produces fluid for semen and surrounds the urethra, aiding in urine control

"Prostate problems are common in older men."

"Prostate cancer is common among older men so regular screening is recommended after age fifty."

a group of hormones secreted by cells in the digestive system that regulate various processes

"Gastrointestinal hormone regulates digestion processes."

"Gastrointestinal hormones regulate digestion by controlling stomach acid release and intestinal motility."