Research: English Vocabulary List

an alphabetical listing of topics, names, or terms with references to their locations, typically in a book or document

"Check the index please."

"The book's index lists all topics alphabetically with corresponding page numbers."

a list of books and articles used by an author to support or reference their written work

"The bibliography lists all sources."

"The student included a bibliography at the end of his research paper listing all his sources."

something suggested or put forward for consideration, such as an idea, plan, or assumption

"We submitted the proposal."

"The research proposal outlined a clear methodology and expected outcomes for the study."

the repetition of a scientific study to confirm or challenge its results

"Replication is important."

"The scientific community values replication to ensure the reliability and validity of research findings."

a selection of theories and ideas that explain how a particular school, subject, or discipline is generally understood

"A new paradigm emerged."

"The discovery of DNA fundamentally shifted the paradigm of biological research."

the process of creating new knowledge or understanding by integrating existing information

"Synthesis of ideas is key."

"The essay required a synthesis of various historical sources to form a coherent argument."

a line or sentence taken from a book or speech

"The paper needs a citation for that fact."

"A proper citation gives credit to the original author and allows readers to find the source material that was used in the research paper."

a statement that someone presents as a topic to be argued or examined

"Her thesis was clear."

"The author's thesis argued that technological advancements have significantly impacted social interactions."

a very harsh and thorough examination or analysis

"The vivisection was harsh."

"The rigorous vivisection of the ancient text revealed hidden meanings and historical context."