Lesson 8A · New English File Advanced Vocabulary List

an injury on the skin that appears as a dark mark, caused by a blow involving the rupture of vessels underneath

"She has a bruise on her leg."

"He got a dark bruise on his arm after bumping into the corner of the table by accident."

a swollen area on the skin filled with liquid, caused by constant rubbing or by burning

"A blister formed on skin."

"A blister is a small pocket of fluid that forms on the skin due to friction"

an inflammation of the throat that is typically caused by a viral or bacterial infection

"The sore throat is caused by a throat infection."

"The sore throat is caused by a throat infection and the doctor prescribes a course of antibiotics."

a painful injury resulting in the sudden twist of a bone or joint, particularly one's wrist or ankles

"The sprain keeps him off the field."

"The doctor confirmed a bad sprain but no broken bones in his ankle."

the joint that connects the foot to the leg

"He twisted his ankle while playing soccer."

"He twisted his ankle while running on the uneven trail and had to limp back to the car."

an infectious disease similar to a bad cold, causing fever and severe pain

"He got the flu last week."

"The flu spread quickly in winter."

an illness resulting from the consumption of food or water contaminated with bacteria

"Food poisoning causes vomiting and diarrhea."

"Food poisoning causes vomiting diarrhea and stomach cramps after eating contaminated food or drinks."

a medical emergency that happens when blood flow to the heart is suddenly blocked, which is fatal in some cases

"He had serious heart attack."

"He had a serious heart attack last year and had to stay in hospital for two weeks under medical care."

to rub gently or caress an animal's fur or hair

"She stroked the cat's soft fur."

"She gently stroked the cat's soft fur to calm it down during the thunderstorm outside the window."

a physician who is not a specialist but treats people with acute and chronic illnesses who live in a particular area

"General practitioner helps patients."

"A general practitioner treats acute and chronic illnesses and provides preventive care for patients of all ages."

a doctor who performs medical operation

"The surgeon worked carefully."

"The surgeon performed the operation with a steady hand."

a medical doctor who specializes in the treatment of mental illnesses or behavioral disorders

"The psychiatrist listened patiently to her concerns"

"The psychiatrist prescribed medication to help manage the patient's severe anxiety disorder."

a word or phrase that compares two things or people, highlighting the similarities, often introduced by 'like' or 'as'

"'As brave as a lion' is a classic and child-friendly simile."

"A simile is a figure of speech that explicitly compares two unlike things by using connecting words"

used to describe someone who refuses to change their opinion or chosen course of action

"He is stubborn as a mule."

"My grandfather is as stubborn as a mule and refuses to listen to anyone's advice."

completely lacking the ability to hear sounds

"He is deaf as a post."

"My neighbor is as deaf as a post, so you have to shout to get his attention."

used to refer to someone who is unable to see well

"He is blind as a bat."

"Without her glasses, she was as blind as a bat and couldn't read the sign."

used to refer to someone who is very healthy and in good physical condition

"He is fit as a fiddle."

"My grandmother is as fit as a fiddle even though she is over eighty years old."

used to refer to someone who is extremely thin, often in an unhealthy way

"She is thin as a rake."

"After his illness, he became as thin as a rake and needed to gain weight."

to eat an excessive amount of food

"He eats like a horse."

"My teenage son eats like a pig and finishes everything on the table."

used to describe a very well-behaved and obedient individual, especially a child

"The kids were good as gold."

"The children were as good as gold while their parents were away at the party."

(of a person) not easily broken, weakened, or defeated

"She is tough as boots."

"My grandmother is as tough as old boots and still walks five miles every day."

a tough person who is not easily affected by emotions

"He is hard as nails."

"The coach is as tough as nails and never shows any sympathy for injured players."

to sleep in a way that one cannot be easily woken up

"I slept like a dog."

"After hiking all day in the mountains, I slept like a dog and didn't wake up until morning."

to drink too much of alcoholic drinks on a regular basis

"He drinks like a fish at parties."

"At the party last night he managed to drink like a fish and stay cheerful."

the general condition of a person's mind or body

"Good health is important."

"Maintaining a balanced diet and regular exercise are crucial for overall physical and mental health."

the field of science that is concerned with treating injuries and diseases

"He studies medicine."

"Her lifelong ambition was to study medicine and contribute to advancements in healthcare and patient treatment."

a part of one's skin covered with red spots, which is usually caused by a sickness or an allergic reaction

"She has a skin rash."

"The baby developed a red, itchy rash after eating strawberries for the first time."

a secondary effect of any drug or medicine, usually an undesirable one

"Drowsiness is a side effect."

"A common side effect of this medication is a slight dizziness that usually disappears quickly."

minor or limited in extent, intensity, or amount

"It is a small bag."

"Even a small act of kindness can have a profound impact on someone's day."

the action of opening or penetrating a surface with a sharp edge

"Make a cut here."

"The surgeon's precise cut allowed for minimal tissue damage during the complex operation."

having a great distance from the surface to the bottom

"The lake is deep."

"The deep ocean is dark and cold and pressure at the bottom is so intense that only special submarines can explore the strange creatures that live there."

(of a thing) physically divided into pieces, because of being damaged, dropped, etc.

"The cup is broken."

"After the accident, the vase was broken into many irreparable pieces."

one of the two body parts that is connected to the shoulder and ends with fingers

"My arm hurts."

"He raised his arm to signal the taxi driver to stop."

having a temperature lower than the human body's average temperature

"The drink is cold."

"The cold wind cut through his jacket like a knife and he wished he had worn a warmer coat."

a doctor who is highly trained in a particular area of medicine

"The specialist arrived."

"The general practitioner referred her to a heart specialist after her blood tests showed some unusual results that required further investigation."

used to describe a very well-behaved and obedient individual, especially a child

"He is as good as gold."

"Her youngest child has always been as good as gold, never causing any trouble at school."