Lesson 5B · New English File Advanced Vocabulary List

something that we use to buy and sell goods and services, can be in the form of coins or paper bills

"Money is important."

"She saved enough money to buy a new laptop."

used to imply that money is not easily obtained or available, and one should not waste it unnecessarily

"Turn off the lights — money does not grow on trees."

"The finance director reminded the team that money does not grow on trees and asked for a detailed breakdown of all expenses."

spending or giving money reluctantly

"My uncle is tight-fisted."

"The tight fisted millionaire never gave money to charity and lived in a small house despite his wealth."

a large sum of money

"This car cost me an arm and a leg."

"The repairs to the car cost me an arm and a leg but I had no other choice."

to make enough money to pay for one's basic needs

"With two jobs, he can just make ends meet."

"With three children and only one salary it is difficult for them to make ends meet every month."

in debt due to spending more than one's earnings

"The company is in the red."

"After years of poor management, the business finally went into the red and had to close."

used to refer to something, particularly a bank account, that is providing one with a considerable amount of profit

"Our business is finally in the black."

"After several difficult years the business is finally back in the black and making a good profit."

to lessen the amount of money or resources one uses compared to before, particularly due to having less available

"When I lost my job, I had to tighten my belt."

"We will have to tighten our belts this month because our electricity bill was much higher than expected."

to spend in a way that exceeds one's income

"He lives beyond his means."

"She lives beyond her means and spends more money than she earns every single month."

the money that is paid to a professional or an organization for their services

"The membership fee is fifty dollars."

"The university charges a high tuition fee each semester plus additional fees for laboratory courses."

an amount of money given by the government or another organization for a specific purpose

"The grant helped."

"The scientist received a research grant from the National Science Foundation to study the effects of climate change on coral reefs."

a sum of money that is borrowed from a bank which should be returned with a certain rate of interest

"The loan was approved."

"He took a loan to buy a car."

a single, large payment made in full, instead of smaller payments made over time

"Received a lump sum."

"The inheritance was paid out as a single lump sum, rather than being distributed in installments over several years."

people in general, considered as an extensive and organized group sharing the same laws

"Technology continues changing modern society rapidly"

"Education plays a vital role in shaping the values of any society."

someone who buys and uses services or goods

"The consumer bought the product."

"Manufacturers must understand the evolving preferences of the modern consumer to remain competitive in the marketplace."

the level of wealth, welfare, comfort, and necessities available to an individual, group, country, etc.

"This country has a high standard of living."

"The standard of living in this city has improved greatly over the past ten years."

the money that is regularly earned from a job or through an investment

"She has a steady monthly rental income."

"Disposable income is the amount of net income a household has available for spending and saving after all compulsory income taxes have been accounted for."

the amount of money required to maintain basic needs and expenses in a particular place or location

"The cost of living is very high in this city."

"The cost of living in London is very high especially for housing and public transport."

an amount of money that is paid for something

"The payment was successful."

"She made the final payment on her car loan yesterday which means she now owns the vehicle completely without debt."

the amount that a lender charges a borrower for the use of money, typically calculated based on the amount of the loan and the length of the borrowing period

"The bank raises its interest rate for savings accounts."

"The bank raises its interest rate for savings accounts and customers earn more on their deposits."

an official contract or arrangement by which a bank gives money to someone as a loan to buy a house and the person agrees to repay the loan over a specified period, usually with interest

"We took a mortgage for our house."

"They secured a thirty-year mortgage to finance the purchase of their dream home."

the business of trading and exchanging shares of different companies

"Stock market crashed."

"The stock market crashed suddenly and many investors lost a lot of money in a short time."

the value of a country's currency compared to another country's currency

"The exchange rate for dollars to euros is favorable."

"The exchange rate for dollars to euros is favorable and she gets more euros for her money."

(of organizations or people) legally declared as unable to pay their debts to creditors

"The company is bankrupt."

"The bankrupt company had to sell all of its assets and the owners lost everything they had invested in the business."

a hard time in a country's economy characterized by a reduction in employment, production, and trade

"The country slipped into a recession after two quarters of negative growth."

"Many people lost their jobs during the recession last year."

possessing a great amount of riches and material goods

"She lives in an affluent area."

"The affluent suburb had large houses manicured lawns and excellent schools for the children of wealthy families."

having a large amount of money or valuable possessions

"He is wealthy."

"The wealthy family donated millions of dollars to build a new hospital in the poor neighborhood where they grew up."

having enough money to cover one's expenses and maintain a desirable lifestyle

"The family is well-off."

"They are well off now but they remember what it was like to struggle financially when they were first starting their careers together."

having little or no financial resources

"I am broke."

"After paying his rent and bills he was completely broke and he had to borrow money from his parents to buy groceries."

experiencing financial difficulties, often lacking money to cover basic expenses

"The student is hard up."

"The hard up college student ate ramen noodles for every meal because he could not afford anything else."

having no money or financial resources

"He died penniless."

"The penniless artist could not afford to buy food and he slept on the street while painting masterpieces that would later sell for millions."

the currency of the United Kingdom, equivalent to one hundred pence

"He hands me fifty quid for the ticket."

"He hands me fifty quid for the ticket and I give him the change in coins."

a piece of paper money worth five dollars that you can use to buy things

"He pays for lunch with a fiver."

"He pays for lunch with a fiver and the cashier gives him one pound back."

a banknote with a value of ten units of a currency, typically ten pounds or ten dollars

"She gives him a tenner for his birthday."

"She gives him a tenner for his birthday and he puts it in his wallet to spend later."

a part of a larger sum of money that is paid in a scheduled series of payments over a specified period of time

"He pays the loan in monthly installments."

"He pays the loan in monthly installments of three hundred dollars over five years."

something that costs a lot more than its real value

"That was a rip-off."

"The price he paid for the used car was a complete rip off because the engine failed just one week after he drove it off the lot."

a specific amount of money set aside for a particular use

"We have a small budget."

"The company carefully managed its marketing budget to ensure maximum return on investment."

a sum of money that is paid before paying a total amount, particularly when buying something that is expensive

"Pay the deposit now."

"A substantial deposit is required to secure the booking for the exclusive venue."

something that is voluntarily given to someone or an organization to help them, such as money, food, etc.

"Generous donation helped."

"She made a donation to the charity."

the amount of money we pay to travel with a bus, taxi, plane, etc.

"The bus fare increased by fifty cents."

"The bus fare increased again this year making it more expensive for low income residents to commute to their jobs in the city."

an amount of money that must be paid as a legal punishment

"I had to pay a parking fine for overstaying."

"The driver had to pay a large fine for parking his car illegally in front of a fire hydrant."

(plural) another way of saying quotation marks

"Use quote marks for quotes."

"The essay required direct quotes, so I carefully enclosed all borrowed text within double quote marks."

a person's intention or desire, especially one that is strong or persistent

"Her will is strong."

"Despite facing numerous obstacles, her indomitable will to succeed never wavered."

the ongoing increase in the general price level of goods and services in an economy over a period of time

"Inflation makes prices go up."

"High inflation erodes the purchasing power of money, making it more expensive for people to buy everyday necessities."

to be able to pay the cost of something

"She cannot afford a new car now."

"We cannot afford to buy a new car right now because we are saving for a house."

to deal with someone, something, or a situation in a way that keeps it under control

"She manages a large team."

"She managed to complete the difficult project on time even though her team was understaffed and overworked."

an arrangement according to which a bank keeps and protects someone's money that can be taken out or added to

"I have an account."

"He opened a new bank account to manage his savings and investments more effectively."

a state in an account where the total credits exactly equal the total debits, leaving no difference

"The balance is good."

"After reconciling all transactions, the accountant ensured the account balance was accurate and without discrepancies."

the action of taking something from one place to another

"The transfer was fast."

"The seamless transfer of sensitive data required advanced encryption protocols."

an amount of money or a favor that is owed

"The debt is large."

"He worked hard to repay the debt as quickly as possible."

the act of dividing or distributing something among a group of people

"Share the cookies."

"The equitable share of the inheritance caused considerable discussion among the family members."

the type or system of money that is used by a country

"The currency is strong."

"The value of a country's currency can fluctuate significantly based on economic stability political events and international trade relationships with other nations."

owning a great amount of money or things that cost a lot

"He is very rich."

"The entrepreneur became incredibly rich after successfully launching several innovative technology companies."

having a lot of money or financial resources

"He is loaded."

"The tech entrepreneur is loaded and he owns several houses luxury cars and a private jet that he uses for business travel."

owning a very small amount of money or a very small number of things

"He is very poor."

"The family lived in poor conditions, struggling to afford basic necessities like food and shelter."

a thousand units of a currency

"The car costs twenty grand."

"The car costs twenty grand which is a lot of money for a used vehicle."

one dollar

"I have one buck."

"He spent his last buck on a lottery ticket and surprisingly won fifty dollars."