Lesson 10A · New English File Upper Intermediate Vocabulary List

someone whose job or education is about science

"The scientist studied the samples."

"The scientist explained the results in simple language so that even non-specialists could understand the importance of the findings."

the scientific study of matter and energy and the relationships between them, including the study of natural forces such as light, heat, and movement

"I study physics at school."

"She decided to study physics at university because she was fascinated by how the universe works."

a medical doctor who specializes in general medicine, not in surgery

"The physician prescribed new medication yesterday"

"The physician recommended losing weight and exercising more instead of prescribing medication."

the branch of science that is concerned with studying the structure of substances and the way that they change or combine with each other

"Chemistry is very interesting."

"The chemistry lab experiment demonstrated how different elements react when mixed together under specific conditions."

the scientific study of living organisms; the science that studies living organisms

"Biology is the study of living things."

"Marine biology reveals the astonishing biodiversity hidden beneath the ocean's surface."

(biology) a person who studies the science that deals with living organisms

"The marine biologist studied coral reefs."

"The marine biologist studied coral bleaching and its effects on reef ecosystems around the world."

relating to the science that explores living organisms and their functions

"It is a biological study."

"The professor's research focused on the complex biological processes that allow deep-sea creatures to survive extreme pressures."

a branch of science that studies space, planets, etc.

"He developed a keen interest in astronomy early on."

"Radio astronomy allows scientists to observe celestial phenomena otherwise invisible."

a scientist who studies or observes planets, stars, and other happenings in the universe

"The astronomer discovered a new comet."

"The astronomer spent every clear night looking through the telescope hoping to discover a new comet or asteroid."

the branch of biology that deals with how individual features and different characteristics are passed through genes

"Genetics explains how traits pass down."

"Modern genetics has unlocked the mysteries of heredity and gene expression mechanisms."

a specialist in or student of the branch of biology that deals with how individual features and different characteristics are passed through genes

"Geneticist studies heredity."

"The geneticist studied the family's DNA to identify the mutation responsible for their inherited form of breast cancer."

involving or concerning the scientific field of genetics

"The genetical code is complex."

"The genetical mutation caused the flower to have blue petals instead of the usual red color."

the scientific study of plants, their structure, genetics, classification, etc.

"She studied botany at university because she loved plants and flowers."

"Her fascination with the intricate details of flowers led her to pursue a degree in botany."

a student of or specialist in the scientific study of plants, their structure, genetics, classification, etc.

"The botanist studied plants."

"The botanist discovered a new plant species."

concerning or involving the study of plants, their structure, genetics, classification, etc.

"The botanical samples are diverse."

"The botanical garden has thousands of plant species from all over the world including many rare and endangered ones."

a branch of science that deals with animals

"She studies zoology at college."

"Zoology is the branch of biology that focuses on the animal kingdom"

a specialist in or student of the branch of science that deals with animals

"The zoologist studies the behavior of primates."

"The zoologist studies the behavior of primates and spends months observing them in their natural habitat."

involving or concerning the branch of science that deals with animals

"The garden is zoological."

"The zoological park houses over five hundred species of animals and visitors can see everything from lions to penguins."

a careful and systematic study of a subject to discover new facts or information about it

"He is doing research on cancer cures."

"Groundbreaking research often requires years of dedication and interdisciplinary collaboration."

a company that develops, manufactures, advertises, distributes, or sells medications

"The pharmaceutical company develops a new vaccine."

"The pharmaceutical company develops a new vaccine and tests it on thousands of volunteers."

a controlled scientific experiment in which the effectiveness and safety of a medical treatment is measured by testing it on people

"The new drug is undergoing a clinical trial."

"The new drug showed promising results during the clinical trial with minimal side effects reported."

knowledge about the structure and behavior of the natural and physical world, especially based on testing and proving facts

"Science helps us understand nature."

"The science class conducted an experiment to see how different liquids affected the rate at which a metal nail would rust over time."

involving or concerning the study of energy, force, matter, heat, etc.

"It is physical work."

"The course covers both theoretical concepts and practical applications of physical science."

relating to or based on the principles and methods of science

"We need a scientific approach."

"The scientific study proved that exercise is good for both physical and mental health in many ways."

concerning or used in the scientific field of chemistry

"It is a chemical."

"The scientist observed a fascinating chemical reaction occurring in the laboratory beaker."

concerning or involving the scientific field of astronomy

"The astronomical data is vast."

"The astronomical cost of the new stadium surprised the taxpayers who had to approve the budget for its construction and maintenance."

a cell or a group of cells created through a natural or artificial process from a source that they are genetically identical to

"They made a clone."

"Scientists successfully cloned a sheep named Dolly using a cell from an adult animal."

the act of finding something for the first time and before others

"The discovery of oil changed the country."

"The scientist's discovery of a new species made international headlines last week."

any substance that is used for medicinal purposes

"The doctor prescribed a new drug."

"The new drug has shown promising results in clinical trials and may soon be approved for public use."

to do a scientific test on something or someone in order to find out the results

"Let's experiment with this."

"The scientists decided to experiment on the new drug to test its effectiveness."

a small furry animal with rounded ears, short legs and no tail, which is often kept as a pet or for research

"The guinea pig is cute."

"Guinea pigs are social animals that become depressed if kept alone so veterinarians recommend adopting at least two so they can keep each other company."

a result of a situation or action that was not meant to happen

"It had a side effect."

"Drowsiness is a common side effect of many antihistamine medications that patients should be aware of."

an examination that consists of a set of questions, exercises, or activities to measure someone’s knowledge, skill, or ability

"The test was difficult."

"The teacher gave us a longer test before the holiday break."

a set of ideas intended to explain the reason behind the existence or occurrence of something

"This theory explains the problem."

"The scientist proposed a new theory that challenged the traditional understanding of how black holes are formed."

to complete or conduct a task, job, etc.

"They carry out the plan carefully."

"The scientist needed special permission to carry out his dangerous experiment safely."

to form, produce, or prepare something, by putting parts together or by combining materials

"She makes delicious cakes."

"My grandmother makes the best chocolate chip cookies I have ever tasted in my entire life."

to show that something is true through the use of evidence or facts

"Evidence proves his innocence completely."

"The lawyer tried to prove that his client was innocent by presenting new evidence to the court."

to perform an action that is not mentioned by name

"Do the dishes now."

"What do you want to do this weekend because I am free on both Saturday and Sunday."

to state or suggest something without being asked or told

"He volunteered the answer."

"She decided to volunteer at the local animal shelter every weekend to help care for the abandoned pets."

to offer to do something without being forced or without payment

"I volunteer at the shelter."

"Many citizens are willing to volunteer their time and skills to help rebuild the community after the disaster."

a place where people do scientific experiments, manufacture drugs, etc.

"The laboratory has many tools."

"The chemistry students wore safety goggles and white lab coats while working in the laboratory on their assigned experiment."