Clause Connectors: English Vocabulary List

used to add a statement that contradicts what was just mentioned

"However I do not agree with you."

"I would like to go however I am too busy with work to take any time off this week."

used to indicate that despite a previous statement or situation, something else remains true

"The task is hard nonetheless we will try."

"The task is hard nonetheless we will try our best to complete it before the deadline."

up to now or the time stated

"She is still sleeping."

"She is still waiting for the bus at the stop because it has not arrived despite being twenty minutes late."

used to introduce an opposing statement

"It was raining nevertheless we went out."

"It was raining nevertheless we went out because we had already bought tickets for the concert and did not want to waste them."

used to highlight the differences between two or more things or people

"In contrast, she likes tea."

"By contrast, the new model is much more efficient than the old one we used before."

as a replacement or equal in value, amount, etc.

"He ate an apple instead."

"Do not go out instead stay home and rest because you look very tired and pale today."

used to indicate that despite a certain fact or situation mentioned in the first clause, the second clause follows

"Even though it rained we went out."

"Even though he was tired he stayed up late to finish his work."

in replacement of something that is typically expected or required

"He gave milk in lieu of cream."

"He received a cash payment in lieu of vacation days because he could not take time off."

used to introduce statement that is in contrast to what one previously stated

"That said, I still think you are right."

"The hotel room was very small that said it was clean and the bed was comfortable."

at the starting point of a major development or change

"The company is on the cusp of success."

"The company is on the cusp of a major breakthrough that will change the industry."

used to suggest a logical conclusion based on the information or reasoning provided

"He studied hard therefore he passed."

"He studied hard therefore he passed the exam with flying colors and got into a good university."

used to introduce a comparison between two or more things, highlighting differences or disparities between them

"In contrast, she is calm."

"By contrast, the new model is much more efficient than the old one."

in a way that is different from what has been mentioned

"Conversely small cars use less fuel."

"Conversely small cars use less fuel and are easier to park but they offer less protection in a crash."

used to introduce a contrasting aspect of a situation, especially when comparing it to a previous point

"On the other hand this option is cheaper."

"On the other hand this option is cheaper and faster but it is also less reliable than the first one."

at the same time but often somewhere else

"Meanwhile I will prepare dinner."

"Meanwhile I will prepare dinner while you set the table and pour the drinks for everyone."

used to indicate that something follows as a result or outcome of a preceding event or action

"As a consequence the school closed early."

"As a consequence the school closed early and the students were sent home because of the dangerous weather conditions."

used to indicate the outcome of a preceding action or situation

"As a result many homes lost power."

"As a result of the storm many homes lost power and people had to use candles for light."

used to introduce a result based on the information or actions that came before

"Thus the experiment was a success."

"Thus the experiment was a success and the scientists published their findings in a prestigious medical journal."

used to say that one thing is a result of another

"The roads are icy hence drive carefully."

"The roads are icy hence drive carefully and leave plenty of space between you and the car in front."

used to introduce the second point, reason, step, etc.

"Secondly we need to buy food."

"Secondly we need to buy food and drinks for the party before we can start decorating the room."

after a particular event or time

"He quit his job and subsequently started his own business."

"He quit his job and subsequently started his own business which became very successful within just a few years."

after a long time, usually when there has been some difficulty

"Finally we are home."

"Finally the weekend has arrived and I can relax and forget about work for two whole days."

in the time following a specific action, moment, or event

"We went to dinner afterward."

"We went to dinner afterward and then we walked along the beach for a while enjoying the cool evening breeze."

before the present moment or a specific time

"I previously worked at a bank."

"I previously worked at a bank for five years before I decided to change careers and become a teacher."

at a time following the current or mentioned moment, without specifying exactly when

"I will call you later."

"I will call you later tonight after I finish my homework and have something to eat for dinner."

used to introduce additional information or to emphasize a point

"The hotel was nice moreover it was cheap."

"The hotel was nice moreover it was very cheap so we decided to stay there for the whole week."

used to introduce additional information

"The plan is risky furthermore it is expensive."

"The plan is expensive furthermore it is risky and might not even work at all."

used to introduce extra information or points

"Additionally bring your passport."

"Additionally you will need to bring your passport and a copy of your visa application to the interview."

used to introduce further information

"In addition he volunteers at the hospital."

"In addition to his job he also volunteers at the hospital on weekends to help sick children."

used to provide a specific situation or instance that helps to clarify or explain a point being made

"We need tools, for example hammers."

"You should eat more fruit for example apples or bananas every single day."

used to introduce an example of something mentioned

"Some animals hibernate, for instance bears."

"For instance many birds fly south for the winter to escape the freezing cold temperatures."

in a manner that is gradually growing in degree, extent, or frequency over time

"The weather is increasingly getting warmer."

"The weather is increasingly getting warmer each year due to climate change caused by human activities."

used to provide an alternative or clearer way of expressing the same idea

"It is hard, in other words."

"He is lazy in other words he does not like to work and always finds excuses to avoid it."

used to indicate how something is achieved or the result of an action

"He passed the exam thereby proving his skills."

"He passed the exam thereby proving his skills and earning the respect of his teachers and classmates."

used to emphasize or confirm a statement

"The food was indeed delicious."

"The food was indeed delicious and we thanked the chef personally for preparing such a wonderful meal for us."

only for one certain type of person or thing

"This book was written specifically for children."

"This book was written specifically for children aged eight to twelve who are interested in science and nature."

at the present time

"She is currently studying at university."

"She is currently studying at university and hopes to graduate next year with a degree in economics and finance."

used to highlight differences or similarities when comparing two or more things or people

"In comparison, this book is better."

"By comparison, the new restaurant offers much better food and service than the old one."

used when introducing additional information to a statement that has just been made

"He is kind likewise his brother."

"He is kind likewise his brother is also very generous and always willing to help people in need."

as a second choice or another possibility

"Alternatively you can take the train."

"Alternatively you can take the train instead of driving if you do not want to deal with traffic and parking."

used to provide a brief and straightforward explanation of the main points or ideas

"In summary the project was successful."

"In summary the project was successful because the team worked well together and met all of their deadlines."

in a sequential manner, referring to actions or events occurring in a specific order

"He helped me and I in turn helped him."

"He helped me and I in turn helped him so we both benefited from our cooperation and teamwork."

with no attention to the thing mentioned

"I will go regardless."

"She decided to pursue her dream career regardless of the financial risks involved in starting her own business."