Toefl Essential English Vocabulary List

Build your foundational English vocabulary for TOEFL with essential terms for family, personality, and emotions.

Family and Relationships38 words

• acquaintance🔊nouna person whom one knows but is not a close friend
• adultery🔊nounsexual intercourse involving a married person and someone other than their spouse
• ancestor🔊nouna blood relative who lived a long time ago, usually before one's grandparents
• ancestry🔊nounthe people from whom a person is descended
• adoptive🔊adjective(of a child or parent) related through adoption
• biracial🔊adjectiverepresenting or involving members of two different races
• cheat on🔊verbto have a secret romantic or sexual relationship with someone other than one's own partner
• breakup🔊nounthe end of a relationship or an association
• brotherly🔊adjectiveshowing a level of love or care that one would only expect a brother to have
• companion🔊nounsomeone or something that regularly keeps another company, providing friendship, support, or association
• companionship🔊nounthe delightful feeling that one has when accompanied by people one enjoys spending time with rather than being alone
• co-parent🔊nouna person who shares the responsibilities of raising a child
• soulmate🔊nounthe perfect romantic partner for a person
• socialize🔊verbto interact and spend time with people
• kin🔊nouna person's family and relatives
• next of kin🔊nounone's closest living relative or relatives
• parenting🔊noun‌the process of raising or taking care of one's child or children
• maternal🔊adjectiverelated to or characteristic of a mother and motherhood, especially during and following childbirth
• ex🔊nounthe person one used to be married to or have a relationship with
• band🔊nouna group of people who come together for a particular purpose, often because they share common interests or beliefs
• bond🔊nouna relationship between people or groups based on shared experiences, ideas, or emotions
• affair🔊nouna sexual relationship between two people in which at least one of them is already committed to someone else
• ally🔊nounsomeone who helps or supports someone else in certain activities or against someone else
• branch🔊nouna subdivision or a group of members of an extended family sharing the same ancestors
• clan🔊nouna large group of people who are related to each other
• brotherhood🔊nounthe feeling of understanding and friendship between people
• compatible🔊adjective(of two people) able to have a balanced and comfortable relationship
• custody🔊nounthe legal right or responsibility to care for and make decisions regarding a child, especially after a divorce or separation
• descendant🔊nounsomeone who shares the same blood with a specific person who lived many years ago
• distant🔊adjectivehaving a connection that is not close or direct, as in a remote familial or social relationship
• tie🔊nouna bond or connection between people, organizations, etc.
• kinship🔊nounthe relationship between the members of a family
• paternal🔊adjectivehaving qualities or behaviors typically associated with a father, particularly in a caring, supportive, or protective manner
• intimate🔊adjective(of people) having a very close relationship
• inherit🔊verbto receive money, property, etc. from someone who has passed away
• heritage🔊nounan individual's religious or ethnic background that is passed down to them from their ancestors
• exclusive🔊adjectivelimited to a particular person, group, or purpose
• associate🔊verbto interact and spend time with someone or a group of people

Stages of Life31 words

• youthful🔊adjectivehaving the characteristics that are typical of young people
• adulthood🔊nounthe period of being an adult, characterized by physical and psychological maturity
• boyhood🔊nounthe period of a male's life before he reaches adulthood
• girlhood🔊nounthe period of a female individual's life before she reaches adulthood
• infant🔊nouna very young child, typically from birth to around one year old
• teens🔊nounthe period of one's life between the age of 13 and 19
• midlife crisis🔊nouna period of emotional or personal turmoil experienced by some people in middle adulthood
• anniversary🔊nounthe date on which a special event happened in a previous year
• burial🔊nounthe act of burying a dead body or the ceremony in which a dead body is buried
• childbirth🔊nounthe process of a baby being born
• pregnancy🔊nounthe condition of carrying a developing baby in the womb
• funeral🔊nouna religious ceremony in which people bury or cremate a dead person
• underage🔊adjectivenot old enough to legally engage in certain activities such as drinking or getting a driver's license
• widow🔊nouna married woman whose spouse is dead and has not married again
• widower🔊nouna man whose spouse is dead and has not remarried
• orphan🔊nouna child whose parents have died
• maternity leave🔊nouna period of time when a woman can take a break from working and stay home before and after the birth of her child
• pass away🔊verbto no longer be alive
• retirement🔊nounthe period during someone's life when they stop working often due to reaching a certain age
• toddler🔊nouna young child who is starting to learn how to walk
• adolescence🔊nouna period in one's life between puberty and adulthood
• adolescent🔊nouna young person who is in the process of becoming an adult
• youth🔊nouna young man or teenage boy, typically in the stage of life between childhood and adulthood
• infancy🔊nounthe period or state of very early childhood
• maturity🔊nounthe state and quality of being mentally and behaviorally rational and sensible
• premature🔊adjective(of a baby) born before completing the normal full-term pregnancy length
• elder🔊nouna person older in age or experience than another
• engagement🔊nounan agreement between two people to get married or the duration of this agreement
• juvenile🔊adjectiverelating to young people who have not reached adulthood yet
• senior🔊adjectiverelated to individuals who are considered elderly
• grownup🔊noun(used by children or when talking to them) an adult who is fully matured and responsible

Personal Characteristics22 words

• easy-going🔊adjectivecalm and not easily worried or annoyed
• immoral🔊adjectiveacting in a way that goes against accepted moral standards or principles
• self-confident🔊adjective(of a person) having trust in one's abilities and qualities
• affectionate🔊adjectiveexpressing love and care
• attentive🔊adjectivefocusing with interest or concentration
• cautious🔊adjective(of a person) careful to avoid danger or mistakes
• clumsy🔊adjectivedoing things or moving in a way that lacks control and care, usually causing accidents
• daring🔊adjectivebrave enough to take risks and do dangerous things
• immature🔊adjectivenot fully developed mentally or emotionally, often resulting in behaviors or reactions that are childish
• good-natured🔊adjectivedisplaying kindness and patience when interacting with others
• irritable🔊adjectiveprone to annoyance or frustration
• charitable🔊adjectivewilling to give money, time, or resources to help others, especially those less fortunate
• genuine🔊adjectivehaving an original and authentic nature
• thoughtful🔊adjectivethinking deeply about oneself and one's experiences, often resulting in new understandings or realizations
• patient🔊adjectiveable to remain calm, especially in challenging or difficult situations, without becoming annoyed or anxious
• extrovert🔊adjectiveenjoying interaction with others
• introvert🔊adjectivequiet and shy and wanting to spend time with oneself instead of with others
• dependable🔊adjectiveable to be relied on to do what is needed or asked of
• greedy🔊adjectivehaving an excessive and intense desire for something, especially wealth, possessions, or power
• tolerant🔊adjectiveshowing respect to what other people say or do even when one disagrees with them
• honorable🔊adjectivemorally good and deserving respect
• committed🔊adjectivewilling to give one's energy and time to something because one believes in it

Feelings and Emotions39 words

• affection🔊nouna feeling of fondness or liking toward someone or something
• eagerness🔊nouna strong desire or enthusiasm to do or have something
• fascination🔊nounthe state of having great interest in something or someone
• enthusiasm🔊nouna feeling of great excitement and passion
• contentment🔊nounhappiness and satisfaction, particularly with one's life
• amazement🔊nouna feeling of great wonder, often due to something extraordinary
• self-esteem🔊nounsatisfaction with or confidence in one's own abilities or qualities
• curiosity🔊nouna strong wish to learn something or to know more about something
• astonishment🔊nouna strong feeling of surprise caused by something unexpected
• thrill🔊nouna sudden feeling of pleasure and excitement
• fatigue🔊nouna feeling of extreme tiredness that is usually caused by physical or mental overwork or exercise
• fright🔊nouna sudden feeling of fear
• annoyance🔊nouna feeling of irritation or discomfort caused by something that is bothersome, unpleasant, or disruptive
• despair🔊nouna feeling of total hopelessness
• disappointment🔊noundissatisfaction that is resulted from the unfulfillment of one's expectations
• exhaustion🔊nouna feeling of extreme tiredness
• remorse🔊nouna sense of great regret that one feels as a result of having done something bad or wrong
• envy🔊nouna feeling of dissatisfaction, unhappiness, or anger that one might have as a result of wanting what others have
• hatred🔊nouna very strong feeling of dislike
• sorrow🔊nouna feeling of extreme sadness caused by something unpleasant
• dread🔊nounan intensely unpleasant emotion in response to danger or threat
• agitation🔊nouna state of extreme anxiety
• hostility🔊nounbehavior or feelings that are aggressive or unfriendly
• rage🔊noungreat anger that is hard to contain
• desire🔊nouna very strong feeling of wanting to do or have something
• devotion🔊nounstrong love and support expressed for a person or thing
• honor🔊noungreat regard and respect for someone or something based on their qualities, achievements, or principles
• temper🔊nouna tendency to quickly become angry
• aggression🔊nounhostile or angry behavior that may result in violence or threats
• anxiety🔊nouna feeling of nervousness or worry about a future event or uncertain outcome
• frustration🔊nounthe feeling of being impatient, annoyed, or upset because of being unable to do or achieve what is desired
• embarrassment🔊nouna feeling of distress, shyness, or guilt as a result of an uncomfortable situation
• distress🔊nouna state of extreme emotional pain or suffering
• humiliation🔊nounintense embarrassment from being made to look foolish or stupid
• greed🔊nounan intense and selfish desire for something such as power and wealth
• contempt🔊nounthe disregard and lack of respect for someone or something seen as insignificant or unworthy
• fury🔊nouna feeling of extreme and often violent anger
• misery🔊noungreat discomfort or pain
• apprehension🔊nouna feeling of fear or worry that something bad might happen in the future

Appearance26 words

• wrinkle🔊nouna small fold or line in a piece of cloth or in the skin, particularly the face
• underweight🔊adjectiveweighing less than the desired, healthy, or normal amount
• sunburned🔊adjective(of skin) reddened or inflamed by being overly exposed to the sunlight
• shoulder-length🔊adjective(of hair) long in a way that reaches down the shoulders
• cosmetics🔊nounany type of substance that one puts on one's skin, particularly the face, to make it look more attractive
• dye🔊verbto change the color of something using a liquid substance
• blush🔊verbto become red in the face, especially as a result of shyness or shame
• grin🔊verbto smile widely in a way that displays the teeth
• wink🔊verbto quickly open and close one eye as a sign of affection or to indicate something is a secret or a joke
• freckle🔊noun(usually plural) a small light brown spot, found mostly on the face, which becomes darker and larger in number when exposed to the sun
• pimple🔊nouna small red swelling on the skin, especially on the face
• figure🔊nounthe shape of a person's body, particularly a woman, when it is considered appealing
• gesture🔊nouna movement of the hands, face, or body used to express an idea, feeling, or intention
• posture🔊nounthe position that one's body is in, while sitting or standing
• expression🔊nouna specific look on someone's face, indicating what they are feeling or thinking
• wear🔊verbto have a particular style of hair, beard, or mustache
• wig🔊nouna piece of natural or synthetic hair that is worn on the head
• upright🔊adjective(of a person) standing or sitting with a straight back
• tan🔊noundarkened or brown skin caused by long exposure to the sun
• alike🔊adjective(of two or more things or people) having qualities, characteristics, appearances, etc. that are very similar but not identical
• striking🔊adjectiveexceptionally eye-catching or beautiful
• skinny🔊adjectivehaving a very low amount of body fat
• muscular🔊adjective(of a person) powerful with large well-developed muscles
• curl🔊verbto shape something into a spiral or coiled pattern
• awkward🔊adjectivemoving uncomfortably in a way that lacks grace and confidence
• facial🔊adjectiverelating to the face or its appearance

Clothing and Fashion33 words

• outfit🔊nouna set of clothes that one wears together, especially for an event or occasion
• garment🔊nounan item of clothing that is worn on the body, including various types of clothing such as shirts, pants, dresses, etc.
• wear🔊nouna piece of clothing for a particular event or purpose
• footwear🔊nounthings worn on the feet, such as shoes, boots, etc.
• casual🔊adjective(of clothing) comfortable and suitable for everyday use or informal events and occasions
• see-through🔊adjective(particularly of clothes) so thin that light passes through and therefore one is able to see through it
• bathrobe🔊nouna long piece of clothing, made from the same material that towels are made of, worn after or before taking a shower or bath
• bikini🔊nountwo-piece swimsuit worn by women, especially in warmer climates or during beach vacations
• boxershorts🔊noununderpants with short legs, worn by men
• flip-flop🔊nouna backless sandal, usually made of rubber or plastic, with a V-shaped strap between the big toe and the one next to it
• slipper🔊nounsoft and comfortable footwear worn indoors
• shoelace🔊nouna long and thin string or cord that is passed through the hooks on a shoe and pulled tightly to fasten it
• vest🔊nouna sleeveless piece of clothing that is worn under a jacket and over a shirt
• cardigan🔊nouna type of jacket that is made of wool, usually has a knitted design, and its front could be closed with buttons or a zipper
• cloak🔊nouna loose overgarment without sleeves fastened at the neck
• fashion-conscious🔊adjectiveaware of the latest fashion trends and tending to dress accordingly
• fashion statement🔊nounsomething unusual or new owned or worn to attract attention to oneself
• high-heeled🔊adjective(of women's shoes) having tall heels
• leggings🔊nounstretchy pants that fit the legs closely, usually worn by women
• loose-fitting🔊adjective(of clothing) large, comfortable, and not fitting the body closely
• nylon🔊nouna tough synthetic fiber that is light and elastic, used in textile industry
• silk🔊nouna type of smooth soft fabric made from the threads that silkworms produce
• lace🔊nouna delicate cotton or silky cloth made by weaving or knitting threads in an open web-like pattern
• bow tie🔊nouna narrow piece of cloth tied in a bowknot around the collar of a shirt
• waterproof🔊adjectivenot damaged by the water or not letting water through
• jersey🔊nouna shirt that is worn by a person in a sports team
• lining🔊nouna piece of fabric that is used to cover the inside surface of something, such as clothes
• collar🔊nounthe part around the neck of a piece of clothing that usually turns over
• dress up🔊verbto wear formal clothes for a special occasion or event
• fabric🔊nouncloth that is made by weaving cotton yarn, silk, etc., which is used in making clothes
• accessory🔊nounan item, such as a bag, hat, piece of jewelry, etc., that is worn or carried because it makes an outfit more beautiful or attractive
• piercing🔊nouna piece of jewelry designed to be worn in a body piercing, such as earrings, nose rings, or other decorative items
• wardrobe🔊nounall of the clothes that someone owns

Colors and Shapes30 words

• khaki🔊adjectivehaving a dull yellowish-brown color
• beige🔊adjectivehaving a pale, light brown color like sand
• bluish🔊adjectivehaving a shade of blue; somewhat blue
• subtle🔊adjectivedifficult to notice or detect because of its slight or delicate nature
• discolor🔊verbto become less attractive or vibrant in color
• vertical🔊adjectivepositioned at a right angle to the horizon or ground, typically moving up or down
• horizontal🔊adjectivepositioned across and parallel to the ground and not up or down
• symmetry🔊nounthe quality of having two halves that are exactly the same, which are separated by an axis
• rectangle🔊noun(geometry) a flat shape with four right angles, especially one with opposing sides that are equal and parallel to each other
• dimension🔊nouna measure of the height, length, or width of an object in a certain direction
• burgundy🔊adjectivedeep red in color
• hazel🔊adjectivehaving a greenish-brown color
• violet🔊adjectivehaving a bluish-purple color
• ginger🔊adjective(of hair or fur) having a bright orange-brown color
• emerald🔊adjectivehaving a bright green color
• neutral🔊adjectivelacking color or hue
• deep🔊adjective(of a color) showing darkness and intensity
• soft🔊adjective(of colors) not too bright or glaring, in a way that is relaxing to the eyes
• angle🔊nounthe space between two lines or surfaces that are joined, measured in degrees or radians
• parallel🔊adjectivehaving an equal distance from each other at every point
• triangle🔊noun(geometry) a flat shape consisting of three straight sides and three angles
• spiral🔊noun(geometry) a curved shape or design that gradually winds around a center or axis
• solid🔊noun(geometry) a shape that is not two-dimensional because it has height, width, and length
• sphere🔊noun(in geometry) a three-dimensional surface where all points are equidistant from a center
• cone🔊noun(geometry) a three dimensional shape with a circular base that rises to a single point
• pyramid🔊nouna solid with a polygonal base and triangular faces that meet at a single point
• cube🔊nouna three-dimensional figure made of six square or rectangular faces
• oval🔊adjectiverounded in shape but wider in one direction, such as the shape of an egg
• curve🔊nouna line or shape that is not straight and bends gradually
• circular🔊adjectivehaving a shape like a circle

Education36 words

• applicant🔊nounsomeone who formally applies for something, especially a job, position, or opportunity
• enrollment🔊nounthe process or action of joining a school, course, etc.
• distance education🔊nouna learning system in which students and teachers do not attend classes instead use online or broadcast resources
• boarding school🔊nouna school where students live and study during the school year
• attendance🔊nounthe state of being present at an event or a place
• tuition🔊nounan amount of money that one pays to receive an education, particularly in a university or college
• curriculum🔊nounthe overall content, courses, and learning experiences designed by educational institutions to achieve specific educational goals and outcomes for students
• scholarship🔊nouna sum of money given by an educational institution to someone with great ability in order to financially support their education
• grant🔊nounan amount of money given by the government or another organization for a specific purpose
• assess🔊verbto form a judgment on the quality, worth, nature, ability or importance of something, someone, or a situation
• dissertation🔊nouna long piece of writing on a particular subject that a university student presents in order to get an advanced degree
• doctorate🔊nounthe highest degree given by a university
• expel🔊verbto force someone to leave a place, organization, etc.
• free period🔊nouna part of a school day in which there is no class
• seminar🔊nouna class or course at a college or university in which a small group of students and a teacher discuss a specific subject
• field trip🔊nouna trip made by researchers or students to learn more about something by being close to it
• fieldwork🔊nounscientific study or research conducted in the real world and not in a laboratory or class
• literacy🔊nounthe capability to read and write
• Doctor of Philosophy🔊phrasea very high-level university degree given to a person who has conducted advanced research in a specific subject
• bachelor's degree🔊nounthe first degree given by a university or college to a student who has finished their studies
• postgraduate🔊nouna graduate student who is studying at a university to get a more advanced degree
• undergraduate🔊nouna student who is trying to complete their first degree in college or university
• certificate🔊nounan official document that states one has successfully passed an exam or completed a course of study
• gym🔊nouna place with special equipment that people go to exercise or play sports
• academic🔊adjectiverelated to education, particularly higher education
• institution🔊nouna large organization that serves a religious, educational, social, or similar function
• admission🔊nounthe permission given to someone to become a student of a school, enter an organization, etc.
• discipline🔊nounthe practice of using methods such as punishment, training, or guidance to enforce rules and improve behavior
• thesis🔊nounan original piece of writing on a particular subject that a candidate for a university degree presents based on their research
• dormitory🔊nouna room designed for multiple people to sleep in, typically found in schools, camps, or similar institutions
• suspension🔊nounthe action of officially not allowing someone to go to school, work, or participate in something for a specific length of time, particularly to punish them
• extracurricular🔊adjectivenot included in the regular course of study at a college or school
• assembly🔊nounthe teacher student conventions that are held in the morning or afternoon in the school
• senior🔊adjectiverelating to students in the final year of high school or college
• tutor🔊nouna teacher who gives lessons privately to one student or a small group
• workshop🔊nouna meeting where people focus on a particular subject or project, share ideas, and practice skills together

Employment35 words

• apprentice🔊nounsomeone who works for a skilled person for a specific period of time to learn their skills, usually earning a low income
• job description🔊nouna list of tasks and responsibilities that a job includes
• collaboration🔊nounthe act or process of working with someone to produce or achieve something
• workforce🔊nounall the individuals who work in a particular company, industry, country, etc.
• personnel🔊nounindividuals employed in an organization, especially in military or structured environments, who are expected to follow directives
• colleague🔊nounsomeone with whom one works
• laborer🔊nounsomeone whose job includes heavy physical work that does not require much skill
• pension🔊nouna regular payment made to a retired person by the government or a former employer
• salary🔊nounan amount of money we receive for doing our job, usually monthly
• minimum wage🔊nounthe lowest level of salary, set by the law
• low-paid🔊adjectiveearning or giving only a small amount of money
• pay gap🔊nounthe difference between the payment received by two different groups of people
• underemployed🔊adjective(of a person) not having much work to do in their job or being unable to use their full potential
• exhausting🔊adjectivecausing one to feel very tired and out of energy
• bonus🔊nounthe extra money that we get, besides our salary, as a reward
• multitask🔊verbto simultaneously do more than one thing
• placement🔊nounthe action of finding someone a job, home, or school
• resign🔊verbto officially announce one's departure from a job, position, etc.
• workload🔊nounthe amount of work that a person or organization has to do
• well-paid🔊adjective(of a job or occupation) providing a high salary or income in comparison to others in the same industry or field
• supervisor🔊nounsomeone who observes or directs a person or an activity
• occupation🔊nouna person's profession or job, typically the means by which they earn a living
• vacancy🔊nouna position or job that is available
• position🔊nouna job, role, or function within an organization
• internship🔊nouna period of supervised work experience, often unpaid, undertaken by a student or recent graduate to gain practical skills or fulfill qualification requirements
• human resources🔊nounthe workforce of an organization, viewed in terms of their talents, experience, and potential contributions
• labor🔊nounwork, particularly difficult physical work
• commission🔊nouna sum of money paid to someone based on the value or quantity of goods they sell
• contract🔊nounan official agreement between two or more sides that states what each of them has to do
• exploit🔊verbto take advantage of someone by making them work a lot and paying them less than is deserved
• strike🔊verbto stop working as a sign of protest against some work issues, such as low wages, poor working conditions, etc.
• challenging🔊adjectivedifficult to accomplish, requiring skill or effort
• recruitment🔊nounthe process or action of finding new individuals to become a member of the armed forces, a company, or an organization
• leave🔊nouna period of authorized absence from work, duty, or service
• overtime🔊nounthe extra hours a person works at their job

Language and Grammar35 words

• abbreviation🔊nounthe shortened form of a word, etc.
• dialect🔊nounthe spoken form of a language specific to a certain region or people which is slightly different from the standard form in words and grammar
• syllable🔊nouna word or part of a word, which contains a vowel sound and usually one or more consonants
• complement🔊nouna word or phrase that completes the meaning of a grammatical expression
• conjunction🔊noun(grammar) a word such as and, because, but, and or that connects phrases, sentences, or words
• prepositional🔊adjective(grammar) formed with or connected to a preposition
• determiner🔊noun(grammar) a word coming before a noun or noun phrase to specify its denotation
• fluency🔊nounthe quality of being able to speak or write very well and easily in a foreign language
• gerund🔊noun(grammar) a form of a verb that functions as a noun and is formed by adding the suffix -ing to the base form of the verb
• collocation🔊nouna particular combination of words that are used together very often
• slang🔊nounwords or expressions that are very informal and more common in spoken form, used especially by a particular group of people, such as criminals, children, etc.
• proverb🔊nouna well-known statement or phrase that expresses a general truth or gives advice
• interjection🔊noun(grammar) a phrase or word used suddenly to express a particular emotion
• intonation🔊noun(phonetics) the rising and falling of the voice when speaking
• transitive🔊adjective(grammar) describing a verb that needs a direct object
• intransitive🔊adjective(grammar) describing a verb that does not take a direct object
• linguistic🔊adjectiverelated to the science of language, including its structure, usage, and evolution
• metaphor🔊nouna figure of speech that compares two unrelated things to highlight their similarities and convey a deeper meaning
• punctuation🔊nounthe use of marks such as a period, comma, etc. in writing to divide sentences and phrases to better convey meaning
• double negative🔊nouna grammatical construction in which two negative elements are used within the same sentence, often resulting in a positive meaning
• contraction🔊nouna short form of a word or a group of words used instead of the full form
• accent🔊nouna manner of speaking that indicates social class, nationality, or locality of the speaker
• apostrophe🔊nounthe symbol ' used in writing to show possession or omission of letters or numbers
• article🔊noun(grammar) any type of determiner that shows whether we are referring to a particular thing or a general example of something
• agreement🔊noun(grammar) the situation where words in a phrase have the same gender, person, or number
• number🔊noun(grammar) the form of a word that indicates whether one, two, or more things or people are being referred to
• vowel🔊noun‌(phonetics) a speech sound produced without interfering with the flow of air coming through the mouth or nose
• consonant🔊noun‌(phonetics) a speech sound produced by interfering with or stopping the flow of air through the mouth or nose
• voice🔊noun(grammar) the form of a verb that indicates whether the subject does something or something is done to it
• auxiliary🔊nouna verb that supports or helps another verb to form different tenses, moods, or voices
• compound🔊adjective(of a word) formed by combining two or more separate words
• idiom🔊nouna group of words or a phrase that has a meaning different from the literal interpretation of its individual words, often specific to a particular language or culture
• imperative🔊adjective(of grammar) asserting a command or order
• progressive🔊adjective(grammar) describing a form of a verb that indicates an action is continuing
• quote🔊nouna sentence from a speech, book, etc. that is repeated somewhere else because it is wise or interesting

The Human Body35 words

• adrenaline🔊nouna body hormone produced in case of anger, fear, or excitement that makes the heart beat faster and the body react quicker
• hormone🔊nouna chemical substance produced in the body of living things influencing growth and affecting the functionality of cells or tissues
• armpit🔊nounthe part under the shoulder that is hollow
• artery🔊nounany blood vessel, carrying the blood to different organs of body from the heart
• biceps🔊nounthe large muscle at the front of the upper part of the arm, which flexes the forearm
• breastbone🔊nouna long flat bone at the center of the chest that connects the ribs and the shoulder girdle
• cheekbone🔊nounthe bone that is just below the eye
• chin🔊nounthe lowest part of our face that is below our mouth
• collarbone🔊nouneither of the pair of bones that go across the top of the chest from the base of the neck to the shoulders
• fist🔊nounthe hand with the fingers tightly bent toward the palm
• forehead🔊nounthe part of the face above the eyebrows and below the hair
• genitals🔊nounthe external sex organs of the body
• intestine🔊nouna long, continuous tube in the body through which the food coming from the stomach moves and is passed
• limb🔊nounan arm or a leg of a person or any four-legged animal, or a wing of any bird
• nervous system🔊nounthe network of neurons and fibers that interpret stimuli and transmit impulses from the body to the brain
• ribcage🔊noun(anatomy) the bony structure in the chest formed by the ribs which protects organs in the thoracic cavity
• skull🔊nounthe bony structure that surrounds and provides protection for a person's or animal's brain
• anatomy🔊nounthe human body
• appendix🔊nouna sack of tissue that is attached to the large intestine and is surgically removed if infected
• calf🔊nounthe muscular part at the back of the leg between the knee and the ankle
• cell🔊nounan organism's smallest unit, capable of functioning on its own
• circulation🔊nounthe flow and movement of blood around and in all parts of the body
• palm🔊nounthe inner surface of the hand between the wrist and fingers
• heel🔊nounthe back part of the foot, below the ankle
• gut🔊nounthe lower part of digestive tract responsible for food absorption
• hip🔊nouneach of the parts above the legs and below the waist at either side of the body
• stomach🔊nounthe body part inside our body where the food that we eat goes
• joint🔊nouna place in the body where two bones meet, enabling one of them to bend or move around
• jaw🔊nounthe lower bone of the face containing the chin and the bottom teeth
• lap🔊nounthe upper part of the legs that form a flat surface when one is seated
• vein🔊nounany tube or vessel that carries blood to one's heart
• tissue🔊nouna group of cells in the body of living things, forming their different parts
• thigh🔊nounthe top part of the leg between the hip and the knee
• spine🔊nounthe row of small bones that are joined together down the center of the back of the body
• pulse🔊nounthe rhythmic beating of the blood vessels created when the heart pumps, especially felt on the wrist or at the sides of the neck

Communication31 words

• bookmark🔊verbto store the address of a file, website, etc. for faster and easier access
• browser🔊nouna computer program that enables the user to read or look at information on the Internet
• service provider🔊nouna company that provides its customers with internet access and related services
• conference call🔊nouna phone call in which three or more people can hear and speak with one another
• Internet cafe🔊nouna place with computers where people can pay to access Internet and often buy something to eat
• directory🔊noun(computing) an area on a computer containing files that are necessary for keeping the computer organized
• dial🔊verbto enter a telephone number using a rotary or keypad on a telephone or mobile device in order to make a call
• hate mail🔊nounoffensive and often threatening letters or emails usually sent under no name
• spam🔊noununwanted or irrelevant online advertisements sent to many people
• helpline🔊nouna phone service that provides advice, comfort, or information regarding specific problems
• influencer🔊nounsomeone who encourages other people to purchase a product or service by talking about it on social media
• YouTuber🔊nounsomeone who is active on YouTube by creating content for it
• podcaster🔊nounsomeone who posts a series of digital media files available for download over the Internet on a regular basis
• home page🔊nounthe opening page of a website that introduces it and links the user to other pages
• inbox🔊nouna folder in which received emails or text messages are stored
• bandwidth🔊nounthe maximum rate of data transfer of an electronic communication system
• interpreter🔊nounsomeone who verbally changes the words of a language into another
• communication🔊nounthe process or activity of exchanging information or expressing feelings, thoughts, or ideas by speaking, writing, etc.
• attachment🔊nouna file or document that is sent along with an email
• browse🔊verbto check a web page, text, etc. without reading all the content
• broadband🔊nouna system of Internet connection that allows users to share information simultaneously
• cellular🔊adjectiverelated to a telephone system that uses radio stations for communication
• cut off🔊verbto end a phone call while the other person is still on the line
• engaged🔊adjective(of phone lines) being in use
• follow🔊verbto subscribe to a person or organization's account on a social media platform to check everything that they post or publish
• hold🔊verbto wait on the phone line until the other person answers it
• block🔊verbto prevent someone from contacting or viewing one's activities on social media
• thread🔊nouna sequence of linked messages on social media, email, etc.
• surfing🔊nounthe activity of spending a lot of time online navigating through different websites
• forward🔊verbto send something, such as an email or letter, that you have received, to someone else
• tweet🔊verbto post or send something on X social media

Travel and Tourism36 words

• accommodations🔊nouna place to stay in for a short period, often with food or other services
• hostel🔊nouna place or building that provides cheap food and accommodations for visitors
• apartment hotel🔊nouna hotel with apartments that one can rent for an indefinite amount of time
• bed and breakfast🔊phrasea small hotel or guesthouse that provides the residents with a resting place and breakfast
• motel🔊nouna hotel near the road suitable for people who are on a road trip, usually with rooms arranged in a row and parking places outside
• resort🔊nounan establishment that provides vacationers with lodging, food, entertainment, etc.
• check-in🔊nounthe process of arriving at a location such as an airport, a hotel, etc., and reporting one's presence
• concierge🔊nouna hotel employee who assists guests by arranging services such as reservations, tours, tickets, or recommendations
• desk clerk🔊nounthe receptionist of a hotel, who is responsible for greeting and assisting visitors, answering phones, etc.
• vacationer🔊nouna person who is on vacation or holiday, typically traveling away from home for leisure or relaxation
• en suite🔊nouna bathroom that is directly connected to a bedroom
• housekeeping🔊nounthe department tasked with cleaning rooms, etc. in a hotel, hospital, etc.
• maid🔊nouna female servant
• all-inclusive🔊adjectiveincluding everyone or everything, particularly for a single price
• minibar🔊nouna small refrigerator in a hotel room with different types of drinks or snacks inside
• room service🔊nouna hotel service where guests can order food, drinks, or other amenities to be delivered to their room, typically from a menu provided by the hotel
• low season🔊nounthe time of the year that a hotel, resort, etc. has the least visitors and prices are lower than normal
• high season🔊nounthe time of the year that visiting a hotel, attraction, etc. is in high demand and the prices are high
• backpack🔊verbto hike or travel carrying one's clothes, etc. in a backpack
• overbook🔊verbto sell more tickets or accept more reservations than the available number of seats, rooms, etc.
• duty-free🔊adjective(of goods) able to be imported without paying tax on them
• cruise🔊nouna journey taken by a ship for pleasure, especially one involving several destinations
• excursion🔊nouna short trip taken for pleasure, particularly one arranged for a group of people
• itinerary🔊nouna plan of the route and the places that one will visit on a journey
• bellhop🔊nouna person who is employed by a hotel to carry the guests' baggage to their rooms
• sightsee🔊verbto visit interesting and well-known places
• touristy🔊adjectiveintended for, visited by, or attractive to tourists, in a way that one does not like it
• hitchhiking🔊nouna means of traveling by standing at the side of a road and signaling passing cars to stop and asking them to give one a ride, which is usually free
• suite🔊nouna series of rooms, particularly in a hotel
• checkout🔊nounthe time when a guest should leave a hotel room, pay the bills, and return the key
• vacancy🔊nounan accommodation that is currently unoccupied and open for use
• lounge🔊nouna comfortable area, often in an airport or hotel, where people can relax, wait, or socialize, typically offering seating, refreshments, and sometimes Wi-Fi
• lobby🔊nounthe area just inside the entrance of a public building such as a hotel, etc.
• reservation🔊nounthe act of arranging something, such as a seat or a hotel room to be kept for you to use later at a particular time
• cancelation🔊nounthe act of stopping a planned event from happening or an order for something from being completed
• get away🔊verbto go on vacation away from home

Transportation37 words

• air traffic control🔊nounthe process or act of controlling and directing the aircrafts during their flight which happens in the control tower using radio
• transit🔊nounthe transfer of people on a public transportation vehicle
• touch down🔊verb(of an aircraft or spacecraft) to land on the ground
• runway🔊nouna strip of ground with a hard surface on which aircraft land or take off from
• in-flight🔊adjectiveoffered or occurring during a flight
• cabin crew🔊nounthe group of people whose job is looking after the passengers on an aircraft
• excess baggage🔊nounluggage that weighs more than the amount each passenger is allowed on a flight without paying extra money
• ascent🔊nounthe act or process of moving upward
• control tower🔊nounthe tallest building at an airport from which aircraft's movements are controlled
• jet lag🔊nounthe confusion and tiredness one can experience after a long flight, particularly when rapidly traveling across multiple time zones
• landing card🔊nouna card that a passenger on a ship or airplane fills in with their personal information and then gives to officials upon arrival
• shipping🔊nounthe act of transporting goods, particularly by sea
• cargo🔊noungoods on board an aircraft, ship, or vehicle, being transported
• boarding pass🔊nouna ticket or card that passengers must show to be allowed on a ship or plane
• baggage claim🔊nounthe area at an airport where passengers can collect their cases, bags, etc. after they land
• freight🔊noungoods carried by aircraft, trains, trucks, or ships; the transportation of goods using this method
• signpost🔊nouna post displaying a sign that indicates directions or provides guidance on location or route
• autopilot🔊nouna system or device in a ship or aircraft that can keep it on a preset course
• co-pilot🔊nouna pilot who assists the main pilot during a flight
• carry-on🔊nouna suitcase or a small bag that one can carry onto an airplane
• connection🔊nouna means of transportation that is used by a passenger after getting off a previous one to continue their journey
• terminal🔊nouna building where trains, buses, planes, or ships start or finish their journey
• aviation🔊nounthe process of flying an aircraft
• board🔊verbto get on a means of transportation such as a train, bus, aircraft, ship, etc.
• aboard🔊adverbon or into a vehicle such as a bus, train, plane, etc.
• on-board🔊adjectivelocated or provided on a ship, aircraft, or other vehicle
• descent🔊noundownward movement
• turbulence🔊nouninstability and sudden changes in the movement of water or air
• navigate🔊verbto choose the direction of and guide a vehicle, ship, etc., especially by using a map
• transfer🔊nouna ticket permitting a passenger to change from one conveyance to another
• cruise🔊verbto go on vacation by a ship or boat
• pull in🔊verb(of a train or bus) to arrive at a station
• pull out🔊verb(of a train or bus) to leave a station with passengers on board
• approach🔊nounthe part during an aircraft's flight when it is about to land
• coach🔊nounthe cheapest class of accommodations on a train or plane
• hub🔊nouna central station, airport, etc. that provides passengers with many services
• steward🔊nouna person who attends to passengers on an airplane, train, or ship

Means of Transportation34 words

• aircraft🔊nounany flying vehicle
• hot-air balloon🔊nounan extremely large balloon filled with heated air, which enables it to float and travel through the sky
• parachute🔊nounan object that allows a person or thing to slowly come to the ground after dropping from a flying aircraft
• double-decker🔊nouna vehicle such as a bus, train, or ship with two levels on top of one another, providing additional seating capacity
• freight car🔊nouna railroad car used for transporting goods
• single-decker🔊nouna type of bus that has only one floor
• boat train🔊nouna train that transports passengers to and from a port
• minibus🔊nouna small passenger-carrying vehicle that is larger than a typical car but smaller than a full-sized bus
• moving van🔊nouna large vehicle used for transporting furniture and other goods from one place to another
• compartment🔊nounany of the separate sections within a passenger train carriage, typically enclosed by walls and equipped with seats
• scooter🔊nouna light motor vehicle with a floorboard on which the rider puts their legs, and with wheels of usually small size
• cockpit🔊nounthe place where the pilot of an aircraft sits
• crossroad🔊nounthe place where a road is crossed by another
• junction🔊nounthe place where two or more things such as roads or railways cross
• access road🔊nouna road providing access to another road or to a specific place
• sidewalk🔊nouna pathway typically made of concrete or asphalt at the side of a street for people to walk on
• crosswalk🔊nouna marked place where people walk across a street
• boulevard🔊nouna wide street in a town or city, typically with trees on each side or in the middle
• traffic circle🔊nounan area where two or more roads join and all the traffic must move in the same direction around a circular structure
• express lane🔊nounthe part of a road where vehicles can go faster due to light traffic there
• limousine🔊nouna large, luxurious, and expensive car with a partition between the passengers and the driver
• fighter🔊nouna military aircraft that is designed to attack enemy aircraft and fly very fast
• bomber🔊nounan aircraft designed to drop bombs on targets
• vehicle🔊nouna means of transportation used to carry people or goods from one place to another, typically on roads or tracks
• shuttle🔊nouna means of transportation that frequently travels between two places
• camper🔊nouna vehicle designed for travel that contains facilities for sleeping, cooking, and living outdoors
• car🔊nounone of the separate parts of a train where passengers sit
• cab🔊nounthe enclosed compartment at the front of a vehicle or locomotive where the driver sits and operates the controls
• deck🔊nouna ship or boat's upper outside floor
• container🔊nouna large metal box that is used for transporting goods on ships, trains, etc.
• crossing🔊nouna place where one is able to safely cross something, particularly a street
• tunnel🔊nouna passage dug through or under a mountain or a structure, typically for cars, trains, people, etc.
• fork🔊nounone of the branches formed when a river, road, or path splits into two or more parts
• off-road🔊adjectiveable to be driven or ridden on rough ground

The Computer World35 words

• software🔊nounthe programs that a computer uses to perform specific tasks
• hardware🔊nounthe physical and electronic parts of a computer or other similar system
• operating system🔊nounthe most fundamental software that manages a computer, cell phone, etc., hardware and provides a platform for running applications
• flash drive🔊nouna small device used for storing data or transferring data between electronic devices
• database🔊nouna large structure of data stored in a computer that makes accessing necessary information easier
• desktop🔊nounan area on a computer where the icons of programs are displayed
• cursor🔊nouna movable mark on a computer screen that indicates where the user is working
• scroll🔊verbto move what is being displayed on a computer or smartphone screen up or down to see different parts of it
• code🔊verbto write a computer program using specific instructions
• data processing🔊nouna set of actions done on data by a computer to have a certain result
• artificial intelligence🔊nouna field of science that deals with creating programs able to learn or copy human behavior
• firewall🔊noun(computing) a computer program whose task is providing protection against cyber attacks by limiting outside access of data
• antivirus🔊adjectivehaving the ability to protect a system from viruses by finding and destroying them
• machine learning🔊nouna branch of artificial intelligence where computers learn how to perform specific operations without previous instructions
• virtual reality🔊nounan artificial environment generated by a computer that makes the user think what they are seeing or hearing is real, by using a special headphone and a helmet that displays the generated environment
• passcode🔊nouna specific group of letters, numbers, etc. that one needs to enter in order to access a computer or smartphone
• random-access memory🔊nouna type of computer memory tasked with temporarily storing data for a quicker access
• install🔊verbto add a piece of software to a computer system
• input🔊noun(computing) the act of inserting information into a computer
• load🔊verbto move data or a program from a local storage device into the memory of a computer
• refresh🔊verb(computing) to update a display, internet page, etc. and make the most recent information appear
• server🔊nouna computer that gives other computers access to files and information in a network
• upgrade🔊verbto improve a machine, computer system, etc. in terms of efficiency, standards, etc.
• compatible🔊adjectivehaving the ability to work with different devices, machines, etc.
• crash🔊verb(computing) to suddenly stop working
• down🔊adjective(of a computer system) not working temporarily or properly
• run🔊verb(of computer programs) to function and execute its tasks
• cut🔊verbto remove part of a digital text in order to put it elsewhere
• command🔊nounan instruction that tells a computer to perform a specific task or function
• computerize🔊verbto use computers to perform a task or do a particular job
• back up🔊verbto make a copy of computer digital data
• programming🔊nounthe process of writing a computer program
• process🔊verbto handle and work with data by operating on them in a computer
• application🔊nouna computer program designed to perform a specific task for a user
• developer🔊nouna person or company that designs and produces applications, video games, etc.

Society and Social Issues39 words

• aristocracy🔊nounpeople in the highest class of society who have a lot of power and wealth and usually high ranks and titles
• citizen🔊nounsomeone whose right of belonging to a particular state is legally recognized either because they are born there or are naturalized
• philanthropy🔊nounthe activity of helping people, particularly financially
• sexuality🔊nounthe qualities and activities that are related to sex
• feminism🔊nounthe movement that supports equal rights and opportunities for women and men
• ethnicity🔊nounthe state of belonging to a certain ethnic group
• multicultural🔊adjectiverelating to or involving several different cultures
• global village🔊noun‌the whole world considered as a small place because of being closely connected by modern communication systems
• gender gap🔊nounthe differences between men and women's rights, opportunities, and treatment in society
• discriminate🔊verbto unfairly treat a person or group of people based on their sex, race, etc.
• segregation🔊nouna social system or practice that keeps minority groups separate from the majority, often through separate facilities or services
• homelessness🔊nounthe fact or condition of not having a home
• sexism🔊nounthe belief or behavior that one sex is less important, capable, or valuable than the other
• alcoholism🔊nouna medical condition caused by drinking an excessive amounts of alcohol on a regular basis
• addiction🔊nounthe inability to stop using or doing something, particularly something harmful or unhealthy
• prejudice🔊nounan unreasonable opinion or judgment based on dislike felt for a person, group, etc., particularly because of their race, sex, etc.
• slum🔊noun(often plural) a very poor and overpopulated area of a city or town in which the houses are not in good condition
• refugee🔊nouna person who is forced to leave their own country because of war, natural disaster, etc.
• community service🔊noununpaid work done either as a form of punishment by a criminal or as a voluntary service by a citizen
• social worker🔊nounsomeone who is employed to give advice to or provide help for those with family or financial problems
• class🔊nouna group of people having the same economic or social status in a particular society
• noble🔊adjectivebelonging to the highest social or political class
• civil🔊adjectiverelated to the citizens of a country
• status🔊nounsomeone or something's professional or social position relative to that of others
• welfare🔊nouna financial aid provided by the government for people who are sick, unemployed, etc.
• tolerance🔊nounwillingness to accept behavior or opinions that are against one's own
• gender🔊nounthe fact or condition of being male, female or non-binary that people identify themselves with based on social and cultural roles
• feminine🔊adjectiverelated to qualities, characteristics, or behaviors typically associated with women
• masculine🔊adjectiverelated to qualities, characteristics, or behaviors typically associated with men
• race🔊nouneach of the main groups into which humans can be divided based on their physical attributes such as the color of their skin
• inequality🔊nouna situation in which people or groups are not treated equally or fairly
• diversity🔊nounthe practice of involving many people from different cultures, social backgrounds, sexual orientations, etc.
• superior🔊adjectivehigher in status or rank in comparison with someone or something else
• inferior🔊adjectivelower in rank or status in comparison with someone or something else
• racism🔊nounharmful or unfair actions, words, or thoughts directed at people of different races, often based on the idea that one’s own race is more intelligent, moral, or worthy
• demonstration🔊nouna display of support for or protest against something or someone by a march or public meeting
• minority🔊nouna small group of people who differ in race, religion, etc. and are often mistreated by the society
• starvation🔊nouna situation where a person or animal dies or greatly suffers from having no food for a long time
• shelter🔊nouna place in which very poor people are provided with food and housing

Healthcare and Medicine37 words

• medication🔊nounsomething that we take to prevent or treat a disease, or to feel less pain
• painkiller🔊nouna type of medicine that is used to reduce or relieve pain
• remedy🔊nouna treatment or medicine for a disease or to reduce pain that is not severe
• soothe🔊verbto reduce the severity of a pain
• rehabilitate🔊verbto help someone to restore to a healthy and independent state after a period of imprisonment, addiction, illness, etc.
• vaccine🔊nouna substance, often administered through needle injections, that stimulates the body's immune response against harmful diseases
• vaccination🔊nounthe process or an act of introducing a vaccine into the body as a precaution against contracting a disease
• quarantine🔊nouna place or period of separation in which someone or something that is suspicious of carrying a dangerous disease is kept away so that others can be safe
• injection🔊nounthe action of putting a drug into a person's body using a syringe
• immune🔊adjectivesafe from catching a disease or being infected
• pharmacy🔊nouna shop where medicines are sold
• first aid🔊nouna basic medical treatment given to someone in an emergency before they are taken to the hospital
• intensive care🔊nounspecial treatment provided for someone who is seriously injured or is extremely ill
• self-care🔊nounthe action of taking care of oneself by exercising, eating good food, and sleeping well to improve or maintain health
• physical therapy🔊nouna type of medical treatment that uses physical techniques such as massages, exercises, etc. rather than drugs
• traditional medicine🔊nouna type of medical treatment that is primarily based on cultural practices and beliefs from previous generations
• alternative medicine🔊nounany type of treatment such as herbalism, faith healing, etc. that does not follow the usual methods of Western medicine
• acupuncture🔊nouna method of treatment in which thin needles are inserted in specific spots on the body, originated in China
• mental health🔊nounthe well-being of a person's mind
• insurance🔊nounthe arrangement with an institute or agency according to which they guarantee to make up for the damages in the event of an accident or loss
• anesthetic🔊nouna type of drug that makes the whole or part of the body unable to feel pain when administered
• treatment🔊nounan action that is done to relieve pain or cure a disease, wound, etc.
• medicine🔊nouna substance that treats injuries or illnesses
• heal🔊verbto become healthy again
• cure🔊verbto make someone regain their health
• revive🔊verbto make a person become conscious again
• therapy🔊nounthe systematic treatment of a disease, injury, or disorder through medical, rehabilitative, or remedial methods
• isolate🔊verbto keep a person or an animal apart to stop a contagious illness from spreading
• side effect🔊nouna secondary effect of any drug or medicine, usually an undesirable one
• resistance🔊nounthe ability of a person, organism or microorganism to withstand or defend against diseases, drugs, toxins, or environmental stress
• practice🔊nounthe professional work or business of a doctor, lawyer, dentist, or other experts providing services to clients or patients
• prescription🔊nounthe written instructions of a doctor that allow the patient to get the medicines needed
• antibiotic🔊nouna medicine that kills or stops the growth of bacteria
• recovery🔊nounthe gradual process of healing or regaining strength after illness, injury, or exertion
• conventional🔊adjectiverelating to treatment of diseases using standard, widely accepted methods of modern medicine, such as drugs, surgery, or established clinical procedures
• antidepressant🔊nouna drug that is used to treat people who feel extremely sad and anxious
• hygiene🔊nounthe steps one takes to promote health and avoid disease, particularly by cleaning things or being clean

Medical Examinations and Procedures34 words

• incision🔊nouna surgical cut made in flesh or skin
• CT scan🔊nouna medical examination during which a series of detailed pictures of areas inside the body is created by the use of a computer linked to an X-ray machine
• X-ray🔊nounan image of the inside of a body created using X-rays
• magnetic resonance imaging🔊nouna technique in which a powerful magnetic field is used to produce detailed images of areas inside the body
• ultrasound🔊nounthe application of ultrasonic waves for medical purposes, such as producing an image of a growing fetus
• surgical🔊adjectiverelated to or involving medical procedures that involve making incisions in the body to treat injuries, diseases, or deformities
• implant🔊verbto insert a living tissue or an artificial object into the body via medical procedure
• nose job🔊nouna surgical procedure performed on someone's nose that changes its appearance to make it look more attractive
• plastic surgery🔊nouna medical operation performed on a part of the body in order to improve its appearance or repair skin injury
• diagnosis🔊nounthe identification of the nature and cause of an illness or other problem
• operable🔊adjective(of a medical condition) treatable with surgery
• bandage🔊verbto cover a wound or part of the body with a piece of cloth for protection
• hospitalization🔊nounthe act of admitting a patient into a hospital for clinical care, observation, or treatment
• surgeon🔊nouna doctor who performs medical operation
• paramedic🔊nouna trained individual who provides emergency medical care to people before taking them to the hospital
• psychiatrist🔊nouna medical doctor who specializes in the treatment of mental illnesses or behavioral disorders
• checkup🔊nouna complete medical examination of the body to see if there are any health issues
• examination🔊nounthe process of looking closely at something to identify any issues
• procedure🔊nounan operation performed by medical professionals to diagnose, treat, etc. a medical condition or injury
• operate🔊verbto cut open a part of the body in order to repair or remove a damaged organ
• medical🔊adjectiverelated to medicine, treating illnesses, and health
• sample🔊nouna small amount of a substance taken from a larger amount used for scientific analysis or therapeutic experiment
• medical🔊nouna careful and complete physical assessment of a person's health
• scan🔊verb(of a medical device) to take a picture of a body part often using X-rays for detailed examinations by a specialist
• surgery🔊nouna medical practice that involves cutting open a body part in order to repair, remove, etc. an organ
• abortion🔊nounthe unintentional expulsion of an embryo or fetus from the uterus before it can survive independently, occurring naturally
• caesarean section🔊nouna medical procedure to deliver a baby by cutting the belly of the mother
• transplant🔊verbto surgically remove an organ from someone's body and put it in someone else's body
• stitch🔊verbto join the edges of a wound together by a thread and needle
• screen🔊verbto examine and test a person in order to check if they are sick or not
• diagnose🔊verbto find out the cause of a problem or disease that a person has by examining the symptoms
• plaster🔊verbto encase a part of the body in plaster
• specialist🔊nouna doctor who is highly trained in a particular area of medicine
• therapist🔊nouna professional trained in providing a specific form of therapy, physical, mental, or otherwise

Physical Conditions and Injuries33 words

• allergy🔊nouna medical condition in which one's body severely reacts to a specific substance if it is inhaled, touched, or ingested
• nausea🔊nounthe feeling of discomfort in the stomach, often with the urge to vomit
• wound🔊nounan injury inflicted on the body especially one that seriously damages the skin or the flesh
• bruise🔊nounan injury on the skin that appears as a dark mark, caused by a blow involving the rupture of vessels underneath
• scar🔊nouna mark that is left on one's skin after a wound or cut has healed
• migraine🔊nouna severe recurring type of headache, particularly affecting one side of the head, and often causing visual disturbances and nausea
• obesity🔊nounthe condition of having such a high amount of body fat that it becomes very dangerous for one's health
• overdose🔊verbto take an excessive and dangerous amount of a drug or medicine
• vomit🔊verbto eject what has been eaten or drunk through the mouth
• dizzy🔊adjectiveunable to keep one's balance and feeling as though everything is circling around one, caused by an illness or looking down from a high place
• faint🔊verbto suddenly lose consciousness from a lack of oxygen in the brain, which is caused by a shock, etc.
• relapse🔊verbto become sick again after an improvement in one's health
• coma🔊nouna state of deep unconsciousness, typically of a long duration and caused by a serious injury or severe illness
• outbreak🔊nounthe unexpected start of something terrible, such as a disease
• infect🔊verbto transmit a disease to a person, animal, or plant
• feverish🔊adjectivehaving or caused by a fever
• dehydration🔊nouna harmful state in which the body has lost a lot of water
• sprain🔊verb(of a ligament) to be suddenly twisted, which results in much pain
• agony🔊nounsevere physical or mental pain
• epidemic🔊nounthe rapid spread of an infectious disease within a specific population, community, or region, affecting a significant number of individuals at the same time
• dependent🔊adjectivenot able to stop taking or using something
• unconscious🔊adjective(of a person) unresponsive and unaware of the surroundings, usually due to an illness or injury
• fit🔊nouna sudden episode in which the body shakes uncontrollably
• swell🔊verbto become rounder or larger, particularly due to an increase in the amount of fluid
• shiver🔊verbto shake slightly and repeatedly because of cold
• collapse🔊verb(of a person) to fall and become unconscious
• complication🔊nouna secondary health condition that makes the treatment of the existing condition harder
• develop🔊verbto start to have a particular disease or problem
• severe🔊adjectivevery harsh or intense
• acute🔊adjective(of an illness) suddenly becoming severe but for a short time
• scratch🔊nouna small cut on the skin caused by something sharp, like a fingernail, thorn, or rough surface
• burn🔊nouna mark or injury that is caused by exposure to fire, acid, heat, etc.
• pandemic🔊nouna disease that spreads across a large region or even across the world

Mental Disorders32 words

• dementia🔊nouna mental condition that happens when the brain is damaged by disease or injury, causing memory loss and impairing the ability to think or make decisions
• autism🔊nouna disorder that begins in early childhood, causing behavioral, social, and communication challenges
• hyperactivity🔊nouna state where a person is unusually active, is unable to stay focused or quiet for long, experienced mostly by children
• attention deficit hyperactivity disorder🔊nouna condition, experienced mostly by children, making them seem restless, unable to keep focus, and act impulsively
• obsessive-compulsive disorder🔊nouna disorder causing a person to have recurring unwanted thoughts or to do something such as cleaning or checking on something over and over
• post-traumatic stress disorder🔊nouna disorder that is formed in a person who has experienced a very shocking or frightening event, causing them to have nightmares or flashbacks from the event
• panic attack🔊nouna disorder causing one to suddenly feel intense anxiety or fear
• paranoia🔊nounan unreasonable and persistent fear that others want to harm you
• personality disorder🔊nounany mental illness characterized by different patterns of social behavior, inability to form healthy interpersonal relationships and to function normally in society
• psychopath🔊nounsomeone with a severe mental condition that makes them prone to violent or antisocial behavior
• sociopath🔊nounsomeone with a mental condition characterized by impulsive behavior, impaired remorse, and indifference to other people's feelings
• schizophrenia🔊nouna chronic mental disorder in which a person's ability to think, feel or behave is affected, often associated with the distortion of reality
• borderline personality disorder🔊nouna mental illness that causes a person to act impulsively, to experience severe shifts in mood, and to be unable to form interpersonal relationships
• bipolar disorder🔊nouna chronic mental health condition marked by episodes of mania and depression
• dissociative identity disorder🔊nouna psychological condition in which there are more than one personality in a person, each personality has different memories and patterns of behavior
• insomnia🔊nouna disorder in which one is unable to sleep or stay asleep
• amnesia🔊nouna severe medical condition that leads to partial or complete loss of memory
• egomania🔊nouna mental condition in which one is abnormally self-centered and self-interested
• self-harm🔊nounthe action of intentionally harming oneself, usually as a result of a mental disorder
• masochistic🔊adjectivegaining sexual satisfaction from being physically or mentally harmed or controlled
• sadistic🔊adjectivefinding pleasure, particularly sexual pleasure in hurting or humiliating others
• disorder🔊nouna disease, illness, or medical condition that impairs normal physical or mental function
• anxiety🔊noun(psychiatry) a mental disorder of constant nervousness and worry, in which one expects something bad to happen with no valid reason
• mental🔊adjectiverelating to the health or state of the mind, including aspects of emotional, psychological, and cognitive well-being
• depression🔊nouna state characterized by constant feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and a lack of enegry or interest in activities
• mania🔊nounmental condition that causes extreme and unusual changes in one's energy level, mood, or emotions
• paranoid🔊adjectivesuffering from a mental condition that causes one to believe other people are trying to harm one
• psychotic🔊adjective(of a mental condition) affecting brain processes so severely that makes one unable to tell the difference between reality and fantasy
• trauma🔊nouna medical condition of the mind caused by extreme shock, which could last for a very long time
• instability🔊nountendency to unpredictable changes of mood or to behave erratically
• complex🔊nouna group of partly or completely repressed emotions or impulses that affect a person's behavior and patterns of thought
• suicidal🔊adjectivedangerous and likely to be fatal; likely to cause a disaster

Physical Disabilities and Illnesses25 words

• disability🔊nouna physical or mental condition that prevents a person from using some part of their body completely or learning something easily
• impairment🔊nouna state or condition in which a part of one's body or brain does not work properly
• AIDS🔊nouna serious disease caused by a virus that attacks the body's immune system and weakens it, can cause death in severe cases
• asthma🔊nouna disease that causes shortness of breath and difficulty in breathing
• cancer🔊nouna serious disease caused by the uncontrolled growth of cells in a part of the body that may spread to other parts
• cholera🔊nouna potentially fatal illness that is acquired from consumption of water or food contaminated with particular bacteria, causing diarrhea and vomiting
• measles🔊nouna contagious disease that causes high fever and small red spots on the body, common in children
• diabetes🔊nouna serious medical condition in which the body is unable to regulate the blood sugar levels because it does not produce enough insulin
• chickenpox🔊nouna contagious disease that causes a mild fever and an itchy rash with blisters, primarily affects children
• Covid-19🔊nounan infectious disease caused by a type of virus called coronavirus that causes fever, tiredness, a cough, etc., and in some cases can kill, originated in China and later became a pandemic
• seasickness🔊nounwooziness and nausea caused by the rocking motion of a boat or ship
• heart attack🔊nouna medical emergency that happens when blood flow to the heart is suddenly blocked, which is fatal in some cases
• deafness🔊nounthe state or condition of being totally or partially unable to hear
• blindness🔊nounthe condition or state of being completely or partially unable to see
• tuberculosis🔊nouna potentially severe bacterial disease that primarily affects the lungs and causes swellings to appear on them or other parts of the body
• special needs🔊nounparticular requirements that a person has, especially an individual with physical, emotional, or mental disability
• syndrome🔊nouna group of medical signs that indicate a person is suffering from a particular disease or condition
• plague🔊nouna dangerous disease spread by rats that causes fever and swellings, often kills if infected
• stroke🔊nouna dangerous condition in which a person loses consciousness as a result of a blood vessel breaking open or becoming blocked in their brain, which could kill or paralyze a part of their body
• infection🔊nounthe act in which a disease-causing organism, such as a virus or parasite, causes a particular illness
• shock🔊nouna critical physical state in which the body fails to circulate blood effectively, leading to low oxygen delivery and potential organ collapse
• genetic🔊adjective(of diseases) passed on from one's parents
• fatal🔊adjectiveresulting in death
• disabled🔊adjectivecompletely or partial inability to use a part of one's body or mind, caused by an illness, injury, etc.
• handicap🔊nouna condition that impairs a person's mental or physical functions

Geography33 words

• geology🔊nouna field of science that studies the structure of the earth and its history
• latitude🔊nounan imaginary horizontal circle around the Earth parallel to the equator, used to measure north-south position
• longitude🔊nounthe distance of a point east or west of the meridian at Greenwich that is measured in degrees
• tropic🔊nouneither of the two imaginary lines around the Earth located about 23° north and south of the equator
• horizon🔊nounthe line where the sky and earth seem to come in contact with each other
• equator🔊nouna hypothetical line around the Earth that divides it into Northern and Southern hemispheres
• peninsula🔊nouna large body of land that is partially surrounded by water but is attached to a larger area of land
• highland🔊nounland with mountains or hills
• hilly🔊adjectivehaving many hills
• terrain🔊nounan area of land, particularly in reference to its physical or natural features
• ravine🔊nouna deep narrow valley with steep sides, usually worn by a stream
• coastal🔊adjectiverelated to or situated along the coast, the area where land meets the sea
• lava🔊nouna substance from the inner layers of the earth which is erupted out of a volcanic mountain
• iceberg🔊nouna very large floating piece of ice
• glacier🔊nouna large mass of ice that forms over long periods of time, especially in polar regions or high mountains
• canyon🔊nouna valley that is deep and has very steep sides, through which a river is flowing usually
• reef🔊nouna ridge of rock or a line of sand near the surface of a body of water
• coral reef🔊nouna natural underwater structure formed by coral
• pond🔊nounan area containing still water that is comparatively smaller than a lake, particularly one that is made artificially
• hemisphere🔊nounone of the two halves of the Earth, separated by the equator or a meridian
• altitude🔊nounthe distance between an object or point and sea level
• continental🔊adjectiverelating to or characteristic of any continent
• tropical🔊adjectiveassociated with or characteristic of the tropics, regions of the Earth near the equator known for their warm climate and lush vegetation
• inland🔊adjectivelocated away from the coast
• slope🔊nouna raised landform, hill, or incline
• pole🔊nounthe most northern or most southern points of the earth that are joined by its axis of rotation
• branch🔊nouna smaller part of a river that is separated from the main and larger part
• current🔊nounthe flow or movement of water or a liquid in a specific direction
• tide🔊nounthe rise and fall of the sea level, which happens regularly, as a result of the attraction of the sun and moon
• gulf🔊nounan area of sea that is partly surrounded by land, with a narrow opening
• crater🔊nounthe round top of a volcano
• marine🔊adjectiverelated to the sea and the different life forms that exist there
• peak🔊nounthe pointed top of a mountain

Space34 words

• universe🔊nounall that exists in the physical world, such as space, planets, galaxies, etc.
• cosmos🔊nounthe universe, particularly when it is thought of as a systematic whole
• galaxy🔊nouna large number of star systems bound together by gravitational force
• astronomy🔊nouna branch of science that studies space, planets, etc.
• the Milky Way🔊nouna pale band of light seen in the sky at night that contains the solar system and billions of other stars
• solar system🔊nounthe sun and the group of planets orbiting around it, including the earth
• gravity🔊noun(physics) the universal force of attraction between any pair of objects with mass
• astronomer🔊nouna scientist who studies or observes planets, stars, and other happenings in the universe
• solar🔊adjectiverelated to the sun
• lunar🔊adjectiverelating to the moon
• big bang🔊nounthe explosion that, according to most scientists, caused the existence of the universe
• comet🔊nounan object in space that is a mass of ice and dust and when it nears the sun it starts illuminating in the shape of a tail
• cosmic🔊adjectiverelated to the universe and the vast space outside the earth
• meteor🔊nouna piece of rock coming from outer space that passes through the Earth's atmosphere, producing light
• meteorite🔊nouna piece of rock or metal from space that has hit the surface of the earth
• eclipse🔊nouna period during which the sun or moon is temporarily obscured by the shadow of another celestial body
• satellite🔊nounan object sent into space to travel around the earth and send or receive information
• orbit🔊verbto move around a star, planet, or a large object in space
• astronaut🔊nounsomeone who is trained to travel and work in space
• spacecraft🔊nouna vehicle designed to travel in space
• countdown🔊nounthe act of counting numbers backwards to zero before the launch of a missile or spacecraft
• unidentified flying object🔊nouna mysterious object that some people claim to have seen flying around in the sky and assume that it is a spaceship from another world
• voyage🔊nouna long journey taken on a ship or spacecraft
• NASA🔊nouna US government agency responsible for space travel and the study of space
• light year🔊nounthe distance that a beam of light travels in a year, equal to 9.46 trillion kilometers
• aerospace🔊nounthe earth's atmosphere and the space beyond it
• constellation🔊nouna specific group of stars that form a pattern and have a name related to their shape
• black hole🔊nouna place in the space with such high gravity that pulls in everything, even light
• alien🔊nouna creature that is believed to exist in other worlds or planets
• rotation🔊nouna single complete circular movement around an axis or along an orbit
• rocket🔊nouna propulsion device with its own fuel that produces thrust through reaction forces
• mission🔊nounan operation carried out in space
• launch🔊verbto send an object, such as a satellite, missile, etc., into space
• ray🔊nouna column of light, such as that emitted from a beacon or focused source

The Environment and Weather37 words

• ecosystem🔊nouna community of living organisms together with their physical environment, interacting as a system
• environmentalism🔊nounprovision of care for the environment
• fossil fuel🔊nouna fuel that is found in nature and obtained from the remains of plants and animals that died millions of years ago, such as coal and gas
• alternative fuel🔊nounany fuel that can be used instead of fossil fuels
• zero-emission🔊adjective(of a vehicle) not producing gases harmful to the environment
• environmentally friendly🔊adjectivereferring to actions, products, or practices that aim to preserve or protect the natural environment
• biodegradable🔊adjective(of an object) able to be broken down by living organisms such as bacteria, which is then safe for the environment
• eco-friendly🔊adjectivereferring to products, actions, or practices that are designed to cause minimal harm to the environment
• preservation🔊nounthe action of keeping something the way it is or in good condition
• nonrenewable🔊adjective(of a natural resource or source of energy) existing in limited amounts and not replaceable after being used
• acid rain🔊nounrain containing a great deal of acidic chemicals, caused by air pollution, which can harm the environment
• carbon footprint🔊nounthe amount of carbon dioxide that an organization or person releases into the atmosphere
• climate change🔊nouna permanent change in global or regional climate patterns, including temperature, wind, and rainfall
• wildfire🔊nouna large fire that spreads fast and causes much destruction
• tsunami🔊nouna very high wave or series of waves caused by an undersea earthquake or volcanic eruption
• pollutant🔊nounany substance that is harmful to the environment
• greenhouse effect🔊nouna global problem that is caused by the increase of harmful gases such as carbon dioxide which results in gradual warming of the earth
• smog🔊nouna combination of smoke and fog that is considered a form of air pollution
• ozone layer🔊nouna layer of gases in the earth's atmosphere that does not let the sun's ultraviolet radiation pass through
• eruption🔊nounthe sudden outburst of lava and steam from a volcanic mountain
• deforestation🔊nounthe extensive removal of forests, typically causing environmental damage
• contaminate🔊verbto make a place, substance, etc. dirty or harmful by adding dangerous material
• blizzard🔊nouna storm with heavy snowfall and strong winds
• Fahrenheit🔊adjectiverelated to or using a temperature scale on which water boils at 212° and freezes at 32°
• centigrade🔊adjectiverelated to or using a temperature scale on which water boils at 100° and freezes at 0°
• humid🔊adjective(of the climate) having a lot of moisture in the air, causing an uncomfortable and sticky feeling
• monsoon🔊nouna period in the summer during which wind blows and rain falls in India or other hot South Asian countries
• thunder🔊nounthe loud crackling noise that is heard from the sky during a storm
• ecology🔊nounthe scientific study of the environment or the interrelation of living creatures and the way they affect each other
• sanctuary🔊nounan area for birds and animals to live and to be protected from dangerous conditions and being hunted
• green belt🔊nouna strip of open land around a city where construction is prohibited in order to protect the environment
• reserve🔊nounan area in which animals, etc. are protected
• sustainable🔊adjectiveusing natural resources in a way that causes no harm to the environment
• refine🔊verbto remove unwanted or harmful substances from another substance
• conservation🔊nounthe protection of the natural environment and resources from wasteful human activities
• toxic🔊adjectiveconsisting of poisonous substances
• consumption🔊nounthe act of using up something, such as resources, energy, or materials

The Animal Kingdom32 words

• creature🔊nounany living thing that is able to move on its own, such as an animal, fish, etc.
• wildlife🔊nounall wild animals, considered as a whole, living in the natural environment
• species🔊nouna group that animals, plants, etc. of the same type which are capable of producing healthy offspring with each other are divided into
• habitat🔊nounthe place or area in which certain animals, birds, or plants naturally exist, lives, and grows
• saltwater🔊adjectiveliving in or taken from water that contains salt or seawater
• beast🔊nounan animal, usually a wild or dangerous one
• mammal🔊nouna class of animals to which humans, cows, lions, etc. belong, have warm blood, fur or hair and typically produce milk to feed their young
• rodent🔊nounany small mammal with a pair of strong front teeth, such as mice, hamsters, rats, etc.
• amphibian🔊nounany cold-blooded animal with the ability to live both on land and in water, such as toads, frogs, etc.
• reptile🔊nouna class of animals to which crocodiles, lizards, etc. belong, characterized by having cold blood and scaly skin
• primate🔊nounany mammalian animal that belongs to the same group as humans, such as monkeys, apes, lemurs, etc.
• venom🔊nouna toxic substance produced and secreted by certain animals, typically used for defense or hunting
• camouflage🔊verbto blend in with the surroundings to avoid being seen or detected
• cub🔊nouna young carnivorous mammal, such as a bear, lion, fox, etc.
• flock🔊nouna group of birds of the same type, flying and feeding together
• herd🔊nouna group of animals, such as cows, sheep, etc. that are from the same species, which move and feed together
• claw🔊nouna sharp and curved nail on the toe of an animal or a bird
• domesticate🔊verbto change wild animals or plants for human use or cultivation
• extinct🔊adjective(of an animal, plant, etc.) not having any living members, either due to natural causes, environmental changes, or human activity
• veterinarian🔊nouna doctor who is trained to treat animals
• freshwater🔊adjectiveliving in or taken from water that does not contain salt
• ape🔊nouna tailless animal similar to a monkey, such as chimpanzees and gorillas
• sting🔊verb(of an animal or insect) to pierce the skin of another animal or a human, typically injecting poison, either in self-defense or while preying
• breed🔊verb(of an animal) to have sex and give birth to young
• lay🔊verb(of a bird, insect, fish, etc.) to produce eggs
• mate🔊nounthe partner of an animal, especially for reproduction
• den🔊nounthe hidden place where a wild predatory animal lives
• pack🔊nouna group of animals of the same type hunting or living together, particularly wolves
• paw🔊nounan animal's foot that typically has a combination of nails, claws, fur, and pads
• beak🔊nounthe hard or pointed part of a bird's mouth
• call🔊nounthe sound that a bird or an animal usually makes
• migrate🔊verb(of fish, birds, or other animals) to move to different geographic areas according to seasons in order to breed, find food, or escape harsh environmental conditions

The Art World37 words

• ceramics🔊nounthe process or art of making objects out of clay that are heated to become resistant
• graffiti🔊nounpictures or words that are drawn on a public surface such as walls, doors, trains, etc.
• illustration🔊nouna picture or drawing in a book, or other publication, particularly one that makes the understanding of something easier
• sketch🔊verbto produce an elementary and quick drawing of someone or something
• clay🔊nouna type of heavy and sticky soil that is molded when wet and is baked to become hardened in pottery or ceramic making
• Renaissance🔊nounthe period between the 14th and 16th centuries in Europe, marked by a rise of interest in Greek and Roman cultures, which is dominant in the art, philosophy, etc. of the times
• symbolic🔊adjectiveconsisting of or employing symbols
• foreground🔊nounthe part of a scene, photograph, etc. that is closest to the observer
• masterpiece🔊nouna piece of art created with great skill, which is an artist's best work
• collector🔊nounsomeone who gathers things, as a job or hobby
• curator🔊nounsomeone who is in charge of a museum, taking care of a collection, artwork, etc.
• decorative🔊adjectiveintended to look attractive rather than being of practical use
• sculptor🔊nounsomeone who makes works of art by carving or shaping stone, wood, clay, metal, etc. into different forms
• sculpture🔊nounthe art of shaping and engraving clay, stone, etc. to create artistic objects or figures
• pottery🔊nounthe skill or activity of making dishes, pots, etc. using clay
• oil painting🔊nounthe art or technique of painting with oil paint
• watercolor🔊nounthe method or practice of creating paintings using pigments mixed with water
• graphics🔊nounthe designs, pictures or drawings that are used in publications
• landscape🔊nouna style of painting that deals with the nature
• abstract🔊adjective(of a form of art) showing forms, colors, or shapes that do not represent real-world objects, focusing on ideas or emotions instead
• artistic🔊adjectiveinvolving artists or their work
• classical🔊adjectiverelated to the language, literature, art, or culture of ancient Rome and Greece
• capture🔊verbto manage to express a mood, quality, scene, etc. accurately in a piece of art
• carve🔊verbto shape or create by cutting or sculpting, often using tools or a sharp instrument
• realistic🔊adjectivedepicting things as what they are in real life
• viewpoint🔊nouna physical location from which a scene, landscape, or object can be looked at
• figure🔊nouna recreation of a human or animal body in sculpture or drawing
• pose🔊verbto maintain a specific posture in order to be photographed or painted
• canvas🔊nouna piece of cloth that artists paint on, especially with oil paints
• palette🔊nouna thin oval board that a painter uses to mix colors and hold pigments on, with a hole for the thumb to go through
• contrast🔊noundifferences in color or in brightness and darkness that an artist uses in a painting or photograph to create a special effect
• harmony🔊nouna pleasing combination of things in a way that forms a coherent whole
• inspiration🔊nounsomething created through original thought and effort
• auction🔊nouna public sale in which goods or properties are sold to the person who bids higher
• bid🔊nouna stated amount of money offered to purchase something, often in competitive settings
• exhibit🔊verbto present or show something publicly to inform or entertain an audience
• contemporary🔊adjectivebelonging to the current era

Cinema and Theater40 words

• ballet🔊nouna form of performing art that narrates a story using complex dance movements set to music but no words
• Broadway🔊nouna well-known street in New York City where many theaters are located, which is considered the center of theater industry in the US
• feature film🔊nouna full-length movie that has a story
• sequel🔊nouna book, movie, play, etc. that continues and extends the story of an earlier one
• blockbuster🔊nouna thing that achieves great widespread popularity or financial success, particularly a movie, book, or other product
• cue🔊verbto give a hint, signal, or prompt to a performer to act, speak, or continue
• camerawork🔊nounthe style in which a movie is shot
• dress rehearsal🔊nounthe final practice of a play or live show, in which the same costumes and lights are used as the live performance
• animated🔊adjective(of images or drawings in a movie) made to appear as if they are in motion
• genre🔊nouna style of art, music, literature, film, etc. that has its own special features
• screenplay🔊nounthe script and written instructions used in producing a motion picture
• spotlight🔊nouna very strong beam of light that can be cast on someone or something, particularly a person on stage
• climax🔊nounthe most significant moment in a story, play, movie, etc. with a high dramatic suspense
• subtitle🔊nountranscribed or translated words of the narrative or dialogues of a movie or TV show, appearing at the bottom of the screen to help deaf people or those who do not understand the language
• theme music🔊nounthe musical piece that is played at the beginning or the end of a TV or radio program or a motion picture
• critic🔊nounsomeone who evaluates and provides opinions or judgments about various forms of art, literature, performances, or other creative works
• comedian🔊nounsomeone whose job is making their audience laugh through jokes
• trailer🔊nouna selection from different parts of a movie, TV series, games, etc. shown before they become available to the public
• classic🔊nouna well-known and highly respected piece of writing, music, or movie that is considered valuable and of high quality
• stage🔊verbto present a play or other event to an audience
• cast🔊verbto choose a performer to play a role in a movie, opera, play, etc.
• adapt🔊verbto change a book or play in a way that can be made into a movie, TV series, etc.
• adaptation🔊nouna movie, TV program, etc. that is based on a book or play
• cut🔊verbto edit a film and prepare it by removing or reordering parts of it
• release🔊verbto make a movie, music, etc. available to the public
• box office🔊nounthe place where tickets for admission to an event are sold
• rehearse🔊verbto practice a play, piece of music, etc. before the public performance
• portray🔊verbto play the role of a character in a movie, play, etc.
• narrate🔊verbto explain the events taking place in a movie, documentary, etc. as part of the program itself
• direction🔊nounthe act of supervising the cast and crew and giving them instructions in the production of a motion picture, play, etc.
• dub🔊verbto change the original language of a movie or TV show into another language
• dramatic🔊adjectiverelated to acting, plays, or the theater
• footage🔊nounthe raw material that is filmed by a video or movie camera
• scenario🔊nouna written description of the characters, events, or settings in a movie or play
• act🔊nouna main part of a play, opera, or ballet
• interval🔊nouna short break between different parts of a theatrical or musical performance
• lead🔊nounan actor who plays the main role in a play or movie
• stunt🔊nouna dangerous and difficult action that shows great skill and is done to entertain people, typically as part of a movie
• twist🔊nounan unexpected turn in the course of events
• backstory🔊nounthe events that have happened to a character before their story in a book, movie, etc. begins

Music32 words

• instrumental🔊adjective(of music) made only by instruments and without vocals
• tune🔊nouna sequence of musical notes arranged in a specific order to create a recognizable piece of music
• soundtrack🔊nounthe recorded sounds, speeches, or music of a movie, play, or musical
• amplifier🔊nounan electronic device that strengthens electrical signals or causes sounds to get louder
• duo🔊nouna musical work for two singers or players
• recital🔊nouna public performance of music or poetry by an individual or a small group
• composer🔊nouna person who writes music as their profession
• acoustic🔊adjective(of a musical instrument) making a sound that is natural, not amplified
• vinyl🔊nouna record made of synthetic resin or plastic, used in the past before CDs became popular
• orchestra🔊nouna group of musicians playing various instruments gathered and organized to perform a classic piece
• verse🔊nouna series of lines forming a unit in a song or poem
• chorus🔊nouna section of a song or poem that follows each verse
• beat🔊nouna piece of music's or a poem's main rhythm
• choir🔊nouna group of singers who perform together, particularly in religious ceremonies or in public
• compose🔊verbto write a musical piece
• conduct🔊verbto direct a choir or orchestra using special movements of the hands
• conductor🔊nounsomeone who guides and directs an orchestra
• note🔊nouna written sign or symbol indicating a single tone of particular pitch and length made by a vocal or musical instrument
• flat🔊adjective(of a musical note) being a semitone lower than the note mentioned
• sharp🔊adjective(of a musical note) a half step higher than a particular note
• harmony🔊nounnotes of music played or sung in a combination that produces a pleasing effect
• major🔊adjectivebased on a scale in which the interval between the third and the fourth notes and the seventh and the eighth notes is a half step
• minor🔊adjectivebased on a scale in which the interval between the second and the third notes, the fifth and the sixth notes and the seventh and eighth notes is a half step
• pitch🔊nounthe degree of highness or lowness of a tone that is determined by the frequency of waves producing it
• rhythm🔊nouna strong repeated pattern of musical notes or sounds
• tempo🔊nounthe speed that a piece of music is or should be played at
• meter🔊nounthe arrangement of unstressed and stressed syllables in a verse that produces the rhythm
• string🔊nouna cord of stretched wire, nylon, etc. on a musical instrument that is plucked to produce sound
• pluck🔊verbto play a string instrument, such as a guitar, using the fingers or a plectrum
• scale🔊nounan arrangement of a series of musical notes with specified intervals, in ascending or descending pitch order
• solo🔊nouna musical piece written for one singer or instrument
• single🔊nouna CD or a musical record that has only one main song, often released separately from an album to promote it

Literature32 words

• anecdote🔊nouna short interesting story about a real event or person, often biographical
• prose🔊nounspoken or written language in its usual form, in contrast to poetry
• storyline🔊nounthe plot of a movie, play, novel, etc.
• tale🔊nouna true or imaginary story, particularly one that is full of exciting events
• playwright🔊nounsomeone who writes plays for the TV, radio, or theater
• poetic🔊adjectiverelating to poetry as a form of expression or literature
• mythical🔊adjectiverelating or based on myths or legendary stories
• symbolic🔊adjectiveconsisting of or employing symbols
• author🔊verbto be the writer of a book, article, etc.
• biography🔊nounthe story of someone's life that is written by another person
• autobiography🔊nounthe story of the life of a person, written by the same person
• metaphor🔊nouna figure of speech that compares two unrelated things to highlight their similarities and convey a deeper meaning
• narration🔊nounthe way of telling or explaining a story, particularly in a movie, novel, etc.
• bestseller🔊nounan item, especially a book, that is bought by a large number of people
• comic strip🔊nouna series of cartoons in boxes that narrate a story
• literary🔊adjectiverelated to literature, especially in terms of its style, structure, or content
• passage🔊nouna portion of written text, often of moderate length
• rhyme🔊nounagreement between the sound or the ending of a word and another word
• volume🔊nouna single publication that is part of a set of similar works
• publication🔊nounthe act of preparation and distribution of a book, magazine, piece of music, etc. to the public
• myth🔊nouna story involving the ancient history of a people, usually about heroes and supernatural events that could be unreal
• fiction🔊nouna type of literature about unreal people, events, etc.
• plot🔊nounthe events that are crucial to the formation and continuity of a story in a movie, play, novel, etc.
• legend🔊nounan old story that is sometimes considered historical although it is not usually proved to be true
• romance🔊nouna novel or movie about love
• tragic🔊adjective(of a literary piece) related to or characteristic of tragedy
• depict🔊verbto describe a specific subject, scene, person, etc.
• moving🔊adjectivecausing powerful emotions of sympathy or sorrow
• illustrate🔊verbto use pictures in a book, magazine, etc.
• compose🔊verbto write a literary piece with a lot of consideration
• draft🔊verbto write something for the first time that needs corrections for the final presentation
• comic🔊adjectiveconnected with or in the style of comedy

Broadcasting and Journalism31 words

• televise🔊verbto broadcast or show something on TV
• broadcast🔊verbto use airwaves to send out TV or radio programs
• censor🔊verbto remove parts of something such as a book, movie, etc. and prevent the public from accessing them for political, moral, or religious purposes
• correspondent🔊nounsomeone employed by a TV or radio station or a newspaper to report news from a particular country or on a particular matter
• columnist🔊nouna journalist who regularly writes articles on a particular subject for a newspaper or magazine
• journalism🔊nounthe profession of collecting and editing pieces of news and articles either to be published in a newspaper, magazine, etc. or broadcast
• news agency🔊nounan organization that gathers news stories for newspapers, TV, or radio stations
• newsroom🔊nouna place in radio or television stations or a newspaper office where news is reviewed and put together to be broadcast or published
• readership🔊nounthe number of people who read a particular magazine, newspaper, or book on a regular basis
• tabloid🔊nouna newspaper with smaller pages and many pictures, covering stories about famous people and not much serious news
• bulletin🔊nouna brief news program that is broadcast on the radio or television
• news conference🔊nouna meeting during which a very important person talks to journalists and answers their questions or makes a statement
• prime time🔊nounthe time at which the largest number of people are watching TV or listening to the radio
• pamphlet🔊nouna small book with a paper cover giving information about a particular subject
• air🔊verbto broadcast something or be broadcast on TV or radio
• screen🔊verbto show a video or film in a movie theater or on TV
• announce🔊verbto give information about a TV or radio program
• transmission🔊nounthe activity of transmitting a signal, a message or a program that is being broadcast on radio or television
• commentary🔊nouna spoken description of an event while it is taking place, particularly on TV or radio
• broadcast🔊nouna TV or radio program
• contribute🔊verbto write stories, articles, etc. for a newspaper or magazine
• coverage🔊nounthe reporting of specific news or events by the media
• editorial🔊nouna newspaper article expressing the views of the editor on a particular subject
• press🔊nounnewspapers, journalists, and magazines as a whole
• rating🔊nounthe estimated number of people who watch a TV show or listen to a radio program
• circulation🔊nounthe total number of copies of a newspaper or magazine distributed, including both sales and delivery to readers
• piece🔊nounan article or segment in a broadcast or publication
• reception🔊nounthe quality or the act of receiving radio, television or cellphone signals
• antenna🔊nouna device that is used to send and receive signals
• frequency🔊nounthe specific number of waves that pass a point every second
• panel🔊nouna group of people with special skills or knowledge who have been brought together to discuss, give advice, or make a decision about an issue

Food and Restaurant36 words

• flavor🔊nounthe specific taste that a type of food or drink has
• omelet🔊nouna dish that consists of eggs mixed together and cooked in a frying pan
• topping🔊nouna layer of food that is spread over the top of a dish to make it taste or look better
• supper🔊nouna meal eaten in the evening, typically lighter than dinner and often the last meal of the day
• appetizer🔊nouna small dish that is eaten before the main part of a meal
• self-service🔊adjective(of a restaurant, store, etc.) providing customers with the chance to serve themselves and then pay for it
• takeaway🔊nouna meal bought from a restaurant or store to be eaten somewhere else
• side dish🔊nounan extra amount of food that is served with the main course, such as salad
• brunch🔊nouna meal served late in the morning, as a combination of breakfast and lunch
• portion🔊nounan amount of food served to one person
• vinegar🔊nouna sour liquid that is commonly used in cooking, cleaning, or to preserve food
• herb🔊nouna plant with seeds, leaves, or flowers used for cooking or medicine, such as mint and parsley
• skim milk🔊nounmilk from which almost all the fat content has been removed
• margarine🔊nouna type of food similar to butter, made from vegetable oils or animal fats
• beverage🔊nouna drink that is not water
• sip🔊verbto drink a liquid by taking a small amount each time
• corkscrew🔊nouna small tool with a pointy spiral metal for pulling out corks from bottles
• bitter🔊adjectivehaving a strong taste that is unpleasant and not sweet
• stale🔊adjective(of food, particularly cake and bread) not fresh anymore, due to exposure to air or prolonged storage
• crispy🔊adjective(of food) having a firm, dry texture that makes a sharp, crunching sound when broken or bitten
• chunky🔊adjective(of food) having large pieces
• baguette🔊nouna loaf of bread that is narrow and long
• buffet🔊nouna meal with many dishes from which people serve themselves at a table and then eat elsewhere
• savory🔊adjectivepleasing or agreeable to the sense of taste
• cuisine🔊nouna method or style of cooking that is specific to a country or region
• beat🔊verbto repeatedly mix something using a spoon, fork, etc.
• stir🔊verbto move a spoon, etc. around in a liquid or other substance to completely mix it
• chili🔊nounthe red or green fruit of a particular type of pepper plant, used in cooking for its hot taste
• zucchini🔊nouna long and thin vegetable with dark green skin
• cereal🔊nounfood made from grain, eaten with milk particularly in the morning
• cocktail🔊nounan alcoholic drink made by mixing several drinks together
• tonic🔊nouna type of fizzy water that can be mixed with other drinks such as gin or vodka
• sparkling🔊adjective(of drinks) containing bubbles or carbonation
• still🔊adjective(of a drink) not having bubbles in it
• flat🔊adjective(of a fizzy drink) not having bubbles anymore
• neat🔊adjective(particularly of alcoholic drinks) not mixed with anything

Diet24 words

• dietary🔊adjectiverelated to the food and nutrition aspects of a person's diet
• low-carb🔊adjective(of food or a diet) having or containing fewer carbohydrates
• appetizing🔊adjective(of food) looking or smelling appealing and tasty, often making one eager to eat it
• low-fat🔊adjective(of food or a diet) having a low or lower amount of fat
• plant-based🔊adjective(of a diet or food) completely or mainly consisting of plants
• digestion🔊nouna process in the body in which food is broken into small substances to be absorbed
• appetite🔊nounthe feeling of wanting food
• cholesterol🔊nouna substance high in fat and found in blood and most body tissues, a high amount of which correlates with an increased risk of heart disease
• vitamin🔊nounnatural substances that are found in food, which the body needs in small amounts to remain healthy, such as vitamin A, B, etc.
• carbohydrate🔊nouna substance that consists of hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon that provide heat and energy for the body, found in foods such as bread, pasta, fruits, etc.
• calorie🔊nounthe unit used to measure the amount of energy that a food produces
• nutritionist🔊nounsomeone who is an expert in the field of food and nutrition
• diet🔊nouna set of food that is eaten to keep healthy, thin, etc.
• nutrition🔊nounfood that is essential to one's growth and health
• greasy🔊adjective(of food) containing or cooked in a lot of oil
• light🔊adjective(of food) low in sugar, fat, or other rich ingredients, which makes it easily digestible
• organic🔊adjective(of food or farming techniques) produced or done without any artificial or chemical substances
• rich🔊adjectivecontaining a high amount of fat, sugar, or other indulgent ingredients
• digest🔊verbto break down food in the body and to absorb its nutrients and necessary substances
• regime🔊nouna set of instructions given to someone regarding what they should eat or do to maintain or restore their health
• protein🔊nouna substance found in food such as meat, eggs, seeds, etc. which is an essential part of the diet and keeps the body strong and healthy
• fiber🔊nouna type of carbohydrate that cannot be broken down by the body and instead helps regulate bowel movements and maintain a healthy digestive system
• vegan🔊nounsomeone who does not consume or use anything that is produced from animals, such as meat, milk, or eggs
• vegetarian🔊nounsomeone who avoids eating meat

Agriculture and Plants36 words

• agricultural🔊adjectiverelated to the practice or science of farming
• growing season🔊nouna time of the year during which the plants have good condition to grow
• plow🔊verbto use a large farming equipment to dig the ground and make it ready for farming
• wheat🔊nounthe common grain that is used in making flour, taken from a cereal grass which is green and tall
• soy🔊nouna leguminous plant rich in protein, used for food, fodder, and protein replacement
• sugar cane🔊nouna type of tall tropical plant that sugar can be extracted from its stems
• barley🔊nouna single seed or grain of the cereal plant barley
• hay🔊nouncut and dried grass, for animals to feed on
• vineyard🔊nouna piece of land on which grapes are grown to make wine
• pest🔊nounan insect or small animal that destroys or damages crops, food, etc.
• pesticide🔊nouna type of chemical substance that is used for killing insects or small animals that damage food or crops
• livestock🔊nounanimals that are kept on a farm, such as cows, pigs, or sheep
• fertilizer🔊nouna chemical or natural material that is added to the soil to improve its productivity and help plants grow
• barn🔊nouna large farm building used to keep animals and store crops or feed
• greenhouse🔊nouna glass structure used for growing plants in and protecting them from cold weather
• bush🔊nouna type of plant small in size with several stems in the ground
• oak🔊nouna large tree, known for its strong wood and popular fruit
• peasant🔊nouna farmer who owns or rents a small piece of land, particularly in the past or in poorer countries
• cultivate🔊verbto grow plants or crops, especially for farming or commercial purposes
• yield🔊verb(of a farm or an industry) to grow or produce a crop or product
• harvest🔊nounthe amount of produce gathered from crops during one growing season
• plantation🔊nouna large piece of land used for growing sugar cane, coffee, tea, etc., particularly in a hot country
• raise🔊verbto grow or reproduce animals or plants
• produce🔊verbto raise or grow something naturally, in large numbers
• reap🔊verbto cut or gather a crop
• cereal🔊nounany food product made from the starchy grains of cereal grasses
• crop🔊nounall the fruit, wheat, etc. harvested during a season
• mill🔊nouna building in which flour is made out of grain
• dairy🔊nounmilk and milk products that are produced by mammals such as cows, goats, and sheep collectively
• fertilize🔊verbto increase productivity of the soil by spreading suitable substances on it
• stable🔊nouna building, typically found on a farm, designed to house horses
• bloom🔊verb(of a plant) to produce flowers and display them in full color
• bud🔊nouna part of a plant from which new flowers, leaves, or stems develop
• weed🔊nounany wild and unwanted plant that may harm the process of growth in a farm or garden
• root🔊nounthe underground part of a plant that absorbs water and minerals, sending it to other parts
• palm🔊nouna tropical tree with a big trunk and feather-like or fan-shaped leaves

Point of View35 words

• advocate🔊verbto publicly support or recommend something
• bias🔊nouna prejudice that prevents fair consideration of a situation
• controversial🔊adjectivecausing a lot of strong public disagreement or discussion
• counterargument🔊nounan opposing argument or viewpoint that challenges an idea or theory
• inference🔊nouna conclusion one reaches from the existing evidence or known facts
• argumentative🔊adjective(of a person) ready to argue and often arguing
• consistency🔊nounthe quality of always acting or being the same way, or having the same opinions or standards
• maintain🔊verbto firmly and persistently express an opinion, belief, or statement as true and valid
• hold🔊verbto have a specific opinion or belief about someone or something
• defend🔊verbto support someone or try to justify an action, plan, etc.
• calculate🔊verbto form an opinion by considering the information at hand
• dispute🔊verbto argue with someone, particularly over the ownership of something, facts, etc.
• generalize🔊verbto form a broad conclusion or principle by considering specific instances
• go against🔊verbto disagree with or not fit well with a specific rule, concept, or standard
• invoke🔊verbto mention someone or something of prominence as a support or reason for an argument or action
• stand🔊verbto have a certain opinion regarding an issue
• speculate🔊verbto form a theory or opinion about a subject without knowing all the facts
• differ🔊verbto disagree with someone or to hold different opinions, viewpoints, or beliefs
• contradict🔊verbto disagree with someone, particularly by asserting the opposite of their statement
• bet🔊verbto express confidence or certainty in something happening or being the case
• assessment🔊nounthe act of judging or evaluating someone or something carefully based on specific standards or principles
• assertion🔊nounthe act of claiming something or declaring something to be true
• oppose🔊verbto strongly disagree with a policy, plan, idea, etc. and try to prevent or change it
• object🔊verbto give a fact or an opinion as a reason against something
• inclined🔊adjectivehaving a tendency to do something
• moderate🔊adjective(of a person or ideology) not extreme or radical and considered reasonable by a majority of people
• mainstream🔊nounthe opinions, activities, or methods that are considered normal because they are accepted by a majority of people
• division🔊noundisagreement among members of a group or society
• objective🔊adjectivebased only on facts and not influenced by personal feelings or judgments
• subjective🔊adjectivebased on or influenced by personal feelings or opinions rather than facts
• arguable🔊adjectiveopen to question and disagreement
• affirmative🔊adjectivefavorable or supportive in attitude or response
• challenging🔊adjectiveintending to provoke thought or discussion
• hostile🔊adjectivestrongly opposing or resistant to something
• criticism🔊nounnegative feedback that highlights mistakes or areas for improvement

Cause and Effect34 words

• result🔊verbto directly cause something
• stem from🔊verbto originate from a particular source or factor
• surge🔊nouna sudden or abrupt rise in quantity, intensity, or activity
• rocket🔊verb(of a price, amount, etc.) to increase suddenly and significantly
• increasingly🔊adverbin a manner that is gradually growing in degree, extent, or frequency over time
• implication🔊nouna possible consequence that something can bring about
• contribution🔊nounsomeone or something's role in achieving a specific result, particularly a positive one
• causal🔊adjectiverelated to the relationship between two things in which one is the cause of the other
• trigger🔊verbto cause something to happen
• root🔊nounthe primary cause of something
• outcome🔊nounthe result or consequence of a situation, event, or action
• provoke🔊verbto give rise to a certain reaction or feeling, particularly suddenly
• raise🔊verbto provoke by bringing a feeling or memory into the mind
• responsible🔊adjectivebeing the main cause of something
• side effect🔊nouna result of a situation or action that was not meant to happen
• significantly🔊adverbto a noticeable or considerable extent
• plunge🔊verb(of prices, values, temperature, etc.) to suddenly decrease in a significant amount
• lower🔊verbto decrease in degree, amount, quality, or strength
• produce🔊verbto cause or bring about something
• product🔊nouna thing or person resulted from something particular
• ineffective🔊adjectivenot achieving the desired outcome or intended result
• jump🔊verb(particularly of a price, rate, etc.) to increase sharply
• leap🔊nouna sharp increase in something, such as price, etc.
• multiply🔊verbto significantly increase in quantity
• decline🔊verbto reduce in amount, size, intensity, etc.
• effectively🔊adverbin a way that results in the desired outcome
• consequently🔊adverbused to indicate a logical result or effect
• consequence🔊nounthe outcome or result of an event, especially as it affects an individual
• collapse🔊verb(of prices, shares, etc.) to suddenly decrease in terms of amount or value
• gain🔊verb(of currencies, prices, etc.) to increase in value
• following🔊prepositionused to indicate what happens as a result of something
• arise🔊verbto begin to exist or become noticeable
• climb🔊verbto increase in terms of amount, value, intensity, etc.
• boost🔊verbto increase or improve the progress, growth, or success of something

Certainty and Doubt24 words

• doubt🔊nouna feeling of disbelief or uncertainty about something
• hesitate🔊verbto pause before saying or doing something because of uncertainty or nervousness
• ensure🔊verbto make sure that something will happen
• speculative🔊adjectiveaccording to opinions or guesses instead of facts or evidence
• convinced🔊adjectivehaving a strong belief in something
• assumption🔊nounan idea or belief that one thinks is true without having a proof
• supposedly🔊adverbused to suggest that something is assumed to be true, often with a hint of doubt
• certainty🔊nounthe state of being sure about something, usually when there is proof
• confusion🔊nouna state of being confused and not having a clear understanding of an action, behavior, etc.
• confidence🔊nouna state of hopeful expectation that things will turn out favorably
• probability🔊nounthe likelihood or chance of an event occurring or being true
• suspect🔊verbto think that something is probably true, especially something bad, without having proof
• assure🔊verbto make someone feel confident or certain about someone or something
• hesitation🔊nouna feeling of doubt, uncertainty, or reluctance before acting
• conviction🔊nouna belief or opinion that is very strong
• guarantee🔊verbto make sure that something will occur
• expect🔊verbto think or believe that it is possible for something to happen or for someone to do something
• concrete🔊adjectiveaccording to facts instead of opinions
• bound🔊adjectivelikely to happen or sure to experience something
• tentative🔊adjectivenot firmly established or decided, with the possibility of changes in the future
• set🔊adjectiveprepared or likely prepared for something
• assume🔊verbto think that something is true without having proof or evidence
• doubtful🔊adjectiveimprobable or unlikely to happen or be the case
• dubious🔊adjectivecausing doubt or suspicion

Suggestions and Rules34 words

• counseling🔊nouna process of providing guidance, support, and advice to someone facing personal, emotional, or psychological challenges
• consultant🔊nounsomeone who gives professional advice on a given subject
• put forward🔊verbto present an idea, suggestion, etc. to be discussed
• alternatively🔊adverbas a second choice or another possibility
• feedback🔊nouninformation, criticism, or advice about a person's performance, a new product, etc. intended for improvement
• guidance🔊nounhelp and advice about how to solve a problem, given by someone who is knowledgeable and experienced
• hint🔊verbto indirectly suggest something
• mentor🔊verbto act as the supervisor or teacher of someone less experienced
• forbidden🔊adjectivenot permitted to be done
• compulsory🔊adjectiveforced to be done by law or authority
• to [be|feel] obliged {to do sth}🔊phraseto have a moral duty or be forced to do a particular thing, often due to legal reasons
• impose🔊verbto force someone to do what they do not want
• guideline🔊nouna principle or instruction based on which a person should behave or act in a particular situation
• restriction🔊nouna rule or law that limits what one can do or the thing that can happen
• prohibition🔊nounan official rule or law that forbids something
• prohibit🔊verbto formally forbid something from being done, particularly by law
• strictness🔊nounthe quality or characteristic of being uncompromising in enforcing rules, regulations, or standards
• commitment🔊nounthe state of being dedicated to someone or something
• compliance🔊nounthe act of following rules or regulations
• consult🔊verbto seek information or advice from someone, especially before making a decision or doing something
• proposal🔊nounsomething suggested or put forward for consideration, such as an idea, plan, or assumption
• proposition🔊nouna suggestion, plan, or proposal, especially in business or negotiation contexts
• challenge🔊verbto invite someone to compete or strongly suggest they should do something, often to test their abilities or encourage action
• act on🔊verbto adjust one's actions or behavior based on specific information, ideas, or advice
• urge🔊verbto strongly recommend something
• preach🔊verbto give advice to people about what they should or should not do in a way that might annoy or bore them
• due🔊adjective(of a payment, debt, etc.) scheduled or required to be paid immediately or at a specific time
• permit🔊verbto allow something or someone to do something
• obligation🔊nounan action that one must perform because they are legally or morally forced to do so
• regulation🔊nouna rule made by the government, an authority, etc. to control or govern something within a particular area
• requirement🔊nounan activity or action that must be performed
• observe🔊verbto comply with laws or regulations
• necessity🔊nounthe fact that something must happen or is needed
• violate🔊verbto disobey or break a regulation, an agreement, etc.

Pride and Prejudice29 words

• admiration🔊nouna feeling of much respect for and approval of someone or something
• admire🔊verbto express respect toward someone or something often due to qualities, achievements, etc.
• biased🔊adjectivehaving a preference or unfair judgment toward one side or viewpoint over others
• disgust🔊nouna strong feeling of distaste for someone or something
• preference🔊nouna tendency or predisposition to favor something over other options
• despise🔊verbto hate and have no respect for something or someone
• detest🔊verbto absolutely hate someone or something
• adore🔊verbto love and respect someone very much
• free will🔊nounthe idea that human beings have the agency to decide independently without being controlled by any outside influences
• dilemma🔊nouna situation that is difficult because a choice must be made between two or more options that are equally important
• compromise🔊nouna middle state between two opposing situations that is reached by slightly changing both of them, so that they can coexist
• repulsion🔊nounintense hatred or disgust
• grudge🔊nouna deep feeling of anger and dislike toward someone because of what they did in the past
• foe🔊nounan individual opponent or adversary
• picky🔊adjective(of a person) extremely careful with their choices and hard to please
• resentment🔊nouna lasting feeling of anger or bitterness because of unfair treatment
• taste🔊nounthe ability to recognize something with good quality or high standard, especially in art, style, beauty, etc., based on personal preferences
• favor🔊verbto treat someone better than someone else, especially in an unfair manner
• find🔊verb(of a law court) to make an official decision
• appeal🔊nounthe attraction and allure that makes one interesting
• please🔊verbto make someone satisfied or happy
• contest🔊verbto formally oppose or challenge a decision or a statement
• criteria🔊nounthe particular characteristics that are considered when evaluating something
• commit🔊verbto be dedicated to a person, cause, policy, etc.
• inflexible🔊adjectivereluctant to compromise or change one's attitude, belief, plan, etc.
• acceptable🔊adjectivecapable of being approved
• settle🔊verbto follow a more secure and stable lifestyle with a permanent job and home
• persuasion🔊nouna set of personal beliefs mostly religious and political
• judgment🔊nounan opinion that is formed after thinking carefully

Houses and Buildings30 words

• mansion🔊nouna very large and impressive house
• lighthouse🔊nouna large structure, such as a tower, placed near the coast and equipped with a powerful light that guides or warns the approaching ships
• skyscraper🔊nouna modern building that is very tall, often built in a city
• warehouse🔊nouna large place in which raw materials or produced goods are stored before they are sold or distributed
• cellar🔊nounan underground storage space or room, typically found in a building, used for storing food, wine, or other items that require a cool and dark environment
• shed🔊nouna simple and small cottage-like building that is built to store things or shelter animals
• tomb🔊nounan overground or underground grave that is large in size and is often made of stone
• renovation🔊nounthe process or action of making a building or a piece of furniture look good again by repairing or painting it
• stairwell🔊nounthe area of a property where the stairs are located
• floor plan🔊nounthe design of a building that depicts the shape, size, and positioning of rooms and furniture in a structure from above.
• rooftop🔊nounthe external surface of a building roof
• chimney🔊nouna channel or passage that lets the smoke from a fire pass through and get out from the roof of a building
• decor🔊nounthe way a room or building's interior is decorated
• vacant🔊adjective(of a house, room, seat, etc.) empty or unoccupied and available to be used
• abandoned🔊adjective(of a building, car, etc.) left and not needed or used anymore
• decorator🔊nouna person who plans and designs the interior of spaces by selecting colors, furniture, fabrics, and other decorative elements
• shelter🔊nouna structure offering protection and privacy from danger
• landmark🔊nouna structure or a place that is historically important
• property🔊nouna building or the piece of land surrounding it, owned by individuals, businesses, or entities
• column🔊nouna vertical structural element, often made of stone, that supports the weight of the building above it
• structure🔊nounanything that is built from several parts, such as a house, bridge, etc.
• construct🔊verbto build a house, bridge, machine, etc.
• concrete🔊nouna hard material used for building structures, made by mixing cement, water, sand, and small stones
• exterior🔊adjectivelocated on the outer surface of a particular thing
• interior🔊adjectivelocated on the inside part of a particular thing
• aisle🔊nouna narrow passage in a theater, train, aircraft, etc. that separates rows of seats
• residential🔊adjective(of an area with buildings) designed specially for people to live in
• spacious🔊adjective(of a room, house, etc.) large with a lot of space inside
• drain🔊nouna pipe in the bottom of a sink, bath, etc. through which dirty water flows out
• collapse🔊verb(of a construction) to fall down suddenly, particularly due to being damaged or weak

Hobbies and Games37 words

• pastime🔊nounan enjoyable activity that a person does regularly in their free time
• collage🔊nounthe art of making pictures by sticking photographs, pieces of cloth or colored paper onto a surface
• calligraphy🔊nounthe art of producing beautiful handwriting using special writing instruments such as a dip or brush pen
• collecting🔊nounthe action of looking for and gathering things of a specific type as a hobby
• flower arranging🔊nounthe skill of attractively arranging cut flowers
• gardening🔊nounthe activity of taking care of trees, bushes, and flowers in a garden for pleasure
• birdwatching🔊nounthe activity or hobby of studying birds by observing them in their natural surroundings
• knitting🔊nounthe skill or act of making a piece of clothing from threads of wool, etc. by using a pair of special long thin needles or a knitting machine
• taxidermy🔊nounthe art of preserving the dead body of animals by skinning and then filling them with a specific substance in order to use them as decoration
• clubbing🔊nounthe act or activity of frequently hanging out in nightclubs
• paintball🔊nouna game in which players use special guns that shoot paint
• mountain biking🔊nounthe activity or sport of riding a mountain bike over rough ground
• diving🔊noun‌the activity or sport of jumping into water from a diving board, with the head and arms first
• cycling🔊nounthe sport or activity of riding a bicycle
• skydiving🔊nounthe activity or sport in which individuals jump from a flying aircraft and do special moves while falling before opening their parachute at a specified distance to land on the ground
• backpacking🔊nouna style of traveling around, cheap and often on foot, carrying one's belongings in a backpack
• billiards🔊nouna table game in which two players compete by trying to direct balls into holes around the table using special long sticks called cues
• snorkeling🔊nounthe activity of swimming beneath the water's surface while breathing through a hollow tube named a snorkel
• fencing🔊nouna martial art in which two people fight using long and thin swords
• archery🔊nouna martial art and sport that is practiced using arrows and bows
• sunbathing🔊nounthe practice of resting or laying in the sunlight, particularly to tan one's skin
• trainspotting🔊nounthe process of counting train engines and keeping the record as a hobby
• safari🔊nouna journey, typically for observing and photographing wild animals in their natural habitat, especially in African countries
• sailing🔊nounthe practice of riding a boat as a hobby
• paragliding🔊nounthe practice of falling or jumping off height to float in the air using a parachute as a sport or hobby
• parkour🔊nounthe sport or activity of moving through an area, particularly an urban area, by running, jumping, and climbing over, under, or around different obstacles
• sledding🔊nounthe practice of riding a sled on snow as a sport or hobby
• rafting🔊nounthe practice of using a raft to travel with the flow of a river as a sport or hobby
• leisure🔊nouna period of time when one is free from duties and can do fun activities or relax
• photography🔊nounthe process, art, or profession of capturing photographs or recording videos
• pottery🔊nounthe skill or activity of making dishes, pots, etc. using clay
• modeling🔊nounthe practice of making something on a smaller scale
• handicraft🔊nounthe activity or art of skillfully using one’s hand to create attractive objects
• engraving🔊nounthe art or process of carving an artistic shape or pattern on a hard material
• surfing🔊nounthe sport or activity of riding a surfboard to move on waves
• meditation🔊nounthe act or practice of concentrating on the mind and releasing negative energy or thoughts for religious reasons or for calming one's mind
• bowling🔊nouna sport or game in which a player rolls a ball down a lane with the aim of knocking over as many pins as possible at the other end of the lane

Shopping36 words

• merchandise🔊noungoods offered for sale or the ones bought or sold
• coupon🔊nouna small piece of document that is used for buying things with a lower price
• retail🔊nounthe activity of selling goods or products directly to consumers, typically in small quantities
• window shopping🔊nounthe activity of just looking at the goods in the windows of stores without going inside and buying something
• chain store🔊nounone of a series of stores that are all owned by the same company or person
• convenience store🔊nouna store that sells food, publications, alcohol, etc., often open 24 hours every day
• deli🔊nouna store that sells cheese, cooked meat, and foreign food
• farmer's market🔊nounan area in which farmers sell their products directly to the customers
• the cleaner's🔊nouna shop where one can do their laundry and dry cleaning
• transaction🔊nounthe general process of purchasing or selling something
• barcode🔊nouna row of black and white lines printed on a product that contain information such as its price, readable only by a computer
• credit card🔊nouna plastic card, usually given to us by a bank, that we use to pay for goods and services
• debit card🔊nouna small plastic card we use to pay for what we buy with the money taken directly from our bank account
• price tag🔊nouna label on an item that shows how much it costs
• store card🔊nouna card that can be used to pay for items one buys in a particular store
• refund🔊nounan amount of money that is paid back because of returning goods to a store or one is not satisfied with the goods or services
• on sale🔊phraseavailable for purchase
• consumer🔊nounsomeone who buys and uses services or goods
• consumerism🔊nounthe idea or belief that personal well-being and happiness depend on the purchase of material goods
• article🔊nouna specific object or item, particularly one that is part of a set
• voucher🔊nouna digital code or a printed piece of paper that can be used instead of money when making a purchase or used to receive a discount
• bargain🔊nounan item bought at a much lower price than usual
• auction🔊nouna public sale in which goods or properties are sold to the person who bids higher
• bid🔊verbto offer a particular price for something, usually at an auction
• counter🔊nouna table with a narrow horizontal surface over which goods are put or people are served
• stand🔊nouna booth or stall where goods are displayed for sale
• grocery🔊nouna store selling food and household items
• stall🔊nouna stand or a small table or shop with an open front where people sell their goods
• outlet🔊nouna store or organization where the products of a particular company are sold at a lower price
• stock🔊nounthe items available for sale in a store or its warehouse
• cart🔊nouna vehicle with two or four wheels that we use to carry heavy objects while shopping
• checkout🔊nouna place in a supermarket where people pay for the goods they buy
• sell out🔊verb(of an event) to completely sell all available tickets, seats, leaving none remaining for further purchase
• rack🔊nouna structure or frame designed to hold or store objects
• register🔊nouna machine used in restaurants, stores, etc. in which the received money is kept and each transaction is recorded
• aisle🔊nouna narrow passage in a theater, train, aircraft, etc. that separates rows of seats

The Economy40 words

• finance🔊verbto provide funds or an amount of money
• debit🔊nounan entry indicating an increase in assets or an expense, and a decrease in debts or income
• bank statement🔊nouna document given by a bank to an account holder, providing a summary of all financial transactions within a specified period
• debt relief🔊nounthe act of remitting a person or organization's debts
• income🔊nounthe money that is regularly earned from a job or through an investment
• revenue🔊nounthe total income generated from business activities or other sources
• fee🔊nounthe money that is paid to a professional or an organization for their services
• overdraw🔊verbto withdraw more money from a bank account than is available
• broke🔊adjectivehaving little or no financial resources
• bankruptcy🔊nouna situation in which a person or business is unable to pay due debts
• fair trade🔊nountrading practices that do not put consumers at a disadvantage
• trading🔊nounthe practice of buying and selling goods
• supply and demand🔊phrase‌the relationship between the amount of goods or services that are available and the amount that people want to buy, especially when this controls prices
• stock market🔊nounthe business of trading and exchanging shares of different companies
• recession🔊nouna hard time in a country's economy characterized by a reduction in employment, production, and trade
• invoice🔊nouna list of goods or services received and their total cost
• fundraising🔊nounthe process or provision of financial aid for something such as a charity or cause, usually through holding special events
• free trade🔊nouna system of international trading in which there are no restrictions or taxes on goods bought or sold
• free market🔊nounan economic system that is not operated by the government rather by free competition and supply and demand
• decline🔊nouna change toward a smaller, lower, or reduced state
• commodity🔊noun(economics) an unprocessed material that can be traded in different exchanges or marketplaces
• capital🔊nounassets used to generate more assets, especially in business or production
• credit🔊nounthe ability to obtain goods, services, or funds based on trust, allowing payment to be deferred
• expense🔊nounthe amount of money spent to do or have something
• due🔊adjective(of a payment, debt, etc.) scheduled or required to be paid immediately or at a specific time
• yield🔊nounan amount of profit gained from an investment or business
• benefit🔊nounthe occasions or events like concert or performance that are arranged with the aim of generating funds for those who are in need
• climb🔊verbto increase in terms of amount, value, intensity, etc.
• crash🔊verb(economics) to lose value suddenly and significantly
• collapse🔊nouna sudden decrease in something's value, such as a price or stock
• fortune🔊nouna very large sum of money
• deposit🔊verbto put an amount of money or other item of value into a bank account
• withdraw🔊verbto take money out of an account, fund, or financial institution
• freeze🔊verbto legally prevent money, property, or a bank account from being used or sold
• donation🔊nounsomething that is voluntarily given to someone or an organization to help them, such as money, food, etc.
• budget🔊nouna specific amount of money set aside for a particular use
• asset🔊nouna valuable resource or quality owned by an individual, organization, or entity, typically with economic value and the potential to provide future benefits
• transfer🔊verbto make a person or thing move from a place, situation, or person to another
• economy🔊nounthe system in which money, goods, and services are produced or distributed within a country or region
• share🔊nounany of the equal portions of a company's stock that is available for public to buy and gain benefit

The Business World40 words

• human capital🔊nounone person or a group of people's abilities and strengths, looked at as valuable assets
• marketplace🔊nounthe physical or virtual space where goods, services, and commodities are bought, sold, or exchanged, often involving various sellers and buyers
• commerce🔊nounthe act of buying and selling goods and services, particularly between countries
• corporation🔊nouna company or group of people that are considered as a single unit by law
• corporate🔊adjectiveinvolving a large company
• start-up🔊nouna newly established company or business venture, typically characterized by its innovative approach, early-stage development, and a focus on growth
• headquarters🔊nounthe place where the main offices of a large company or organization are located
• venture🔊nouna business activity that is mostly very risky
• manufacture🔊verbto produce products in large quantities by using machinery
• machinery🔊nounmachines, especially large ones, considered collectively
• profit margin🔊nounthe difference between the earnings and the costs in a business
• earnings🔊noun(always plural) money received for work done or services provided
• shareholder🔊nouna natural or legal person that owns at least one share in a company
• sponsor🔊verbto cover the costs of a project, TV or radio program, activity, etc., often in exchange for advertising
• merger🔊nounthe joining of two companies or organizations together to form a larger one
• administrative🔊adjectiverelated to the management and organization of tasks, processes, or resources within an organization or system
• marketing🔊nounthe act or process of selling or advertising a product or service, usually including market research
• branding🔊nounthe promotion of a particular product or company by means of advertising and distinctive design
• chair🔊verbto lead a committee or meeting
• chief technology officer🔊nouna person of senior rank in charge of a company's technological matters
• entrepreneur🔊nouna person who starts a business, especially one who takes financial risks
• merchant🔊nounsomeone who buys and sells goods wholesale
• chief financial officer🔊nouna person of the highest authority over a company's financial matters
• chief executive officer🔊nounthe highest-ranking person in a company
• agency🔊nouna business or organization that provides services to other parties, especially by representing them in transactions
• commercial🔊adjectiverelated to the purchasing and selling of different goods and services
• industry🔊nounall of the activities, companies, and people that are involved in providing a service or producing goods
• enterprise🔊nouna company
• human resources🔊noun(in an organization, company, etc.) a department that is in charge of hiring new employees and training them
• franchise🔊nouna commercial enterprise that functions under an agreement, using the branding, systems, and products of an established company
• strategy🔊nounan organized plan made to achieve a goal
• workshop🔊nouna building or room in which particular goods are made or fixed by different means
• representative🔊nounan advocate or agent promoting another's policy or purpose
• association🔊nounan organization of people who have a common purpose
• administration🔊nounthe process and activities required to control and manage an organization
• executive🔊adjectiveusing or having the power to decide on important matters, plans, etc. or to implement them
• promotion🔊nounthe activity of drawing public attention to a service or product in order to help it sell more
• publicize🔊verbto dispose information about something, so that it publicly known
• launch🔊verbto make a new product or provide a new service and introduce it to the public
• distribution🔊nounthe process of supplying shops and other businesses with products to be sold

Success and Failure38 words

• attempt🔊nounthe action or endeavor of trying to complete a task or achieve a goal, often one that is challenging
• cope🔊verbto handle a difficult situation and deal with it successfully
• attain🔊verbto succeed in reaching a goal, after hard work
• prosper🔊verbto grow in a successful way, especially financially
• victory🔊nounthe success that is achieved in a competition, game, war, etc.
• defeat🔊nounthe state of having lost in a contest, war, competition, etc.
• promising🔊adjectiveindicating potential for success or positive outcomes
• objective🔊nouna goal that one wants to achieve
• breakthrough🔊nounan important discovery or development that helps improve a situation or answer a problem
• accomplish🔊verbto achieve something after dealing with the difficulties
• fulfill🔊verbto accomplish or do something that was wished for, expected, or promised
• battle🔊nounan energetic or determined effort to achieve a goal
• abandon🔊verbto no longer continue something altogether
• ideal🔊adjectiverepresenting the best possible example or standard
• establish🔊verbto reach a level of acceptance and recognition due to permanent success
• aggressively🔊adverbin a determined and energetic way, aimed at achieving success or winning
• advance🔊nounprogress or improvement in a particular area
• invest🔊verbto devote a lot of effort, time, etc. to something from which one expects to achieve a good result
• productive🔊adjectiveproducing desired results through effective and efficient use of time, resources, and effort
• realize🔊verbto make a desired outcome come true
• strive🔊verbto try as hard as possible to achieve a goal
• progress🔊noungradual movement toward a goal or a desired state
• pursue🔊verbto try and seek something and engage in it in order to achieve one's goal
• ambitious🔊adjectivetrying or wishing to gain great success, power, or wealth
• desperate🔊adjectivefeeling or showing deep sadness mixed with hopelessness and emotional pain
• failure🔊nounthe absence of success in achieving a goal
• rise🔊verbto achieve a better life or job position
• hopeless🔊adjectivehaving no possibility or expectation of improvement or success
• loss🔊nounthe act or process of no longer having someone or something
• disastrous🔊adjectivevery harmful or bad
• struggle🔊verbto put a great deal of effort to overcome difficulties or achieve a goal
• overcome🔊verbto succeed in solving, controlling, or dealing with something difficult
• thrive🔊verbto grow and develop exceptionally well
• obstacle🔊nounan intangible difficulty or challenge that must be overcome
• let down🔊verbto make someone disappointed by not meeting their expectations
• flourish🔊verbto quickly grow in a successful way
• fall🔊nouna reduction in size, amount, number, etc.
• boom🔊verbto experience great growth and improvement

Politics39 words

• ambassador🔊nouna senior official whose job is living in a foreign country and representing their own country
• spokesperson🔊nouna person who speaks formally for an organization, government, etc.
• democratic🔊adjectiverelated to or characteristic of a system of government where power comes from the people through free elections and respects individual rights
• Senate🔊nounthe upper chamber of the United States Congress, responsible for lawmaking, oversight, and approval of appointments
• senator🔊nouna person elected to serve in a Senate, the upper house of a legislature
• slogan🔊nouna short memorable phrase that is used in advertising to draw people's attention toward something
• dictatorship🔊nouna form of government where power is concentrated in the hands of a single individual or a small group, often with absolute authority, without the consent of the people
• dictator🔊nouna ruler that has total power over a state, particularly a ruler who gained power through force
• council🔊nouna group of elected people who govern a city, town, etc.
• diplomacy🔊nounthe job, skill, or act of managing the relationships between different countries
• extremism🔊nounreligious or political actions, beliefs, or ideas that most people find them extreme, unreasonable, and abnormal
• free trade🔊nouna system of international trading in which there are no restrictions or taxes on goods bought or sold
• governor🔊nouna person who is in charge of a state, region, or territory
• monarchy🔊nouna system of government or a country or state that is ruled by a king or queen
• propaganda🔊nouninformation and statements that are mostly biased and false and are used to promote a political cause or leader
• anarchy🔊nounthe state of an organization or country that is lacking in order, authority, or control
• regime🔊nouna system of governing that is authoritarian and usually not selected in a fair election
• embassy🔊nounthe ambassador and the staff who represent their government in a foreign country
• summit🔊nouna formal meeting of leaders, especially heads of government
• wing🔊nounmembers of a political party or other organization who have a certain function or share certain views
• bureaucracy🔊nouna system of government that is controlled by officials who are not elected rather employed
• democracy🔊nouna form of government where the power is vested in the hands of the people, either directly or through elected representatives
• democrat🔊nounsomeone who supports social equality, healthcare reform, environmental protection, and a more active role for government in addressing social issues
• congress🔊nounthe legislative body of the United States, consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives
• parliament🔊nounthe group of elected representatives whose responsibility is to create, amend, and discuss laws or address political matters
• cabinet🔊nounsenior members of a government who make decisions and control the policy of the government
• campaign🔊nouna set of actions organized in order to serve a political purpose
• conservative🔊nouna person who aligns with or supports the principles and policies traditionally associated with conservative political ideologies
• poll🔊nounthe act of casting or counting votes, or the location where this occurs
• diplomat🔊nounan official representing a country's government in foreign relations
• federal🔊adjectiverelating to the central government of a country rather than the local or regional governments
• republic🔊nouna governing system in which the supreme power is held by people and their chosen representatives
• republican🔊noun(in the US) someone who supports or is a member of the Republican Party
• radical🔊nouna person who holds extreme or unconventional ideas or opinions
• liberal🔊adjectiverelated to or characteristic of a political ideology that emphasizes individual freedoms, equality, and government intervention for social welfare and economic opportunity
• independence🔊nounthe state of being free from the control of others
• opposition🔊nounthe main political party opposed to the government
• revolution🔊nounthe fundamental change of power, government, etc. in a country by people, particularly involving violence
• reform🔊verbto make a society, law, system, or organization better or more effective by making many changes to it

Law and Order37 words

• statute🔊nounan officially written and established law
• legislative🔊adjectiverelating to the making and passing of laws by government bodies
• attorney🔊nouna lawyer who represents someone in a court of law
• judicial🔊adjectivebelonging or appropriate for a court, a judge, or the administration of justice
• prosecute🔊verbto try to charge someone officially with a crime in a court as the lawyer of the accuser
• sentence🔊verbto officially state the punishment of someone found guilty in a court of law
• testify🔊verbto make a statement as a witness in court saying something is true
• testimony🔊nouna formal statement saying something is true, particularly made by a witness in court
• bail🔊nounan amount of money that must be paid in order for someone who is accused of a crime to be released until their trial
• defendant🔊nouna person in a law court who is sued by someone else or is accused of committing a crime
• lawsuit🔊nouna complaint or claim that someone brings to a law court for settlement
• sue🔊verbto bring a charge against an individual or organization in a law court
• proceedings🔊nounactions taken in a court of law in order to settle an argument
• sheriff🔊nounan elected officer of law in a county
• inspector🔊nouna police officer holding an intermediate rank
• justice🔊nouna behavior or treatment that is fair and just
• constitution🔊nounthe official laws and principles by which a country or state is governed
• bill🔊nouna new law that is proposed to a parliament to be discussed about
• clause🔊nouna separate part of a legal document that requires or talks about something specific
• act🔊nouna law that is passed by a parliament or congress
• legislation🔊nouna formal rule or collection of rules enacted by a governing authority
• pass🔊verbto make or accept a law by voting or by decree
• declaration🔊noun(law) an official written document that people sign to agree on something or accept something as true
• hearing🔊noun(law) an official gathering in a court of law, especially without the presence of the jury, to find out information about a case and listen to evidence
• legitimate🔊adjectiveofficially allowed or accepted according to the rules or laws that apply to a particular situation
• plea🔊noun(law) a formal statement made by someone confirming or denying their accusation
• representation🔊nounthe state of being represented or the act of representing
• authority🔊nouna person or group that exercises administrative or controlling power over others
• ruling🔊nouna decision made by someone with official power, particularly a judge
• witness🔊nouna person who testifies under oath in a court of law
• evidence🔊nounanything that proves the truth or possibility of something, such as facts, objects, or signs
• trial🔊nouna legal process where a judge and jury examine evidence in court to decide if the accused is guilty
• verdict🔊nounan official decision made by the jury in a court after the legal proceedings
• appeal🔊verbto officially ask a higher court to review and reverse the decision made by a lower court
• draft🔊nouna preliminary version of a written text, subject to revision before being finalized
• charge🔊verbto officially accuse someone of an offense
• action🔊nouna formal or legal process in which it is decided if someone has done something wrong or illegal

Crime and Punishment37 words

• imprison🔊verbto put someone in prison or keep them somewhere and not let them go
• alibi🔊nounproof that indicates a person was somewhere other than the place where a crime took place and therefore could not have committed it
• blackmail🔊nounthe crime of demanding money or benefits from someone by threatening to reveal secret or sensitive information about them
• terrorism🔊nounthe act of using violence such as killing people, bombing, etc. to gain political power
• vandalism🔊nounthe illegal act of purposefully damaging a property belonging to another person or organization
• kidnapping🔊nounthe act of taking someone against their will and imprisoning them
• identity theft🔊nounthe illegal use of someone's name and personal information without their knowledge, particularly to gain money or goods
• hijack🔊nounthe unlawful seizure of a vehicle in transit, usually to rob it or force it to change course
• human trafficking🔊nounthe illegal trade of people for forced labor, sexual exploitation, or other forms of coercion
• shoplifting🔊nounthe crime of taking goods from a store without paying for them
• pickpocketing🔊nounthe action of stealing from a person's pocket or bag
• mugging🔊nounthe act of threatening someone or beating them in order to gain some money
• bribery🔊nounthe act of offering money to an authority to gain advantage
• capital punishment🔊nounthe killing of a criminal as punishment
• life sentence🔊nounthe punishment in which an individual is made to stay in jail for the rest of their life, typically for committing a serious crime
• attempted🔊adjective(of a crime, suicide, etc.) not done successfully
• fine🔊verbto make someone pay a sum of money as punishment for violation of the law
• hostage🔊nounsomeone held prisoner by a person or group who will be set free if the demands of that person or group are met
• violation🔊nounthe act of breaking a legal code
• assault🔊nounan act of crime in which someone physically attacks another person
• investigation🔊nounan attempt to gather the facts of a matter such as a crime, incident, etc. to find out the truth
• suspect🔊nounsomeone who is believed to be guilty of an offence
• criminal🔊nouna person who does or is involved in an illegal activity
• convict🔊nouna person found guilty of a crime and sent to prison
• confess🔊verbto admit, especially to the police or legal authorities, that one has committed a crime or has done something wrong
• confession🔊nouna formal statement made by a person admitting that they are guilty of a crime
• breach🔊verbto break an agreement, law, etc.
• fraud🔊nounthe act of cheating in order to make illegal money
• sentence🔊nounthe punishment that the court assigned for a guilty person
• offense🔊nounany act that is against a law
• capture🔊verbto catch an animal or a person and keep them as a prisoner
• condemn🔊verbto give a severe punishment to someone who has committed a major crime
• corrupt🔊adjectiveusing one's power or authority to do illegal things for personal gain or financial benefit
• penalty🔊nounan amount of money that must be paid as punishment for breaking a rule or law
• custody🔊nouna state in which a person is kept in jail or prison, particularly while waiting to be tried
• innocent🔊adjectivenot having committed a wrongdoing or offense
• guilty🔊adjectivehaving done something that is not legal offense

War and Peace40 words

• civil war🔊nouna war that is between people who are in the same country
• combat🔊nouna fight between different military forces during a war
• navy🔊nounthe branch of the armed forces that operates at sea using warships, destroyers, etc.
• air force🔊nounthe branch of the armed forces that operates in the air using fighter aircraft
• armed🔊adjectiveequipped with weapons or firearms
• rebel🔊verbto oppose a ruler or government
• invade🔊verbto enter a territory using armed forces in order to occupy or take control of it
• curfew🔊nounan order or law that prohibits people from going outside after a specific time, particularly at night
• peacekeeping🔊nounthe process of keeping a community safe and stopping the violence
• rescue🔊nounthe action or process of saving someone or something
• spy🔊nounsomeone who is employed by a government to obtain secret information on another person, country, company, etc.
• arms🔊nounweapons in general, especially those used by the military
• warship🔊nouna ship that is made for war and has weapons
• missile🔊nouna weapon that carries explosives and can be guided to strike a distant target
• fatality🔊nouna death resulting from violence or accident
• conflict🔊nouna hostile encounter between armed forces during a war
• action🔊nounthe act of fighting a war or battle
• clash🔊nouna serious argument between two sides caused by their different views and beliefs
• defend🔊verbto not let any harm come to someone or something
• desert🔊verbto leave the army, navy, etc. without permission or without fulfilling one's obligations
• civilian🔊nouna person who is not a member of or not on active duty in armed forces or the police
• military🔊adjectiverelating to soldiers or the armed forces
• recruit🔊verbto find people to join the armed forces
• enlist🔊verbto recruit or engage an individual for service in the military
• warfare🔊nouninvolvement in war, particularly using certain methods or weapons
• deploy🔊verbto position soldiers or equipment for military action
• occupy🔊verbto come to power and control in a place using military force
• strike🔊verbto launch a planned and forceful attack against an enemy or target
• retreat🔊nounthe military withdrawal of troops to a safer or more strategic position, often following defeat or pressure from a stronger enemy
• surrender🔊verbto give up resistance or stop fighting against an enemy or opponent
• casualty🔊nounsomeone who is killed or wounded during a war or an accident
• general🔊nouna high-ranking officer in the army, Air Force, or Marines
• major🔊nouna middle-ranking officer in the armed forces
• veteran🔊nouna former member of the armed forces who has fought in a war
• explosive🔊nouna substance that can cause a sudden and violent release of energy
• blast🔊nouna sudden and violent release of energy, producing an explosion
• mine🔊nouna piece of military equipment that is put on or just under the ground or in the sea, which explodes when it is touched
• ally🔊nouna country that aids another country, particularly if a war breaks out
• alliance🔊nounan organization or group of people, countries, or entities united by a formal agreement for mutual benefit
• conquer🔊verbto gain control of a place or people using armed forces

Religion39 words

• mosque🔊nouna place of worship, used by Muslims
• shrine🔊nouna place or building for people to pray in, which is considered holy by many due to its connection with a sacred person, event, or object
• monastery🔊nouna building where a group of monks live and pray
• believer🔊nouna person who has faith in a god or follows a particular religion
• Christianity🔊nounthe Abrahamic religion based on the teachings of Jesus of Nazareth, the followers of which regard the Bible as sacred
• Bible🔊nounthe holy book of Christianity that consists of the Old Testament and the New Testament
• monk🔊nouna member of a male religious group that lives in a monastery
• sin🔊nounany act that goes against the law of God
• divine🔊adjectiveoriginating from, relating to, or associated with God or a god
• devil🔊nounthe spirit that opposes God and tempts people to do wrong
• Islam🔊nounthe religion of the Muslims, which was established by Muhammad whose holy book is called the Quran
• Quran🔊nounthe holy book of Islam, believed by Muslims to be the word of God
• Buddhism🔊nounan Indian religion based on the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama, whose followers worship in temples
• Hinduism🔊nouna major religion in South Asia, Sri Lanka, and Nepal, involving the worship of many gods
• Judaism🔊nounthe religion of Jewish people that is monotheistic
• cult🔊nouna group of people with extreme religious views who are separate from any established religion
• commemorate🔊verbto recall and show respect for an important person, event, etc. from the past with an action or in a ceremony
• abbey🔊nouna church with buildings connected to it in which a group of monks or nuns live or used to live
• temple🔊nouna building used for worshiping one or several gods, used by some religious communities, especially Buddhists and Hindus
• catholic🔊adjectiverelated to or belonging to the Western branch of the Christian Church that is led by the Pope
• protestant🔊adjectiverelated to or belonging to the Western branch of the Christian Church, distinct from the Roman Catholic Church
• christ🔊nounthe man based on whose teachings Christianity is established
• bishop🔊nouna high-ranking priest who supervises all the churches and priests in a city
• father🔊nouna title used for Christian priests, especially in certain traditions
• saint🔊nounsomeone who, after their death, is officially recognized by the Christian Church as a very holy person
• nun🔊nouna member of a female religious group that lives in a convent
• preach🔊verbto give a religious speech, particularly in a church
• soul🔊nounthe spiritual part of a person that is believed to be the essence of life in them
• heaven🔊nounthe realm of God and angels where the believers are promised to reside
• hell🔊noun(in Christianity) the dwelling place of Satan and his forces, where sinners suffer eternal punishment
• spiritual🔊adjectiverelating to sacred matters such as religion, church, etc.
• worship🔊verbto respect and honor God or a deity, especially by performing rituals
• ritual🔊nounthe act of conducting a series of fixed actions, particular to a religious ceremony
• faith🔊nounstrong belief in a particular god or religion
• muslim🔊nouna person who believes in Islam
• enlightenment🔊noun(in Buddhism and Hinduism) a transcendent state of spiritual realization, liberation from the cycle of reincarnation, characterized by the cessation of desire, suffering, and individual consciousness
• convert🔊verbto change one's religious beliefs to a different one
• carnival🔊nouna festival happening annually that involves dancing, music and colorful clothes
• sacrifice🔊verbto kill an animal or person as a religious act

Biology, Physics, and Chemistry32 words

• biology🔊nounthe scientific study of living organisms; the science that studies living organisms
• metabolism🔊nounthe chemical processes through which food is changed into energy for the body to use
• organism🔊nouna living thing such as a plant, animal, etc., especially a very small one that lives on its own
• molecule🔊nounthe smallest structure of a substance consisting of a group of atoms
• molecular🔊adjectiveconsisting of or relating to molecules, which are groups of atoms bonded together
• chemistry🔊nounthe branch of science that is concerned with studying the structure of substances and the way that they change or combine with each other
• evolution🔊noun(biology) the slow and gradual development of living things throughout the history of the earth
• photosynthesis🔊nouna process in green plants during which the plant synthesizes using water and carbon dioxide
• DNA🔊noun(biochemistry) a chemical substance that carries the genetic information, which is present in every cell and some viruses
• gene🔊noun(genetics) a basic unit of heredity and a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is located on a chromosome in a cell and controls a particular quality
• parasite🔊noun(biology) a small organism that lives on or inside another organism, called a host, and is dependent on it for nutrition and growth
• instinct🔊nouna natural reaction or behavior that occurs automatically, without conscious thought or reasoning
• electron🔊nouna small particle in an atom with negative charge
• vapor🔊nounextremely small drops of liquid in the air, resulted from the heating of the liquid
• glucose🔊nouna basic kind of sugar that is a component of carbohydrates and provides energy for many living organisms
• carbon🔊nouna nonmetal element that can be found in all organic compounds and living things
• calcium🔊nouna soft silver-white metal that is an important element in bones and teeth
• nitrogen🔊nounone the most common elements in Earth's atmosphere
• reproduction🔊nounthe biological process by which organisms produce new individuals, either sexually through gamete fusion or asexually by mechanisms such as budding, fission, or spore formation
• life cycle🔊nounall the different stages of grow and development of a living organism
• matter🔊nouna physical substance that occupies space and exists in every material in the universe
• element🔊nouna substance that is composed of only one type of atom, typically characterized by specific physical and chemical properties
• property🔊nouna feature or quality of something
• react🔊verb(physics) to be subject to physical or chemical change
• fiber🔊nounany strand of muscle or nervous tissues
• particle🔊noun(physics) any of the smallest units that energy or matter consists of, such as electrons, atoms, molecules, etc.
• compound🔊noun(chemistry) a substance that its molecules consist of two or more elements that are held together by a chemical bond
• bond🔊nouna link that holds atoms or ions together in any molecule or crystal
• atomic🔊adjectiverelated to atoms, the smallest units of matter, including their structure, properties, and interactions
• nerve🔊nouneach of a group of long thread-like structures in the body that carry messages between the brain and other parts of the body, sensing things is a result of this process
• acid🔊nouna water-soluble chemical substance that contains Hydrogen and has a sour taste or corrosive feature with a PH less than 7
• dissolve🔊verb(of a solid) to become one with a liquid

Mathematics and Measurement32 words

• mathematical🔊adjectiverelated to or used in mathematics
• numerical🔊adjectiverepresented in numbers
• ordinal number🔊nouna number that indicates the position of something in a sequence or series
• fraction🔊nouna number obtained by dividing one integer or rational number by another, typically written in the form a/b
• digit🔊nounone of the numbers from 0 to 9
• diameter🔊nouna straight line from one side of a round object, particularly a circle, passing through the center and joining the other side
• equation🔊noun(mathematics) a statement indicating the equality between two values
• vertical🔊adjectivepositioned at a right angle to the horizon or ground, typically moving up or down
• width🔊nounthe distance of something from side to side
• dimension🔊nouna measure of the height, length, or width of an object in a certain direction
• subtract🔊verb(mathematics) to take a number from another number and find out the difference
• ounce🔊nouna unit for measuring weight equal to approximately 28.34 grams
• gallon🔊nouna unit used to measure liquids in the United States, equivalent to approximately 3.785 liters
• bar chart🔊nouna graphical display of information consisting of narrow rectangular lines whose heights depend on the value that they are representing
• pie chart🔊nouna graphical display of the difference between the parts of a whole shown by dividing a circle into several segments
• acre🔊nouna unit used in North America and Britain for measuring land area that equals 4047 square meters or 4840 square yards
• accountant🔊nounsomeone whose job is to keep or check financial accounts
• calculation🔊nounthe act of finding a number or amount using mathematics
• arithmetic🔊nouna branch of mathematics that deals with addition, subtraction, multiplication, etc.
• measure🔊nounthe quantity, amount, or degree of something
• value🔊noun(mathematics) an amount that is shown by a sign or letter
• parallel🔊adjectivehaving an equal distance from each other at every point
• decimal🔊adjectiverelating to a system of numbers based on powers of ten, where quantities are expressed using digits, including fractions and whole numbers
• unit🔊nouna standard measure used to tell the amount of something
• function🔊noun(mathematics) a quantity whose value changes according to another quantity's varying value
• circumference🔊noun(geometry) the length of the external boundary of a curved shape, especially a circle
• axis🔊nounthe central point or line around which an object turns
• probability🔊noun(mathematics) a number representing the chances of something specific happening
• total🔊verbto add up numbers or quantities to find the overall amount
• cubic🔊adjectiveindicating a unit of measurement that includes volume of a cube
• formula🔊noun(mathematics) a rule or law represented in symbols, letters, or numbers
• analyst🔊nouna trained individual who evaluates information and data to provide insights and make informed decisions in various fields such as finance, economics, business, technology, etc.

Engineering and Research32 words

• apparatus🔊nountools or machines that are designed for a specific purpose
• microchip🔊nouna small piece of material that is a semiconductor, used to make an integrated circuit
• telescope🔊nouna piece of equipment by which the far objects, particularly those in space, are made clearly visible
• sensor🔊nouna machine or device that detects any changes in the environment and sends the information to other electronic devices
• screw🔊nouna small pointy piece of metal that can be fasten into wooden or metal objects using a screwdriver to hold things together
• machinery🔊nounmachines, especially large ones, considered collectively
• service🔊verbto maintain, repair, or prepare something so that it is fit for use
• adapter🔊nouna device used for connecting two pieces of equipment that are not compatible with each other
• method🔊nouna specific way or process of doing something, particularly an established or systematic one
• evaluation🔊nouna judgment on the quantity and quality of something after careful consideration
• experimental🔊adjectiverelating to or involving scientific experiments, especially those designed to test hypotheses or explore new ideas
• hypothesis🔊nounan explanation based on limited facts and evidence that is not yet proved to be true
• detect🔊verbto notice or discover something that is difficult to find
• archeologist🔊nouna person whose job is to study ancient societies using facts, objects, buildings, etc. remaining in excavation sites
• instrument🔊nouna device or tool that requires specific knowledge on how to be used
• wire🔊nouna long and thin piece of metal that carries an electric current
• switch🔊nounsomething such as a button or key that turns a machine, lamp, etc. on or off
• circuit🔊nounthe complete circle through which an electric current flows, typically consists of the source of electric energy
• mechanical🔊adjective(of an object) powered by machinery or an engine
• cable🔊nouna group of wires bundled together for transmitting electricity that is protected within a rubber case
• crane🔊nouna very large tall machine used for lifting heavy objects
• capacity🔊nounthe quantity that is possible by a machine, etc. to produce
• prototype🔊nounan early or preliminary model of something from which other forms are developed or copied
• current🔊nouna flow of electricity resulted from the movement of electrically charged particles in a direction
• model🔊verbto make a representation of something, especially one based on mathematics
• laboratory🔊nouna place where people do scientific experiments, manufacture drugs, etc.
• sample🔊nouna small amount of a substance taken from a larger amount used for scientific analysis or therapeutic experiment
• conduct🔊verbto direct or participate in the management, organization, or execution of something
• finding🔊nouna piece of information discovered as a result of a research
• guinea pig🔊nounsomeone on whom scientific experiments are tested
• classify🔊verbto put people or things in different categories or groups
• discovery🔊nounthe act of finding something for the first time and before others

Athletics32 words

• athletics🔊nounthe sport of competing in track and field events, including running races and various competitions in jumping and throwing
• tournament🔊nouna series of sporting games in which teams or players compete against different rivals in different rounds until only one remains and that is the winner
• league🔊nouna group of sports clubs or players who compete against each other and are put together based on the points they have gained through the season
• spectator🔊nouna person who watches sport competitions closely
• martial arts🔊nounany type of sports that include fighting which are especially originated in the Far East, such as judo, kung fu, etc.
• referee🔊nounan official who is in charge of a game, making sure the rules are obeyed by the players
• umpire🔊verbto enforce the rules by presiding over a match or contest in sports such as baseball, cricket, and tennis
• triathlon🔊nouna sporting contest typically consisting of swimming, cycling, and running taking place in three different events
• gymnast🔊nounan athlete who is trained to perform gymnastics, especially in a competition
• trophy🔊nounan object that is awarded to the winner of a competition
• doping🔊nounthe use of drugs by an athlete or racehorse in a competition in order to improve their performance
• victory🔊nounthe success that is achieved in a competition, game, war, etc.
• marathon🔊nouna running race of 26 miles or 42 kilometers
• track and field🔊phrasea sport that involves various athletic events, including running, jumping, and throwing competitions, that are held on a running track
• arena🔊nouna large open-air constructed area that is used for playing sports
• pitch🔊nouna flat ground prepared and marked for playing particular sports, such as soccer
• championship🔊nouna competition in which the best player or team is chosen
• ring🔊nouna platform surrounded with ropes on which boxing and wrestling competitions take place
• stroke🔊nounan act of hitting or striking a ball with a bat, racket, club, cue, or hand
• strike🔊noun(baseball) a pitch that the batter swings at and misses, or that the umpire calls within the strike zone
• tackle🔊verbto try to take the ball from the players of the other team, usually by forcing them down, in sports such as American football or rugby
• offense🔊noun(in sports) the players of a team who are trying to score against the rival team
• defense🔊nounthe team, players, or tactics whose primary role is to prevent the opposing side from scoring or gaining advantage in a game or match
• tie🔊verb(of two players or teams) to finish a game or competition with even scores
• draw🔊nounwhen neither player is able to win the game, typically because there are no more legal moves available or because both players agree to a draw
• foul🔊nounan act in a sport that is against the rules and is not allowed
• versus🔊preposition(in sport or law) used to show that two sides or teams are against each other
• cross-country🔊adverbaway from the roads and tracks and across the countryside
• heavyweight🔊noun(in wrestling and boxing) a weight in the heaviest category which is above 91kg
• lightweight🔊noun(in boxing) a weight usually between 59 and 61.2 kilograms
• sprint🔊nouna type of running in which one runs full speed in a short distance
• club🔊nouna group of sports players, their manager, and staff such as a soccer or baseball club

Time and History36 words

• millennium🔊nouna period of one thousand years, usually calculated from the year of the birth of Jesus Christ
• decade🔊nounten years of time
• chronological🔊adjectiveorganized according to the order that the events occurred in
• eternity🔊nountime that is endless
• eventual🔊adjectivehappening at the end of a process or a particular period of time
• annually🔊adverbin a way that happens once every year
• biannual🔊adjectivetaking place twice a year
• indefinitely🔊adverbfor an unspecified period of time
• simultaneously🔊adverbat exactly the same time
• beforehand🔊adverbat an earlier time
• leap year🔊nouna year in every four years that has 366 days instead of 365
• seasonal🔊adjectivetypical or customary for a specific time of year
• solstice🔊nouneither of the two times of the year when the sun reaches its farthest or closest distance from the equator
• continual🔊adjectivehappening repeatedly or continuously in an annoying or problematic way
• daybreak🔊nounthe time in the very early morning when the first sunlight appears
• dusk🔊nounthe time after sun sets that is not yet completely dark
• solar year🔊nounthe time span in which earth orbits the sun
• lunar year🔊nouna period of 12 lunar months (the time span between two new moons), which is around 354 days
• later on🔊adverbafter the time mentioned or in the future
• prehistoric🔊adjectiverelating or belonging to the time before history was recorded
• civilization🔊nouna society that has developed its own culture and institutions in a particular period of time or place
• historian🔊nounsomeone who studies or records historical events
• golden age🔊nounan idealized or imagined period of peace, prosperity, and happiness
• era🔊nouna period of history marked by particular features or events
• millennial🔊adjectiverelating to a time span of a thousand years
• century🔊nouna period of one hundred years
• age🔊nouna period of history identified with a particular event
• subsequently🔊adverbafter a particular event or time
• instantly🔊adverbwith no delay and at once
• former🔊adjectivereferring to the first of two things mentioned
• latter🔊adjectivereferring to the second of two things mentioned
• primitive🔊adjectivecharacteristic of an early stage of human or animal evolution
• medieval🔊adjectivebelonging or related to the Middle Ages, the period in European history from roughly the 5th to the 15th century
• archive🔊nouna place or a collection of records or documents of historical importance
• origin🔊nounthe point or place where something has its foundation or beginning
• monument🔊nouna place or building that is historically important

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