IELTS 8-9 Vocabulary List

Acquire advanced vocabulary for IELTS Level 8 and above, allowing nuanced and precise descriptions for the most challenging exam tasks.

Describing Size and Scale18 words

• thundering🔊adjectivehaving an enormous or colossal size
• gargantuan🔊adjectivehaving an immense size
• jumbo🔊adjectiveextremely large in size
• whopping🔊adjectivevery impressive, especially in amount or degree
• humongous🔊adjectiveextremely large in size
• brobdingnagian🔊adjectiveextremely large
• ginormous🔊adjectiveextremely large in size
• walloping🔊adjectiveextremely large, powerful, or impressive in size or impact
• infinitesimal🔊adjectiveextremely small, almost to the point of being unnoticeable
• titchy🔊adjectiveextremely tiny
• shrimpy🔊adjectivesmall in size or stature
• homuncular🔊adjectiveresembling or related to a small, artificially created human or humanoid figure, often used in a metaphorical sense
• vest-pocket🔊adjectivesmall enough to fit in a vest pocket
• wee🔊adjective(Scottish) very small in size
• distend🔊verbto expand, swell, or stretch beyond the normal or usual size
• magnification🔊nounthe act or process of making something appear larger or more detailed
• stupendous🔊adjectiveextremely astonishing in extent or degree
• ickle🔊adjectivevery tiny in size

Describing Dimensions and Areas4 words

• stately🔊adjectiveimpressive and great in size
• altitudinous🔊adjectivehaving great height or elevation
• panoramic🔊adjectiveproviding or capturing an extensive view of a scene or area
• longitudinal🔊adjectiveextending in the lengthwise direction

Describing Weight and Steadiness4 words

• leaden🔊adjective(of mood, atmosphere, etc.) feeling heavy, slow, and overwhelming
• unyielding🔊adjectiveinflexible or resistant to pressure
• cumbersome🔊adjectivechallenging to manage or move due to size, weight, or awkward shape
• wobbly🔊adjectiveunstable and likely to shake or rock from side to side

Describing Shapes17 words

• hexagonal🔊adjectivehaving six equal sides and six angles
• trapezoidal🔊adjectivehaving the shape of a trapezoid, a quadrilateral with one pair of parallel sides
• curvilinear🔊adjectivehaving curved lines, forms, or structures
• polygonal🔊adjectivehaving a shape with multiple straight edges and angles
• annular🔊adjectivehaving the form of a ring
• ellipsoidal🔊adjectiveresembling an ellipse or an oval-shaped object
• parabolic🔊adjectivehaving the shape of a U-shaped curve, often seen in trajectories, mirrors, or arches
• serrated🔊adjectivehaving a series of sharp, pointed projections along the edge
• octagonal🔊adjectivehaving the shape or characteristics of an octagon, which is a polygon with eight sides and eight angles
• tetrahedral🔊adjectivecharacterized by or resembling a tetrahedron, which has four triangular faces
• pentagonal🔊adjectivehaving the shape of a pentagon, which is characterized by five straight sides and five angles
• cone-shaped🔊adjectivehaving the form or characteristics of a cone, which is a three-dimensional geometric shape with a circular base tapering to a point at the apex
• coiled🔊adjectivehaving a spiral or wound shape, often forming a series of loops or turns
• tubular🔊adjectivehaving the shape or characteristics of a tube
• toroidal🔊adjectiveresembling a doughnut or a ring-shaped object
• pyramidal🔊adjectiveresembling a structure with a polygonal base and triangular sides, often tapering to a point at the apex
• bulbous🔊adjectivehaving the form or structure of a bulb

Describing an Increase in Amount5 words

• proliferation🔊nouna sudden and fast growth or increase in something
• upswing🔊nounan improvement or increase in something such as intensity, level, or amount
• upsurge🔊nounan abrupt increase in strength, number, etc.
• augmentation🔊nounthe act or process of adding the amount, value, or size of something
• snowball🔊verbto increase or grow rapidly and uncontrollably

Describing an Decrease in Amount12 words

• exiguous🔊adjectiveextremely small in size or amount
• measly🔊adjectivepitifully small or inadequate
• meager🔊adjectivelacking in quantity, quality, or extent
• abatement🔊nouna reduction or lessening in the intensity, degree, or amount of something
• decrement🔊verbto reduce the size, amount, or number of something
• deduct🔊verbto subtract or take away an amount or part from a total
• curtail🔊verbto place limits or boundaries on something to reduce its scope or size
• dwindle🔊verbto diminish in quantity or size over time
• tail off🔊verbto decrease in quantity, intensity, or level over time
• ebb🔊verbto gradually decline or recede
• declining🔊adjectiveexperiencing a gradual reduction or decrease in quality, quantity, or value over time
• whittle down🔊verbto gradually reduce or decrease something by cutting away or eliminating bit by bit

Describing Intensity7 words

• drastic🔊adjectivehaving a strong or far-reaching effect
• utter🔊adjectiveemphasizing the extreme or total nature of a situation
• redouble🔊verbto strengthen markedly
• radicalize🔊verbto cause a person to adopt extreme beliefs, ideologies, or actions
• assuage🔊verbto help reduce the severity of an unpleasant feeling
• mitigation🔊nounthe act or process of reducing the severity, impact, or harmfulness of something
• tamp down🔊verbto reduce the intensity or force of something

Describing Speed10 words

• expeditious🔊adjectivedone very quickly without wasting time or resources
• flat out🔊adverbat the maximum speed
• dilatory🔊adjectiveintentionally delaying or slow to act
• plodding🔊adjectivemoving or progressing slowly and with great effort
• laggard🔊adjectivesluggish or falling behind in progress, development, or pace compared to others
• breakneck🔊adjectivemoving or happening at an extremely dangerous or fast speed
• lickety-split🔊adjectivehappening at a swift pace
• supersonic🔊adjectivehaving a speed greater than that of sound
• expedite🔊verbto speed up or facilitate the progress of an action or task
• outpace🔊verbto surpass, exceed, or move faster than someone or something

Describing Significance11 words

• pivotal🔊adjectiveplaying a crucial role or serving as a key point of reference
• ascendant🔊adjectiveholding the most power, importance, or influence
• momentous🔊adjectivehighly significant or impactful
• preeminent🔊adjectivesurpassing others in quality, distinction, or importance
• seminal🔊adjectivehaving a strong influence on future developments, ideas, or work
• piffling🔊adjectiveinsignificant or of little importance
• piddling🔊adjectivesmall, unimportant, or not worth much attention
• superfluous🔊adjectivebeyond what is necessary or required
• picayune🔊adjectiveconsidered to be of small importance or value
• immaterial🔊adjectivenot relevant or significant to the current situation, discussion, etc.
• expendable🔊adjectiveeasily replaced or sacrificed without significant loss or consequence, indicating a lack of value

Describing Uniqueness11 words

• unrivaled🔊adjectiveunmatched in quality or excellence
• unaccustomed🔊adjectivenot familiar or used to a particular situation, environment, or activity
• unwonted🔊adjectiveuncommon or not customary
• quirky🔊adjectivehaving distinctive or peculiar habits, behaviors, or features that are unusual but often appealing
• offbeat🔊adjectiveunconventional or unusual, often in an interesting way
• deviant🔊adjectivedeparting from established customs, norms, or expectations
• outre🔊adjectivestrikingly unusual in a way that goes beyond the usual bounds of taste or style
• nonconformist🔊adjectivenot adhering to established traditions or norms
• unorthodox🔊adjectivenot in accordance with established traditions or conventional practices
• garden-variety🔊adjectivevery common or typical
• unbecoming🔊adjectivenot appropriate or attractive, often in a way that goes against accepted standards or social norms

Describing Value9 words

• high-end🔊adjectivehaving a much higher quality and price than the rest of their kind
• upmarket🔊adjectiveused by or intended for wealthy people
• opulent🔊adjectiveshowy and luxurious in appearance
• upscale🔊adjectivehigh quality, luxurious, or intended for a wealthier clientele
• deluxe🔊adjectivehaving superior quality or luxurious features
• cut-price🔊adjectivesold or offered at a reduced or discounted price
• concessionary🔊adjectivereferring to the act of granting privileges, discounts, or allowances
• exorbitant🔊adjective(of prices) unreasonably or extremely high
• a dime a dozen🔊phrasesomething that is very common and therefore, not very high on price and value

Describing Complexity7 words

• knotty🔊adjectivefull of complications or difficulties
• byzantine🔊adjectiveso detailed and complex that understanding becomes difficult
• confounding🔊adjectivecausing bewilderment or surprise
• muddled🔊adjectivelacking clarity or coherence
• unfathomable🔊adjectiveimpossible to comprehend
• idiot-proof🔊adjectivedesigned to be so simple that even someone with little knowledge or skill can use it without making mistakes
• convoluted🔊adjective(of sentences, explanations, arguments, etc.) long and difficult to understand, often due to complexity or excessive detail

Describing Challenges12 words

• grueling🔊adjectiveextremely tiring and demanding strenuous effort and perseverance
• Sisyphean🔊adjectiverelating to a task that is endless, futile, and laborious
• Herculean🔊adjectiverequiring great strength, effort, or courage
• draining🔊adjectivecausing a significant loss of physical, emotional, or mental energy
• painstaking🔊adjectiverequiring a lot of effort and time
• exacting🔊adjectivesevere, demanding, or unrelenting in requiring effort, compliance, or performance
• hard-won🔊adjectiveachieving something after facing a lot of challenges and putting in a great deal of effort
• wearisome🔊adjectivecausing fatigue or irritation due to being repetitive or tiresome
• to grin and bear {sth}🔊phraseto accept or tolerate a difficult or undesirable situation that one cannot change without complaint
• surmount🔊verbto successfully overcome challenges or difficulties
• brave🔊verbto endure a difficult or dangerous situation with courage and determination
• outsmart🔊verbto use skill and cunning to gain an advantage over someone, defeating or surpassing them through intelligence

Describing Quality7 words

• awe-inspiring🔊adjectiveevoking a feeling of great respect, admiration, and sometimes fear
• superb🔊adjectiveextremely good
• subpar🔊adjectivefalling below the expected or desired level of quality, performance, or standard
• crummy🔊adjectivehaving poor quality or being unpleasant in some way
• nonpareil🔊adjectivebeyond comparison or unmatched in excellence
• unimpaired🔊adjectivenot damaged or weakened, remaining in a perfect or complete state without any loss of function or quality
• up to snuff🔊phrasemeeting a certain standard or expectation

Describing Success13 words

• enterprising🔊adjectiveshowing initiative, resourcefulness, and a willingness to undertake new and challenging projects or ventures
• goal-oriented🔊adjectivecharacterized by a strong focus on achieving specific objectives
• well-heeled🔊adjectivehaving substantial financial resources
• high-flying🔊adjectiveextremely successful, particularly in job or education
• serendipitous🔊adjectiveunexpectedly fortunate or successful
• transcend🔊verbto go beyond a particular limit, quality, or standard, often in an exceptional way
• outperform🔊verbto do better than someone or something
• outwit🔊verbto defeat or surpass someone in a clever or cunning manner
• outmaneuver🔊verbto surpass or overcome an opponent or obstacle through strategic and skillful maneuvers
• outshine🔊verbto surpass others in a particular quality or achievement
• burgeon🔊verbto have a rapid development or growth
• culminate🔊verbto end by coming to a climactic point
• outclass🔊verbto surpass or exceed others in a particular activity, skill, or performance

Describing Failure13 words

• hand-to-mouth🔊adjectivedescribing a situation where income is just sufficient to cover basic needs
• inefficacious🔊adjectivenot effective in achieving the intended purpose
• unprosperous🔊adjectivenot doing well or not having enough money or success
• bungled🔊adjectivepoorly executed or managed, resulting in a failure to achieve the intended outcome
• unavailing🔊adjectiveresulting in little or no effect or success
• foiled🔊adjectiveprevented from succeeding or achieving a desired outcome
• blunder🔊verbto commit an embarrassing and serious mistake out of carelessness or stupidity
• bungle🔊verbto handle a task or activity clumsily, often causing damage or problem
• fizzle🔊verbto fail or end in a weak or disappointing manner
• underperform🔊verbto not succeed as much as intended
• relinquish🔊verbto give up, surrender, or part with a possession, right, or claim
• fumble🔊verbto handle or grip something clumsily or ineffectively
• languishing🔊adjectivesuffering or experiencing a lack of progress, vitality, or growth, often characterized by a feeling of being stuck or in decline

Describing Body Shape8 words

• spindly🔊adjectivelong, thin, and frail in appearance
• stalwart🔊adjectivepossessing a lot of physical strength
• swole🔊adjectivesignificantly enlarged or heavily muscular, typically due to intense physical exercise or bodybuilding
• thewy🔊adjectivemuscular or possessing well-developed physical strength
• waiflike🔊adjectiveextremely thin and delicate in appearance, often appearing fragile or frail
• well-upholstered🔊adjectivepleasantly plump or generously proportioned in body size
• rubenesque🔊adjective(of a woman) plump or full-figured body, often highlighting voluptuous curves and a more ample physique
• well-padded🔊adjectivehaving extra body weight

Describing Age and Appearance8 words

• pulchritudinous🔊adjectivecharacterized by physical beauty and attractiveness
• ill-favored🔊adjectiveunattractive or unpleasant in appearance
• uninviting🔊adjective(of a place) unpleasant and offering no appeal or comfort
• pubescent🔊adjectiverelating to or in the stage of puberty
• nonagenarian🔊adjectivehaving an age between 90 to 99 years old
• centenarian🔊adjectivehaving reached over the age of 100 years old
• over-the-hill🔊adjectivedescribing someone or something that is considered past their prime or at an advanced age
• uncomely🔊adjectiveunattractive or lacking in beauty or grace

Describing Wellness13 words

• (as|) fit as a fiddle🔊phraseused to refer to someone who is very healthy and in good physical condition
• peppy🔊adjectivehaving a lively and cheerful energy
• spry🔊adjectiveenergetic and agile, especially in older age
• chipper🔊adjectivecheerful, lively, and in good spirits
• valetudinarian🔊adjectivea person who is excessively concerned about their health and often believes they are ill
• ailing🔊adjectivesuffering from an illness or injury
• sallow🔊adjectiveyellowish, sickly, or lacking in healthy color
• prostrate🔊verbto completely overwhelm or weaken someone physically, mentally or emotionally, making them unable to function normally
• spent🔊adjectivefeeling or appearing completely exhausted
• languorous🔊adjectivecharacterized by a lack of energy, listlessness, or a dreamy, relaxed feeling
• enervated🔊adjectiveweakened and depleted of strength or vitality
• revitalizing🔊adjectivehaving the ability to restore vitality or freshness
• stricken🔊adjectiveseverely affected by a harmful condition or troubling emotion

Describing Intelligence8 words

• savvy🔊adjectivepossessing practical knowledge, expertise, or understanding in a particular domain
• solomonic🔊adjectivecharacterized by wisdom, fairness, or sound reasoning
• quick-thinking🔊adjectiveadept at swift, effective decision-making or response in fast-paced scenarios
• moronic🔊adjectivecharacterized by extreme foolishness, lack of intelligence, or absurdity
• nescient🔊adjectivelacking knowledge, awareness, or understanding
• boneheaded🔊adjectivecharacterized by a lack of intelligence, poor judgment, or foolishness
• scatterbrained🔊adjectivehaving a tendency to be forgetful, disorganized, or easily distracted
• farsighted🔊adjectiveshowing the ability to anticipate and plan for the future

Describing Human Traits13 words

• gallant🔊adjective(of a man or his manners) behaving with courtesy and politeness toward women
• prudent🔊adjectiveshowing sensibility and wisdom, especially in avoiding risks or making decisions
• benevolent🔊adjectiveshowing kindness and generosity
• melodramatic🔊adjectiveexaggerated or overly emotional in a theatrical or sensational way
• negligent🔊adjectivefailing to act with the appropriate level of care or attention, often resulting in harm or damage to others
• disdainful🔊adjectiverefusing or rejecting something with a feeling of superiority or contempt
• fickle🔊adjective(of a person) likely to change their mind or feelings in a senseless manner too frequently
• egoistic🔊adjectivecharacterized by an excessive or self-centered focus on one's own interests, needs, or desires
• ungracious🔊adjectivelacking in politeness, courtesy, or good manners
• cynical🔊adjectivehaving a distrustful or negative outlook, often believing that people are motivated by self-interest
• obstinate🔊adjectivestubborn and unwilling to change one's behaviors, opinions, views, etc. despite other people's reasoning and persuasion
• sly🔊adjectiveclever in deceiving or tricking others
• winsome🔊adjectivecharming, sweet, or appealing in an innocent way

Describing Positive Emotional Responses8 words

• rapturous🔊adjectivecharacterized by intense and overwhelming feelings of joy, ecstasy, or enthusiasm
• enlivening🔊adjectivemaking something more vibrant or animated
• mesmerizing🔊adjectiveholding one's attention in a captivating or spellbinding manner
• spellbinding🔊adjectiveso fascinating that it able to hold one's attention completely
• riveting🔊adjectiveholding one's attention completely due to being exciting or interesting
• enchanting🔊adjectivehaving a magical and charming quality that captures attention and brings joy
• invigorating🔊adjectiveproviding energy or strength, often with a sense of renewal
• exhilarated🔊adjectivefilled with a strong sense of excitement or happiness

Describing Negative Emotional Responses23 words

• aggravating🔊adjectivecausing increased annoyance
• off-putting🔊adjectivecausing a feeling of unease, discomfort, or reluctance
• disquieting🔊adjectivemaking one feel worried about something
• perturbing🔊adjectivecausing uneasiness, anxiety, or disturbance
• irksome🔊adjectivecausing annoyance or weariness due to its dull or repetitive nature
• nerve-wracking🔊adjectivecausing extreme anxiety or tension
• repellent🔊adjectivecausing intense dislike, disgust, or aversion
• soul-destroying🔊adjectivecausing extreme emotional distress, despair, or a profound sense of hopelessness
• lamentable🔊adjectivedeserving of pity, regret, or disappointment
• dismaying🔊adjectivecausing concern or disappointment
• dreary🔊adjectiveboring and repetitive that makes one feel unhappy
• anguished🔊adjectiveexperiencing or expressing severe physical or emotional pain
• horrendous🔊adjectivecausing intense shock, fear, or disgust
• abhorrent🔊adjectivecausing strong feelings of dislike, disgust, or hatred
• scandalous🔊adjectiveshocking or disgraceful, often involving immoral or unethical behavior
• dismal🔊adjectivecausing sadness or disappointment
• grandiose🔊adjectiveoverly impressive in size or appearance, often to the point of being excessive or showy in a negative way
• nerve-racking🔊adjectivecausing extreme anxiety, stress, or tension
• demoralizing🔊adjectivecausing a loss of confidence, hope, or enthusiasm
• claustrophobic🔊adjectivecausing a feeling of discomfort, anxiety, or fear due to being in confined places
• obnoxious🔊adjectiveextremely unpleasant or rude
• vengeful🔊adjectivehaving or showing a strong desire for revenge
• vile🔊adjectiveextremely disgusting or unpleasant

Describing Positive Emotional States5 words

• on cloud nine🔊phrasetremendously excited about something
• upheat🔊adjectivehaving a positive, cheerful, or optimistic attitude or mood
• ecstatic🔊adjectiveextremely excited and happy
• blissful🔊adjectiveexperiencing a state of perfect happiness
• jovial🔊adjectivehaving a cheerful and friendly demeanor

Describing Negative Emotional States13 words

• fidgety🔊adjectiveunable to stay still and calm
• weary🔊adjectivefeeling or displaying deep exhaustion
• fatigued🔊adjectiveexperiencing extreme exhaustion
• drained🔊adjectivedepleted of physical or emotional energy
• exasperated🔊adjectivefeeling intense frustration, especially due to an unsolvable problem
• peeved🔊adjectiveirritated or angered by a particular situation or person
• dismayed🔊adjectivedeeply troubled or baffled, often as a result of an unexpected or unfavorable event
• lackadaisical🔊adjectiveidle, indolent, or showing little effort, often in a dreamy or unmotivated way
• slothful🔊adjectiveinclined to laziness
• despondent🔊adjectivefeeling hopeless, discouraged, or in low spirits, often due to a sense of failure or loss
• disheartened🔊adjectivehaving lost all one's courage, hope, or enthusiasm
• dejected🔊adjectivefeeling downcast, discouraged, or in low spirits
• downcast🔊adjective(of a person or their manner) melancholic and full of grief

Describing Social Behaviours7 words

• reticent🔊adjectivereluctant to speak to others, especially about one's thoughts and emotions
• ungracious🔊adjectivelacking in politeness, courtesy, or good manners
• forthright🔊adjective(of a person) straightforward in expressing thoughts or opinions
• standoffish🔊adjectivereserved, aloof, or distant in one's interactions with others, often conveying a sense of unfriendliness or coldness
• backstabbing🔊adjectivebeing dishonest and betraying someone behind their back, without them knowing
• philanthropic🔊adjective(of a person or organization) having a desire to promote the well-being of others, typically through charitable donations or actions
• overindulgent🔊adjectiveexcessively allowing oneself or others to have more than is necessary

Describing Tastes and Smells9 words

• umami🔊noun‌a taste that is not sour, bitter, salty, or sweet, found in some foods such as meat, etc.
• insipid🔊adjectivedescribing food that has no flavor or taste
• nectarous🔊adjectivehaving a deliciously sweet and pleasant taste
• skunky🔊adjectivehaving a strong, pungent smell, often likened to the scent of a skunk
• odoriferous🔊adjectivehaving a distinct and often pleasant natural scent
• ambrosial🔊adjectivedescribing food or aromas that are divine or heavenly
• musty🔊adjectivehaving a stale, moldy, or damp odor, often associated with a lack of freshness and proper ventilation
• musky🔊adjectivehaving a strong and distinctive scent, often associated with musk or similar natural fragrances
• unpalatable🔊adjectivedescribing food that does not have a pleasant taste

Describing Textures10 words

• pulpy🔊adjectivehaving a texture that is soft and mushy, often referring to food that has been overripe or crushed
• rubbery🔊adjectivehaving a soft, flexible, and elastic texture
• lumpy🔊adjectivehaving small, sticky lumps or irregularities in texture
• rigid🔊adjectivenot flexible or easily bent
• satiny🔊adjectivehaving a smooth and luxurious texture
• jagged🔊adjectivehaving rough, uneven, and sharp points or edges
• prickly🔊adjectivehaving a texture that feels sharp, spiky, or rough to the touch
• slimy🔊adjectivehaving a slippery, wet, and often unpleasant texture
• squishy🔊adjectivehaving a soft and compressible texture
• gauzy🔊adjectivethin and sheer in texture, often describing fabrics or materials that allow some light to pass through

Describing Sounds11 words

• shrill🔊adjectivehaving a sharply high-pitched, harsh sound
• muffled🔊adjectivehaving a sound that is muted, subdued, or dampened
• clanging🔊adjectivehaving a loud, sharp, and resonant sound, often characterized by the collision or striking of metal objects
• squeaky🔊adjectiveproducing a high-pitched, sharp sound
• whirring🔊adjectiveproducing a continuous, buzzing, or humming sound
• raspy🔊adjectivehaving a rough sound, often unpleasant to listen to
• blaring🔊adjectiveproducing a loud, harsh, and intense sound, often characterized by its overwhelming volume and piercing quality
• thudding🔊adjectiveproducing a heavy, muffled, and often repeated sound
• guttural🔊adjectivecharacterized by a deep, harsh, throaty sound
• chime🔊verbto make a ringing sound, like a bell or clock
• jangling🔊adjectiveproducing a harsh, discordant sound, often characterized by a series of clashing or clinking noises

Describing Temperature7 words

• sweltering🔊adjectiveextremely hot and uncomfortable, often causing sweating
• sizzling🔊adjectiveso hot as to produce a hissing or crackling sound
• parching🔊adjectivebecoming dried, often due to intense heat or a lack of moisture
• thermic🔊adjectiverelating to or involving the transformation of heat energy
• muggy🔊adjectivecharacterized by high humidity and oppressive warmth
• nippy🔊adjective(of weather) having a sharp, cold quality
• algid🔊adjectiveextremely cold

Expressing Opinions29 words

• dissent🔊verbto give or have opinions that differ from those officially or commonly accepted
• downvote🔊verbto show one's disagreement or disapproval of an online post or comment by clicking on a specific icon
• expostulate🔊verbto strongly argue, disapprove, or disagree with someone or something
• gainsay🔊verbto disagree or deny that something is true
• harrumph🔊verb‌to express disapproval of something by making a noise in the throat
• quibble🔊verbto argue over unimportant things or to complain about them
• deprecate🔊verbto not support and be against something or someone
• frown on🔊verbto disapprove of or have a negative opinion about something, particularly due to being improper or unacceptable
• castigate🔊verbto strongly and harshly criticize someone or something
• denigrate🔊verbto intentionally make harmful statements to damage a person or thing's worth or reputation
• demean🔊verbto behave in a way that lowers the dignity or respect of oneself or others
• carp🔊verbto complain or criticize persistently, often about trivial issues
• grouse🔊verbto express dissatisfaction or injustice about something
• nitpick🔊verbto find fault or criticize small, insignificant details
• kvetch🔊verbto complain or whine persistently and often about trivial matters
• berate🔊verbto criticize someone angrily and harshly
• chide🔊verbto express mild disapproval, often in a gentle or corrective manner
• pan🔊verbto give a strong, negative review or opinion about something
• chastise🔊verbto severely criticize, often with the intention of correcting someone's behavior or actions
• upbraid🔊verbto criticize someone for doing or saying something that one believes to be wrong
• to [find] fault with {sb/sth}🔊phraseto identify or point out flaws, errors, or shortcomings in someone or something
• upvote🔊verbto show one's agreement or approval of an online post or comment by clicking on a specific icon
• accede🔊verbto agree to something such as a request, proposal, demand, etc.
• acquiesce🔊verbto reluctantly accept something without protest
• capitulate🔊verbto surrender after negotiation or when facing overwhelming pressure
• countenance🔊verbto agree and not oppose to something that one generally finds unacceptable or unpleasant
• relent🔊verbto accept something, usually after some resistance
• assent🔊verbto agree to something, such as a suggestion, request, etc.
• conceptualize🔊verbto form an idea or concept in the mind by combining existing ideas or information

Expressing Thoughts and Decisions9 words

• surmise🔊verbto come to a conclusion without enough evidence
• mull over🔊verbto think carefully about something for a long time
• cogitate🔊verbto think carefully about something
• relive🔊verbto experience again, especially in one's thoughts or imagination, as if the event is happening anew
• dredge up🔊verbto bring up or uncover something, especially memories or emotions, that were hidden or forgotten
• spurn🔊verbto reject or refuse disdainfully
• refute🔊verbto state that something is incorrect or false based on evidence
• rebuff🔊verbto reject or dismiss someone or something in an abrupt or blunt manner
• propound🔊verbto put an idea, proposition, theory, etc. forward for further consideration

Expressing Encouragement and Discouragement11 words

• coax🔊verbto persuade someone to do something by being kind and gentle, especially when they may be unwilling
• cajole🔊verbto persuade someone to do something through insincere praises, promises, etc. often in a persistent manner
• reason with🔊verbto talk to someone to convince them to act or think more rationally
• lure🔊verbto trick someone into doing something by offering them a reward or something interesting
• inveigle🔊verbto trick someone into doing something through clever and cunning methods
• entice🔊verbto make someone do something specific, often by offering something attractive
• faze🔊verbto unsettle someone, often leading them to lose their confidence or peace temporarily
• disconcert🔊verbto unsettle someone, causing them to become stressed or lose their confidence
• champion🔊verbto support, defend, or fight for a cause, principle, or person
• endorse🔊verbto publicly state that one supports or approves someone or something
• exhort🔊verbto strongly and enthusiastically encourage someone who is doing something

Expressing Respect and Approval10 words

• felicitate🔊verbto express joy and good wishes to someone for their achievements or on special occasions
• laud🔊verbto praise or express admiration for someone or something
• revere🔊verbto feel deep respect or admiration for someone or something
• eulogize🔊verbto praise highly, especially in a formal speech or writing
• enshrine🔊verbto preserve or cherish as though sacred
• venerate🔊verbto feel or display a great amount of respect toward something or someone
• commend🔊verbto speak positively about someone or something and suggest their suitability
• to [sing] the praises of {sb/sth}🔊phraseto speak or write about someone or something in a very positive and enthusiastic way
• extol🔊verbto praise highly
• hallow🔊verbto make something sacred through religious ceremonies

Expressing Request and Suggestion5 words

• beseech🔊verbto sincerely and desperately ask for something
• impetrate🔊verbto earnestly request or obtain something through prayer, entreaty, or supplication
• query🔊verbto ask questions in order to seek information or clarification
• postulate🔊verbto suggest or assume the existence or truth of something as a basis for reasoning, discussion, or belief
• stipulate🔊verbto specify that something needs to be done or how it should be done, especially as part of an agreement

Expressing Attempt and Prevention16 words

• to [move] heaven and earth🔊phraseto try extremely hard and do everything that one is capable of in order to succeed in something
• overexert🔊verbto strain or expend excessive physical or mental effort beyond one's capacity
• make off🔊verbto leave quickly, often in order to escape or avoid someone or something
• scram🔊verbto move hurriedly, especially to escape or to leave a place abruptly
• shirk🔊verbto avoid or neglect one's responsibilities, often by finding ways to escape from them
• sidestep🔊verbto avoid or bypass a problem, question, or responsibility by addressing it indirectly or by taking a different approach
• shun🔊verbto deliberately avoid, ignore, or keep away from someone or something
• eschew🔊verbto avoid a thing or doing something on purpose
• abscond🔊verbto secretly flee from a place, typically to avoid arrest or prosecution
• skedaddle🔊verbto run away hastily, often in a disorderly or hurried manner
• decamp🔊verbto depart suddenly or unexpectedly
• hinder🔊verbto create obstacles or difficulties that prevent progress, movement, or success
• forestall🔊verbto stop something from happening by acting ahead of time
• stave off🔊verbto delay the occurrence of something undesirable or threatening
• to [break] {one's} neck🔊phraseto put in a great deal of effort to accomplish something
• to [knock] {oneself} out🔊phraseto exert a great deal of effort or energy

Expressing Movements14 words

• waddle🔊verbto walk with short, clumsy steps and a swaying motion from side to side, typically as a result of being overweight or having short legs
• wobble🔊verbto move with an unsteady, rocking, or swaying motion, often implying a lack of stability or balance
• stomp🔊verbto tread heavily and forcefully, often with a rhythmic or deliberate motion
• cartwheel🔊verbto perform a gymnastic move involving rolling the body sideways in a full circle, typically with arms and legs extended
• wriggle🔊verbto twist, turn, or move with quick, contorted motions
• somersault🔊verbto perform a gymnastic or acrobatic movement in which the body makes a complete revolution, typically forwards or backwards, with the feet passing over the head
• flit🔊verbto move quickly and lightly from somewhere or something to another
• jig🔊verbto dance, move, or skip with quick, lively steps
• slither🔊verbto move smoothly and quietly, like a snake
• revolve🔊verbto turn or move around an axis or center
• clamber🔊verbto climb a surface using hands and feet
• plop🔊verbto fall or drop with a soft, muffled sound
• careen🔊verbto move rapidly and erratically, often with a lack of control
• skid🔊verb(of a vehicle) to slide or slip uncontrollably, usually on a slippery surface

Expressing Body Language and Gestures11 words

• guffaw🔊verbto laugh loudly and heartily, especially when something is very funny
• to [wring] {one's} hands🔊phraseto twist and rub one's hands together out of distress or worry
• pout🔊verbto push out one's lips as an expression of displeasure, anger, or sadness
• to [cross] {one's} legs🔊phraseto place one leg over the other, either while sitting or standing
• facepalm🔊verbto cover one's face with one's hand, particularly the palm, often as an expression of frustration, embarrassment, or disbelief
• fidget🔊verbto make small, restless movements or gestures due to nervousness or impatience
• writhe🔊verbto twist or squirm violently, from struggle, physical pain, or emotional distress
• to [blow] a (raspberry|strawberry)🔊phraseto make a buzzing or vibrating sound by blowing air through a curled tongue between the lips, often as a sign of playful teasing
• wince🔊verbto show a facial expression that signifies shame or pain
• squirm🔊verbto move in an uncomfortable or restless manner with twisting or contorted motions
• to flutter {one's} eyelashes🔊phraseto blink quickly in a way that gets someone's attention, often done to show interest or flirt

Commanding and Giving Permissions14 words

• ordain🔊verbto officially order something using one's higher authority
• enjoin🔊verbto tell someone to do something by ordering or instructing them
• deregulate🔊verbto remove or reduce regulations or restrictions on a particular industry or activity
• slap on🔊verbto command someone to do something immediately, often as punishment
• interdict🔊verbto forbid a specific action
• pressurize🔊verbto force someone to do something
• dragoon🔊verbto pressure someone into doing something through intimidation or threats
• condone🔊verbto accept or forgive something that is commonly believed to be wrong
• decree🔊verbto make an official judgment, decision, or order
• halt🔊verbto stop or bring an activity, process, or operation to an end
• constrain🔊verbto force someone to act in a certain way
• squeeze🔊verbto burden or harass someone with difficulties or demands
• ram🔊verbto forcefully push for something to be accepted or approved, often using strong actions to overcome resistance
• begrudge🔊verbto give or allow reluctantly or with displeasure

Engaging in Verbal Communication21 words

• confabulate🔊verbto have a casual and light conversation without sharing a lot of information
• prattle🔊verbto talk a lot about unimportant things and in a way that may seem foolish
• parley🔊verbto discuss the terms of an agreement with an opposing side, usually an enemy
• palaver🔊verbto aimlessly talk a lot
• babble🔊verbto make random, meaningless sounds
• prate🔊verbto talk at length in a foolish or inconsequential way
• natter🔊verbto have a casual conversation, often involving gossip
• blab🔊verbto talk excessively or thoughtlessly
• tattle🔊verbto reveal someone's wrongdoing or misbehavior to others
• yap🔊verbto talk excessively or continuously, often in a way that is annoying to others
• yak🔊verbto talk persistently, often in a tedious or annoying manner
• rant🔊verbto speak loudly, expressing strong opinions or complaints
• gab🔊verbto chat casually for an extended period, often in a lively manner
• orate🔊verbto speak formally and at length, especially in a public setting
• spout🔊verbto speak or express opinions in a lengthy, fervent, or pompous manner
• banter🔊verbto engage in light, playful, and teasing conversation or exchange of remarks
• jaw🔊verbto talk at length in a tedious or annoying way
• falter🔊verbto utter something hesitantly or with uncertainty
• bawl🔊verbto shout loudly and emotionally, often expressing distress, anger, or frustration
• rave🔊verbto talk rapidly and incoherently, making it hard for others to understand what is being said
• scoff🔊verbto mock with contempt

Eating and Drinking12 words

• quaff🔊verbto drink a large quantity of a liquid in a hearty, enthusiastic manner
• imbibe🔊verbto consume or absorb liquids, especially beverages
• chug🔊verbto consume a beverage, usually a carbonated or alcoholic one, quickly and in large gulps
• tuck in🔊verbto eat with enthusiasm and hearty appetite
• wolf🔊verbto eat something quickly and voraciously
• chomp🔊verbto chew or bite down on something with a strong, audible, and repeated motion
• swig🔊verbto drink something in one large gulp or swallow
• gorge🔊verbto eat greedily and in large quantities
• lap up🔊verbto consume a liquid or soft substance with enthusiasm, often using the tongue, as in the manner of an animal drinking or eating
• nosh🔊verbto eat snacks or light meals
• crunch🔊verbto crush or grind something loudly and noisily with the teeth
• partake🔊verbto participate in consuming food

Preparing Food20 words

• charboil🔊verbto grill or barbecue food over direct high heat
• spatchcock🔊verbto split and flatten a poultry or game bird for cooking
• baste🔊verbto pour fat, juices, or other liquid over the surface of food, such as meat or vegetables, while it is cooking
• deglaze🔊verbto dissolve and loosen cooked food particles from the bottom of a pan by adding liquid, often wine, broth, or stock, during cooking
• aerate🔊verbto expose something to fresh air, often to refresh, dry, or ventilate it
• dredge🔊verbto coat or cover food, typically with flour or breadcrumbs, before cooking
• knead🔊verbto form and press dough or wet clay with the hands
• chargrill🔊verbto cook food, especially meat or fish, at a very high temperature
• parboil🔊verbto partly boil food, especially vegetables
• saute🔊verbto quickly fry food in a small amount of hot oil
• broil🔊verbto cook food, especially meat or fish, under or over direct heat
• baste🔊verbto pour fat, juices, or other liquid over the surface of food, such as meat or vegetables, while it is cooking
• braise🔊verbto cook food at a low temperature with a small amount of liquid in a closed container
• filet🔊verbto prepare or cut a piece of meat or fish into boneless, flat pieces, typically removing bones in the process
• nuke🔊verbto heat or cook food rapidly using a microwave oven
• pop🔊verbto cook food in hot oil or fat until it bursts open or becomes crispy, such as popcorn
• zap🔊verbto heat or cook food quickly using a microwave oven
• blanch🔊verbto briefly immerse food in boiling water, often followed by rapid cooling, to preserve color, remove skin, or prepare for freezing
• scald🔊verbto heat a liquid, especially milk or water until it boils or gets close to that degree
• thaw🔊verbto make something melt or soften

Talking about Science9 words

• botany🔊nounthe scientific study of plants, their structure, genetics, classification, etc.
• zoology🔊nouna branch of science that deals with animals
• meteorology🔊nouna field of science that deals with the earth's atmosphere, particularly weather forecasting
• anthropology🔊nounthe study of the origins and developments of the human race and its societies and cultures
• climatology🔊nounthe scientific study of climates, including long-term patterns of temperature, humidity, wind, and other atmospheric conditions
• cybernetics🔊nounthe study of how communication and control work in living organisms and machines, focusing on information flow, feedback, and system regulation
• kinesiology🔊nounthe scientific study of human movement, encompassing the anatomy, physiology, and mechanics involved in physical activity
• pseudoscience🔊nouna set of practices or beliefs that are claimed to be scientific when in reality they have no scientific basis
• archeology🔊nounthe study of civilizations of the past and historical periods by the excavation of sites and the analysis of artifacts and other physical remains

Changing and Forming20 words

• transmogrify🔊verbto completely transform something into a different form
• transpose🔊verbto alter the position, arrangement, or sequence of something
• coagulate🔊verbto change from a liquid to a semi-solid or solid state, often through the process of clotting or curdling
• dissipate🔊verbto gradually disappear or spread out
• sublime🔊verbto cause a solid to turn directly into vapor without melting
• wilt🔊verbto become limp or droopy, usually due to lack of water or loss of vitality
• fragment🔊verbto break into smaller pieces
• sublimate🔊verbto cause a solid to change directly into a gas without passing through the liquid phase
• aggravate🔊verbto make a problem, situation, or condition worse or more serious
• contort🔊verbto twist or bend something out of its normal or natural shape
• bolster🔊verbto enhance the strength or effect of something
• whet🔊verbto sharpen or hone the cutting edge of a blade by rubbing it against a sharpening tool or stone
• amend🔊verbto make adjustments to improve the quality or effectiveness of something
• wither🔊verbto dry up or shrink, typically due to a loss of moisture
• morph🔊verbto cause an object or image to change its shape smoothly and seamlessly
• deteriorate🔊verbto decline in quality, condition, or overall state
• erode🔊verb(of natural forces such as wind, water, or other environmental factors) to gradually wear away or diminish the surface of a material
• dilute🔊verbto make something less forceful, potent, or intense by adding additional elements or substances
• weather🔊verbto make something change in terms of color, shape, etc. due to the effect or influence of the sun, wind, or rain
• distill🔊verbto heat a liquid and turn it into gas then cool it and make it liquid again in order to purify it

Talking about Education16 words

• alumnus🔊nouna person, particularly a male one, who is a former student of a college, university, or school
• commencement🔊nouna formal ceremony marking the completion of an academic program, typically involving the awarding of diplomas or degrees to students who have successfully completed their studies
• endowment🔊nounmoney or property donated to an institution, the income from which is used for its support
• dean🔊nounthe head of a faculty or a department of studies in a university
• grade point average🔊nouna number indicating how well a student is doing in the US education system
• valedictorian🔊nounan elite student with the highest grade throughout school that gets chosen to give a speech at their graduation ceremony
• exeat🔊nouna formal permission to be absent, especially from a school or other institution
• demerit🔊nouna point against someone for a fault or wrongdoing, often used in educational or disciplinary contexts
• colloquium🔊nouna formal and academic conference or seminar
• alumna🔊nouna former female student or pupil of a school, university, or college
• resit🔊nounan opportunity to take an examination again after failing it initially
• practicum🔊nouna supervised practical experience or training period, often part of an academic course, allowing students to apply theoretical knowledge in real-world settings
• flunk🔊verbto fail in reaching the required standard to succeed in a test, course of study, etc.
• invigilate🔊verbto monitor, especially during an examination, to ensure that rules are followed and cheating is prevented
• bursary🔊nouna financial grant or scholarship typically awarded to support a student's education
• scrutinize🔊verbto examine something closely and carefully in order to find errors

Talking about Astronomy13 words

• quasar🔊nouna highly energetic celestial object emitting powerful radiation from the center of a galaxy, often associated with a supermassive black hole
• kuiper belt🔊nouna region beyond Neptune in the solar system containing icy objects like dwarf planets, asteroids, and comets
• oort cloud🔊nouna distant, hypothetical region surrounding the solar system, thought to harbor icy bodies and comets
• parallax🔊nounthe apparent displacement or difference in the apparent position of an object when viewed along two different lines of sight, often used in astronomy to measure the distance of nearby stars
• supernova🔊nounan exploding star that as a result is emitting a very large amount of light, more than the sun
• pulsar🔊nouna highly magnetized, rotating neutron star that emits beams of electromagnetic radiation from its magnetic poles
• troposphere🔊nounthe lowest layer of Earth's atmosphere, extending from the surface up to an average altitude of about 8-15 kilometers
• stratosphere🔊nounthe atmospheric layer above the troposphere, where temperature generally increases with altitude and the ozone layer is situated
• mesosphere🔊nounthe atmospheric layer above the stratosphere, where temperatures decrease with altitude and it extends up to the mesopause
• thermosphere🔊nounthe atmospheric layer above the mesosphere, where temperatures increase with altitude and it extends to the exosphere
• ionosphere🔊nouna layer in the upper atmosphere containing ions and free electrons, affecting radio communication and contributing to auroras
• exosphere🔊nounthe outermost layer of Earth's atmosphere, transitioning to outer space, with extremely low gas densities
• magnetosphere🔊nounthe protective magnetic field region around a celestial body, shielding it from solar wind and charged particles

Talking about Physics14 words

• electromagnetism🔊nouna branch of physics that studies the relationship between electric and magnetic fields, encompassing the electromagnetic force and electromagnetic interactions
• pneumatics🔊nouna branch of engineering and physics that deals with the mechanical properties of gases, especially air, and the application of pressurized air to produce motion or mechanical effects
• diffraction🔊nounthe bending, spreading, and interference of waves as they encounter obstacles or pass through narrow openings, often observed in the behavior of light, sound, or other waves
• string theory🔊nouna scientific idea that all particles are tiny vibrating strings, not point-like dots, and these vibrations create different particles and forces
• lepton🔊nouna fundamental particle with half-integer spin, including electrons and their heavier counterparts, as well as neutrinos
• hadron🔊nouna tiny particle made up of even smaller parts called quarks, like protons and neutrons
• velocity🔊nounthe speed at which something moves in a specific direction
• amplitude🔊noun(physics) the maximum distance a vibrating material, sound wave, etc. such as a pendulum travels from its first position
• fermion🔊nountiny particles that make up matter and have a property called spin, like the building blocks of atoms
• boson🔊nouna tiny particle with whole-number spin, such as photons or the Higgs boson, often associated with carrying fundamental forces or giving mass to other particles
• centripetal force🔊nounthe force that acts on an object moving in a circular path, directed toward the center of the circle or the axis of rotation, preventing the object from moving in a straight line
• coulomb🔊nounthe unit of electric charge in the International System of Units (SI), equal to the charge transported by a constant current of one ampere in one second
• doppler effect🔊nounthe change in frequency or wavelength of a wave in relation to an observer who is moving relative to the source of the wave, producing a shift in pitch or color
• kinetic energy🔊nounthe energy possessed by an object due to its motion, defined as one-half the mass of the object multiplied by the square of its velocity, expressed by the equation KE = 0.5 * m * v^2

Talking about Biology33 words

• ribosome🔊nouna tiny structure within cells that assembles proteins by reading the genetic instructions carried by messenger RNA
• Golgi apparatus🔊nouna cellular organelle involved in the processing, packaging, and distribution of proteins and lipids within the cell, consisting of a stack of flattened membrane sacs called cisternae
• lysosome🔊nouna small, enzyme-filled sac in a cell that breaks down waste materials and unwanted substances
• mitochondrion🔊nounan organelle that is abundantly present in most cells and is responsible for energy production
• chromosome🔊nouna very small threadlike structure in a living organism that carries the genes and genetic information
• chloroplast🔊nouna plant cell organelle that uses sunlight to produce energy and make glucose through photosynthesis
• cytoplasm🔊nounthe gel-like, semifluid substance within a cell that surrounds the organelles, providing a medium for cellular activities, including metabolism, transport of substances, and support for cellular structures
• cytoplast🔊nouna cell that has had its nucleus removed or the cellular material excluding the nucleus
• cytoskeleton🔊nouna network of protein fibers in a cell that gives it shape, supports its structure, and aids in movement
• nucleotide🔊nouna molecule that forms the basic building block of DNA and RNA, consisting of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
• genome🔊nounthe complete set of genetic material of any living thing
• polypeptide🔊nouna linear chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds, forming a primary structure of a protein
• organelle🔊nouna specialized, membrane-bound structure within a cell that performs specific functions, contributing to the cell's overall structure and function
• vacuole🔊nouna cell organelle in plants, fungi, and some protists that stores nutrients, manages waste, and helps maintain cell pressure
• centriole🔊nouna pair of small cylinders near the nucleus in animal cells, organizing cell division by forming the mitotic spindle
• telomere🔊nouna repetitive DNA sequence at the end of a linear chromosome, protecting it from deterioration during replication, and playing a role in cellular aging and cancer development
• histone🔊nouna type of protein that plays a structural role in the packaging of DNA into nucleosomes, fundamental units of chromatin
• phenotype🔊nounthe observable physical and behavioral characteristics of an organism, resulting from the interaction of its genotype (genetic makeup) with the environment
• homeostasis🔊nounthe tendency of an organism or cell to regulate its internal environment and maintain a stable, balanced condition, despite external changes
• transcription🔊nounthe process by which a segment of DNA is used as a template to synthesize a complementary RNA molecule
• heterozygote🔊nounan individual organism or cell with two different alleles at a specific gene locus, having inherited different genetic information from each parent
• homozygote🔊nounan individual organism or cell with two identical alleles at a specific gene locus, having inherited the same genetic information from both parents
• codon🔊nouna sequence of three adjacent nucleotides in mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid during protein synthesis or serves as a start or stop signal in the translation process
• symbiosis🔊nouna close and often long-term interaction between two different species living in close physical association, typically to the advantage of both
• ameba🔊nouna single-celled, microscopic organism belonging to the group of protozoa, characterized by a flexible cell membrane and the absence of a fixed body shape
• capsid🔊nounthe protein coat of a virus that encases its genetic material and helps it attach to and enter host cells during infection
• chlorophyll🔊nouna green pigment found in all green plants and cyanobacteria that is responsible for the absorption of the sunlight needed for the photosynthesis process
• eukaryote🔊nouna type of living thing with cells that have a nucleus and other structures enclosed in membranes, like plants, animals, fungi, and some microorganisms
• fetus🔊nounan offspring of a human or animal that is not born yet, particularly a human aged more than eight weeks after conception
• ovum🔊nouna mature, female reproductive cell or egg, typically larger than a sperm cell, capable of fusing with a sperm cell during fertilization to form a zygote
• pepsin🔊nounan enzyme produced in the stomach that helps in the digestion of proteins by breaking them down into smaller peptides
• adenosine triphosphate🔊nouna molecule that carries energy within cells, composed of adenine, a ribose sugar, and three phosphate groups
• prokaryote🔊nouna simple, single-celled organism that lacks a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, such as bacteria and archaea

Talking about Chemistry19 words

• solute🔊nouna substance that is dissolved in a solvent, resulting in a solution
• reactant🔊nouna substance that takes part in and undergoes a chemical reaction, leading to the formation of new products
• catalysis🔊nounthe acceleration or facilitation of a chemical reaction by a substance (catalyst) that remains unchanged at the end of the reaction
• covalent bond🔊nouna chemical bond where atoms share electrons to form a stable molecule
• isomer🔊nounany of two or more compounds having the same molecular formula but different arrangements of atoms and, consequently, different properties
• polymer🔊nouna large molecule composed of repeating structural units, or monomers, covalently bonded together in a chain-like structure
• monomer🔊nouna molecule that can chemically bond with other molecules to form a polymer
• hydrocarbon🔊nouna compound composed of hydrogen and carbon atoms, with the simplest form being alkanes, alkenes, or alkynes
• ester🔊nouna chemical compound derived from the reaction between an alcohol and an organic acid, typically with the elimination of water
• aldehyde🔊nounan organic compound with a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to a hydrogen atom and another carbon atom, commonly found in essential oils and used in various chemical processes
• ketone🔊nounan organic compound with a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to two carbon atoms, commonly found in solvents, pharmaceuticals, and flavorings
• oxidation-reduction🔊nouna chemical reaction where electrons are transferred between substances
• molarity🔊nounthe concentration of a solute in a solution, measured in moles per liter (mol/L or M)
• electrolyte🔊nouna substance that, when dissolved in a solution, produces ions and enables the conduction of electric current
• enthalpy🔊nouna thermodynamic quantity representing the total heat content of a system, commonly denoted as H
• entropy🔊nouna thermodynamic measure of the degree of disorder or randomness in a system, denoted by S
• colloid🔊nouna mixture where small particles of one substance are evenly dispersed in another substance, typically intermediate in size between solution and suspension particles
• corrosion🔊nounthe gradual destruction of materials by chemical reaction, usually of metals
• alkali🔊nounany water-soluble compound that can turn litmus blue and reacts with an acid to form a salt and water

Talking about Geology16 words

• tectonics🔊nounthe scientific study of the Earth's lithosphere and the processes that shape its structure, including the movement of tectonic plates, earthquakes, and volcanic activity
• fissure🔊noun(in geology) a narrow break or crack that partially divides a rock or surface without completely separating it
• subduction🔊nouna geological process where one tectonic plate moves under another and sinks into the Earth's mantle
• isostasy🔊nounthe gravitational balance between Earth's rigid lithosphere and the underlying, semi-fluid asthenosphere, influencing variations in surface elevation
• lithosphere🔊nounthe Earth's rigid outer layer, made up of the crust and upper mantle, and divided into tectonic plates
• asthenosphere🔊nouna layer of semi-fluid rock beneath the Earth's crust that allows tectonic plates to move
• karst🔊nouna landscape formed from the dissolution of soluble rocks, characterized by sinkholes, caves, and underground drainage systems
• orogeny🔊nounthe geological process of mountain building, usually occurring due to the collision or convergence of tectonic plates
• geode🔊nouna hollow rock with a cavity inside, lined with crystals or mineral material, formed through natural processes and often valued for its aesthetic qualities
• kimberlite🔊nouna volcanic rock that often contains diamonds, formed during explosive eruptions from the Earth's mantle, and is of particular interest in diamond exploration and mining
• glaciation🔊nounthe geological process involving the expansion and movement of glaciers, shaping landscapes through erosion, deposition, and the formation of distinctive glacial landforms
• moraine🔊nouna deposit of rocks, sediment, and glacial material left by a moving glacier, forming distinctive landforms along its edges or terminus
• drumlin🔊nouna streamlined, elongated hill formed by glacial action, with a teardrop shape and the steeper end facing the direction of ice movement
• seismology🔊nounthe scientific study of earthquakes and seismic waves, providing insights into Earth's interior, tectonic plate movement, and earthquake hazards
• caldera🔊nouna large, basin-shaped volcanic crater formed by the collapse of a volcano after a massive eruption
• diagenesis🔊nounthe physical and chemical changes occurring in sediments between their deposition and their consolidation into sedimentary rock

Talking about Philosophy17 words

• metaphysics🔊nouna branch of philosophy that deals with abstract concepts such as existence or reality
• epistemology🔊nounthe branch of philosophy that studies the nature, sources, and limits of knowledge
• nihilism🔊nounthe rejection or denial of all established authority, values, and institutions
• utilitarianism🔊nounthe doctrine that the best measure or decision is the one that satisfies the majority of people
• stoicism🔊nounan ancient Greek philosophy that values virtue and encourages living in harmony with nature's divine Reason
• solipsism🔊nouna philosophical concept or belief system that asserts the self as the only reality and that only the individual's mind is sure to exist
• ontology🔊nounthe branch of philosophy that is concerned with concepts such as existence, being, and reality
• monism🔊nouna philosophical theory asserting that all of reality is fundamentally unified and derived from a single substance or principle
• objectivism🔊nouna philosophy that emphasizes individual rights, reason, and laissez-faire capitalism
• subjectivism🔊nouna notion in philosophy according to which knowledge, moral values, and ethical obligations are subjective and there is no external or objective truth
• teleology🔊nounthe study of purpose, design, and final causes in the natural world, exploring the idea that things have inherent goals or intentions
• cogito🔊nounthe philosophy illustrating the core acknowledgment of one's existence through the act of thinking
• monad🔊nouna fundamental, indivisible entity or substance, often associated with Leibnizian philosophy, possessing inherent characteristics and reflecting the entire universe from its unique perspective
• pragmatism🔊nouna philosophical movement that emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, emphasizing the practical consequences and real-world effectiveness of beliefs, theories, and actions
• noumenon🔊nouna philosophical term referring to the intrinsic nature of a thing, independent of human perception, in contrast to phenomena which are how things appear to human observers
• fatalism🔊nounthe philosophical doctrine that all events are predetermined and humans cannot change them
• tenet🔊nouna fundamental belief or principle that is central to a system of thought, philosophy, or religion

Talking about Psychology12 words

• schizophrenia🔊nouna chronic mental disorder in which a person's ability to think, feel or behave is affected, often associated with the distortion of reality
• neurosis🔊nouna mental condition that is not caused by organic disease in which one is constantly anxious, worried, and stressed
• cognitive behavioral therapy🔊nouna psychotherapy that targets negative thoughts and behaviors to address mental health issues
• psychosis🔊nouna severe mental condition in which the patient loses contact with external reality
• body dysmorphic disorder🔊nouna psychological disorder that causes a person to spend a lot of time thinking obsessively about the imaginary imperfections in their appearance
• obsessive-compulsive disorder🔊nouna disorder causing a person to have recurring unwanted thoughts or to do something such as cleaning or checking on something over and over
• post-traumatic stress disorder🔊nouna disorder that is formed in a person who has experienced a very shocking or frightening event, causing them to have nightmares or flashbacks from the event
• attention deficit hyperactivity disorder🔊nouna condition, experienced mostly by children, making them seem restless, unable to keep focus, and act impulsively
• borderline personality disorder🔊nouna mental illness that causes a person to act impulsively, to experience severe shifts in mood, and to be unable to form interpersonal relationships
• dissociative identity disorder🔊nouna psychological condition in which there are more than one personality in a person, each personality has different memories and patterns of behavior
• coping mechanism🔊nouna strategy or behavior used to manage or counteract challenging emotions, thoughts, or situations
• defense mechanism🔊nounan unconscious mental strategy individuals use to cope with anxiety, discomfort, or threatening emotions

Talking about Maths and Graphs8 words

• variance🔊nouna measure of the dispersion or spread of a set of data points in statistics, representing the average squared deviation from the mean
• calculus🔊nounthe branch of mathematics that comprises differentials and integrals
• catastrophe theory🔊nouna branch of mathematics that studies and classifies phenomena characterized by sudden shifts in behavior arising from small changes in circumstances
• donut chart🔊nouna circular graphic, similar to a pie chart, with a blank center, used to represent proportional data
• flow chart🔊nouna graphic representation of the step-by-step sequence of functions in a computer program
• bubble chart🔊nouna graphical representation using circles (bubbles) to display three dimensions of data: two on the axis and one represented by the bubble size
• quartile🔊nouna statistical measure that divides a dataset into four equal parts, representing points that indicate the distribution of the data
• candlestick chart🔊nouna financial chart used to represent price movements, typically displaying open, high, low, and close values for a specific time period

Talking about Geometry15 words

• parallelogram🔊noun(geometry) any flat shape with four straight sides, the opposite sides of which are equal and parallel to each other
• tetrahedron🔊noun(geometry) a polyhedron with four flat sides, a triangular pyramid
• octahedron🔊nouna geometric figure with eight triangular faces, twelve edges, and six vertices
• dodecahedron🔊nouna three-dimensional figure with twelve regular pentagonal faces, thirty edges, and twenty vertices
• icosahedron🔊nouna three-dimensional figure with twenty equilateral triangle faces, thirty edges, and twelve vertices
• parabola🔊noun(geometry) a symmetrical open curve that is similar to the path of an object thrown into the air passes till it falls back to earth
• hyperbola🔊nouna geometric curve formed by the intersection of a plane with two cones, resulting in two symmetrical branches
• frustum🔊nounthe section of a solid shape that remains after a parallel cut, featuring a flat top and a bottom that is larger or smaller than the top
• helicoid🔊nouna surface in three-dimensional space formed by moving a straight line along a helix
• annulus🔊nouna mathematical shape formed by the region between two concentric circles in a plane
• rhombus🔊noun(geometry) a flat shape with four equal sides in which opposite angles are equal
• asymptote🔊nouna straight line that a curve approaches indefinitely but never intersects, characterizing the limiting behavior of the curve
• trapezoid🔊noun(geometry) a flat shape with four flat sides, two of which are parallel
• lattice🔊nouna structure made of strips of wood, metal, or other rigid material arranged in a criss-crossed, grid-like pattern
• icosagon🔊nouna polygon with twenty sides and twenty angles

Talking about Environment11 words

• gaia🔊nounthe theory that Earth's living and non-living components form a self-regulating system, maintaining conditions for life
• green audit🔊nounan evaluation of an organization's processes and policies to assess its environmental impact and adherence to environmental regulations
• BIOME🔊nouna large geographic biotic unit characterized by similar climate, vegetation, and animal life
• carbon sequestration🔊nounthe process of capturing and storing atmospheric carbon dioxide to mitigate global warming
• green manure🔊nouncrops, such as legumes or cover crops, grown and then plowed under to enrich the soil with organic matter and nutrients
• greenway🔊nouna strip of undeveloped land, often planted with vegetation, designed for recreational use, pedestrian and bicycle paths, and environmental preservation
• greenwashing🔊nounthe deceptive practice of promoting products or policies as environmentally friendly when they are not
• rewilding🔊nounthe practice of restoring natural ecosystems and reintroducing native species to areas from which they have been extirpated
• wildlife corridor🔊nouna protected route or habitat that connects isolated populations, allowing animals to move freely and safely between habitats
• flight shame🔊nounthe guilt associated with flying due to its environmental impact, especially carbon emissions
• cap and trade🔊nounan environmental policy where companies are allocated emission limits, and those emitting below their limits can sell their extra allowances to higher emitters

Talking about Energy and Power8 words

• substation🔊nouna facility that transforms voltage levels and regulates electrical currents, typically situated in an electrical power distribution system
• transformer🔊nounan electric device that is used to increase or decrease the voltage of an alternating current
• fracking🔊nouna method used to extract natural gas or oil from deep underground by injecting high-pressure fluid to fracture rock formations
• conduit🔊nouna pipe, tube, or channel that is used to protect, enclose, or route electrical wires, cables, or other utilities for the purpose of safe and organized transmission
• alternating current🔊nounan electric current that reverses direction periodically, typically used in power distribution systems due to its efficiency in long-distance transmission
• alternative fuel🔊nounany fuel that can be used instead of fossil fuels
• biofuel🔊nouna type of fuel made from living matter, such as plants or waste, that can be used as a renewable energy source
• biogas🔊nouna gas, especially methane, that is produced as a result of the decomposition of animal or plant remains, which is used as fuel

Talking about Landscape and Geography22 words

• strait🔊nouna narrow passage of water connecting two larger bodies of water, often linking two seas or an inlet with a larger expanse of water
• glacier🔊nouna large mass of ice that forms over long periods of time, especially in polar regions or high mountains
• savannah🔊nounan expansive flat land covered in grass, scattered with trees, and found in tropical or subtropical areas
• meridian🔊nounone of the imaginary lines between the North Pole and the South Pole, drawn on maps to help pinpoint a location
• topography🔊nounthe arrangement and physical features of a surface, including its natural and man-made elements
• cartography🔊nouna branch of science and art that consists of creating maps
• atoll🔊nouna circular coral reef with a lagoon in the middle
• creek🔊nouna narrow, shallow watercourse, often flowing through a confined natural channel
• tributary🔊nouna watercourse that flows into a larger river or body of water
• marsh🔊nounan area of soft, wet, low-lying land, typically characterized by grasses and other non-woody plants, and often found at the edges of lakes, rivers, or coastal areas
• escarpment🔊nouna steep, high slope or cliff formed by erosion
• butte🔊nouna hill with steep, flat sides and a flat top, often found in desert areas
• estuary🔊nounthe part of a river that is wide and where it meets the sea
• fjord🔊nouna steep, deep, and narrow sea inlet surrounded by tall cliffs, created by a glacier
• geyser🔊nouna natural hot spring that periodically erupts with a column of boiling water and steam due to underground volcanic activity
• isthmus🔊nouna narrow piece of land with water on each side that connects two larger areas
• lagoon🔊nouna shallow body of water separated from a larger body of water, often by a barrier island, coral reef, or sandbar
• precipice🔊nouna steep cliff or edge of a rock face, often with a significant drop
• ravine🔊nouna deep narrow valley with steep sides, usually worn by a stream
• knoll🔊nouna small, rounded hill or mound, often found in a grassy or wooded area
• terrain🔊nounan area of land, particularly in reference to its physical or natural features
• boulder🔊nouna large rock, usually one that has been shaped by natural forces such as water or ice

Talking about Engineering14 words

• microelectronics🔊nouna branch of electronics that deals with the design and manufacture of extremely small electronic components and circuits, typically using semiconductor materials such as silicon
• ball bearing🔊nouna type of rolling-element bearing that uses balls to maintain the separation between the bearing races, reducing friction and enabling smooth rotation
• belt drive🔊nouna mechanical transmission system using a flexible belt to transfer power between rotating shafts
• test bench🔊nounan environment that can be used to verify the correctness of a model or design
• cog🔊nouna wheel with a set of square or triangular teeth sticking out around the edge that fits into the edge of a similar wheel, causing both wheels to turn
• drive shaft🔊nouna mechanical component that transmits rotational power from the engine to the wheels or other driven components of a vehicle or machine
• gearing🔊noungears, toothed wheels, or mechanical components designed to transmit and control power between rotating shafts in a machine, vehicle, or system
• overhaul🔊nouna thorough inspection and repair of a machine or system to improve its performance or extend its lifespan
• rivet🔊nouna permanent fastener with a head on one end and a deformable shaft that forms a second head when joining materials together
• sprocket🔊nouna toothed wheel with projections that mesh with a chain, track, or other perforated or indented material, typically used to transmit motion or power in machinery, vehicles, or bicycles
• lathe🔊nouna machine tool that rotates a workpiece so one can shape it by cutting, sanding, or drilling
• computer-aided design technician🔊nouna professional who uses specialized software to create detailed drawings and plans for buildings, machines, or products
• kinematics🔊nounthe branch of mechanics that studies the motion of objects without considering the forces that cause the motion
• torque🔊nouna rotational force measured in newton-meters or foot-pounds

Talking about Technology12 words

• metaverse🔊nouna virtual reality space that combines multiple digital environments and experiences
• text to speech🔊nouna technology that converts written text into spoken voice output
• plug and play🔊nouna technology that allows devices to be connected to a computer system and used without requiring extensive installation or configuration
• Blu-ray🔊nouna type of blue disk on which large data such as high-definition videos can be stored
• dongle🔊nouna small hardware device that connects to a computer, smartphone, or other electronic device to provide additional functionality
• palmtop🔊nouna small, handheld computer that fits in the palm of one's hand
• video display🔊nouna device that presents visual information, often in the form of images or videos, for user observation
• encryption🔊nounthe process of converting data into a coded form to prevent unauthorized access
• pen drive🔊nouna small, portable storage device that connects to a computer via a USB port
• toggle button🔊nouna type of switch used in user interfaces to turn a single setting on or off
• bootstrap🔊nouna program that automatically loads and initializes the operating system on a computer
• automate🔊verbto make a process, task, or system operate automatically, often through the use of technology or machinery, reducing the need for manual intervention

Talking about Internet15 words

• application programming interface🔊phrasea set of protocols and tools that allows different software applications to communicate with each other
• IP address🔊noun(computing) a set of numbers separated by dots that a computer with an active Internet connection is identified with
• URL🔊nounthe address of a resource on the Internet
• HTTP🔊nounthe system in HTML in which data is being sent and received on World Wide Web
• bandwidth🔊nounthe maximum rate of data transfer of an electronic communication system
• local area network🔊phrasea network for communication between computers, usually within a building
• Domain Name System🔊phrasea decentralized naming system used on the Internet to translate human-readable domain names into numerical IP addresses that computers can understand, enabling the proper routing of data between devices and servers
• proxy server🔊nouna server that acts as an intermediary between a user's device and the internet, forwarding requests and responses to enhance security, privacy, or performance
• portal🔊noun(computing) a website that serves as a point of entry to other websites, with a collection of links categorized based on topic through which the user can search
• HTML🔊noun(computing) a markup language used for the documents that are supposed to be displayed on the World Wide Web
• back end🔊nouna part of a computer responsible for storing and controlling data where users cannot easily access
• courseware🔊nouna type of educational software or online materials designed for teaching specific subjects or skills
• trojan horse🔊nouna harmful program that pretends to be legitimate and can give unauthorized access to a device
• augmented reality🔊nouna technology that overlays computer-generated information, such as images or data, onto the real world, enhancing the user's perception and interaction with their environment
• cyberbullying🔊nounthe use of electronic communication to harass, intimidate, or harm others, typically through social media, messaging apps, or online platforms

Talking about Computer15 words

• compiler🔊nouna program that translates source code written in a programming language into machine code or bytecode, allowing the computer's central processing unit (CPU) to execute the program
• processor🔊noun(computing) the part of a computer by which all programs work
• graphics card🔊nouna piece of hardware that processes and renders images, video, and animations for display on a computer monitor
• chipset🔊nouna group of integrated circuits that work together to manage data flow between the processor, memory, and peripherals of a computer or device
• firmware🔊noun(computing) a type of software stored in a way that it cannot be modified or erased
• applet🔊nouna small, specialized application or program designed to perform a specific task within a larger software context, often used for interactive or dynamic features
• debugger🔊nouna software tool or program used by developers to identify and rectify errors, known as bugs, in computer programs
• interface🔊noun(computing) the program through which a user can interact with a computer, especially its design and appearance
• mainframe🔊nounA robust and secure computing infrastructure used for processing, storing, and managing vast amounts of data in enterprises.
• graphics processing unit🔊nouna specialized electronic circuit designed to accelerate the processing of images and videos for output to a display
• read-only memory🔊nouna type of non-volatile memory in a computer or electronic device where data is permanently stored
• solid-state drive🔊nouna device fixed in a computer to store information, which retains data if power goes off and is much faster compared to a hard drive
• random-access memory🔊nouna type of computer memory tasked with temporarily storing data for a quicker access
• hard disk drive🔊nouna disk on which data is stored, either inside or outside a computer
• central processing unit🔊nounthe part of a computer where operations are controlled and executed

Talking about History12 words

• coronation🔊nounthe formal ceremony or event during which a monarch or sovereign is officially crowned and invested with regal authority
• galley🔊nouna large medieval Mediterranean vessel, typically with a single deck, propelled by sails and oars, armed at bow and stern, and manned by up to 1,000 men, used for war and trade
• anachronism🔊nounsomething occurring at a time when it could not have existed or happened
• belle epoque🔊nouna period in Western Europe (1871-1914) marked by peace, optimism, and cultural growth
• neanderthal🔊nounan extinct hominid species closely related to modern humans, characterized by a robust build and distinctive facial features, that lived in Europe and parts of Asia until approximately 40,000 years ago
• paleontology🔊nounthe branch of science that studies fossils
• zeitgeist🔊nounthe defining spirit or mood of a particular period in history, reflecting the ideas and beliefs of the time
• chronicle🔊verbto record a series of historical events in a detailed way by a chronological order
• relic🔊nounan object or part of an object surviving from the past, typically with historical or emotional value, often linked to a person, event, or era
• dynasty🔊nouna lineage of kings who rule a country or nation over a long period of time
• crusade🔊nouna medieval military expedition by European Christians to reclaim or defend Christian territories in the Holy Land
• decolonization🔊nounthe process by which colonies or territories gain independence from colonial rule

Talking about Religion27 words

• apostle🔊nounany one of the twelve disciples of Jesus
• exorcism🔊nounthe religious or spiritual practice of driving out evil spirits or entities from a person or place
• sacrilege🔊nounthe act of disrespectfully treating a sacred item or place
• pantheism🔊nounthe belief that God and the universe are one and the same, considering the entire natural world as a divine expression of God
• polytheism🔊nounthe belief in or worship of multiple gods or deities
• purgatory🔊nounin certain Christian beliefs, a temporary state of purification for souls after death, preparing them for entry into heaven
• eschatology🔊nounthe branch of theology concerned with the study of the end times, final events, and the ultimate destiny of humanity and the world
• resurrection🔊nounthe return to life of Christ on the third day after his death on the cross, according to the New Testament
• sanctity🔊nounthe state or quality of being sacred or morally pure
• commandment🔊nounone of the biblical Ten Commandments, guiding ethical conduct in religious traditions
• creationism🔊nounthe belief that the universe and living organisms originated through divine acts of creation, often differing from scientific explanations such as evolution
• deadly sin🔊nouna severe or morally corrupting sin, traditionally one of seven sins in Christian theology, including lust, gluttony, greed, sloth, wrath, envy, and pride
• doomsday🔊nouna belief or prophecy predicting a catastrophic end to the world within religious traditions
• millenarianism🔊nounthe belief, in Christian eschatology, that Christ will reign on Earth for a thousand years as described in the Book of Revelation
• paganism🔊nounthe belief in or worship of multiple deities, often associated with nature, and typically not adhering to major world religions such as Christianity, Islam, or Judaism
• predestination🔊noun(in theology) the doctrine that all events, including human salvation or damnation, are determined in advance by God
• abbess🔊nounthe female head of an abbey, convent, or other religious houses of nuns
• abbot🔊nounthe male spiritual leader and administrator of an abbey, monastery, or group of monasteries
• rosary🔊nouna set of beads used for counting prayers, especially in the Catholic tradition
• providence🔊nounthe divine guidance, care, and intervention of a higher power
• sectarianism🔊nounthe intense devotion to a particular religious or political sect, often leading to prejudice or discrimination against members of other sects
• agnosticism🔊noununcertainty or lack of commitment regarding the existence of deities or the ability to know and comprehend the nature of ultimate reality
• apocalypse🔊nouna catastrophic event, often with cosmic or divine origins, believed to cause widespread destruction or significant change in the world
• theosophy🔊nouna religious and philosophical system that seeks to explore the mysteries of the divine and the nature of reality through a combination of spiritual insight, ancient wisdom, and esoteric teachings
• synagogue🔊nouna place of worship and religious study for Jews
• hermit🔊nouna person who lives a very simple life in solitude as a religious practice
• consecration🔊nounact or ceremony of declaring something sacred or dedicated to a divine purpose, particularly in Christianity

Talking about Culture and Custom14 words

• hegemony🔊nounthe dominance or control exercised by one group, entity, or state over others, especially in the realms of politics, culture, or ideology
• egalitarianism🔊nounthe belief in and advocacy for the equal rights, opportunities, and treatment of all individuals, regardless of their gender, race, social class, or other distinguishing characteristics
• mores🔊nounthe customs and values of a society that characterize it
• ethnocentrism🔊nounthe tendency to evaluate and judge other cultures or groups based on the standards and values of one's own, often resulting in a belief in the superiority of one's own culture or group
• diaspora🔊nounthe dispersion or scattering of a community or ethnic group from their ancestral or original homeland
• ethnography🔊nounthe in-depth study of people and cultures through direct observation and interaction
• acculturation🔊nounthe process of cultural exchange and adaptation when individuals or groups from different cultures come into contact, leading to changes in their respective cultural patterns
• counterculture🔊nouna social and cultural movement that emerges in opposition to prevailing mainstream norms, values, and practices
• totem🔊nouna natural object, often an animal or plant, that is considered sacred and serves as a symbol or emblem for a particular group, clan, or family
• conventionality🔊nounconformity with accepted ideas, practices, or standards of thought and behavior
• credo🔊nouna formal statement of beliefs or principles, often religious or philosophical in nature
• precept🔊nouna guiding principle, intended to provide moral guidance or a basis for behavior
• pageantry🔊nounthe elaborate display or ceremonial spectacle associated with public events, celebrations, or formal occasions
• animism🔊nounthe belief in spirits residing within natural elements, objects, and living beings

Talking about Language11 words

• apposition🔊noun(grammar) the use of two adjacent noun phrases having the same referent that have the same syntactical role in a sentence
• portmanteau word🔊nouna new word that is formed by the combination of two other words blending their meaning and sounds
• morpheme🔊noun(linguistics) the smallest meaningful unit of a language that does not necessarily stand alone and cannot be divided
• lexicon🔊nounthe complete set of meaningful units in a language or a branch of knowledge, or words or phrases that a speaker uses
• anaphora🔊noun(grammar) a word or phrase that refers to a preceding word or phrase
• linguist🔊nounan expert in the study of language, examining its structure, development, and cultural aspects
• glossary🔊nouna list of technical terms or jargons of a particular field or text, provided in alphabetical order with an explanation for each one
• orthography🔊nounthe standardized set of rules and conventions for spelling and writing within a particular language or writing system, guiding the proper representation of words and symbols
• etymology🔊nounthe study of the origins and historical developments of words and their meanings
• semasiology🔊nounthe branch of linguistics that focuses on the study of meaning in language, examining how words, signs, and other linguistic units acquire and convey meaning within a particular language or across languages
• philology🔊nounthe study of language, literature, and historical texts to understand their origins, development, and cultural context, encompassing areas such as linguistics, textual criticism, and literary analysis

Talking about Arts12 words

• altarpiece🔊nouna work of art that is placed above or behind an altar
• etching🔊nounthe process of creating designs on a metal plate by cutting or using acid, and producing prints from it
• impasto🔊nouna painting technique in which paint is applied so thickly to the canvas or panel that the brush strokes are visible
• pointillism🔊nouna painting created using dots and small strokes of color
• photomontage🔊nouna picture that is made up of different images put together
• printmaking🔊nounthe activity of reproducing designs or pictures by pressing a raised surface covered in ink against paper
• ceramics🔊nounthe process or art of making objects out of clay that are heated to become resistant
• mural🔊nouna large painting done on a wall
• calligraphy🔊nounthe art of producing beautiful handwriting using special writing instruments such as a dip or brush pen
• lithography🔊nouna type of printing process that uses a flat stone or metal plate with a design etched into it to transfer ink to paper
• neoclassicism🔊nouna style of art, literature, music, or architecture that imitates the style practiced in ancient Greece and Rome
• still life🔊nouna painting or drawing, representing objects that do not move, such as flowers, glassware, etc.

Talking about Music18 words

• reverberation🔊nounthe persistence of sound in an enclosed space after the original sound source has stopped
• arpeggio🔊nouna musical technique where the notes of a chord are played individually in a sequence rather than simultaneously
• atonality🔊nounthe quality that marks the absence of a key in a musical composition
• counterpoint🔊nouna musical composition in which two or more independent melodies are played or sung simultaneously, creating harmony and interplay
• libretto🔊nounthe text of a musical play, an opera, or other extended vocal works
• rendition🔊nouna performance of a musical composition, dramatic role, or other artistic work
• discography🔊nounall of the records or a list of the records that have been created by a particular singer, composer or musical band
• tracklist🔊nouna set of musical pieces or songs listed in the same order in which they appear on a recording
• video jockey🔊nouna person whose job is to introduce and play music videos on TV, at a party, etc.
• cadenza🔊nouna solo section at the end of a musical piece for the performer to show their skill and creativity
• ditty🔊nouna short and simple song or poem
• rhapsody🔊nounan instrumental composition marked with irregular form and improvisation, expressing strong emotions
• repertoire🔊nouna stock of plays, songs, dances, etc. that a company or a performer is prepared to perform
• octave🔊nounthe interval between the first and the last notes in eight diatonic degrees
• clef🔊nounany of the signs written on the left-hand end of a staff indicating the pitch of the notes
• long play🔊nouna full-length album
• extended play🔊nouna music recording that contains more tracks than a single but fewer tracks than a full album
• maestro🔊nouna person who is an expert or master in conducting or directing an orchestra or musical performance

Talking about Film and Theatre22 words

• visual effects🔊nounthe digital effects added to films or videos to enhance or create visual elements that are impossible or too expensive to achieve in real life
• sound effect🔊nounan artificial sound created and used in a motion picture, play, video game, etc. to make it more realistic
• best boy🔊nounthe chief assistant to the gaffer or key grip
• denouement🔊nounthe last section of a literary or dramatic piece where the plot is concluded and all the matters of the work is explained
• fourth wall🔊nounan imaginary barrier that separates the mise en scene and the fictional characters from the audience, especially in a theatrical performance
• backlot🔊nounan outdoor area in a movie studio, where large exterior sets are constructed and some scenes are shot
• rough cut🔊nounthe first version of editing a movie, after different scenes are assembled
• storyboarding🔊nounthe process of creating a set of pictures or drawings depicting the outline of the plot of a movie, TV series, etc.
• outtake🔊nouna piece of raw footage that is recorded but is not used in the final edited version of a movie, TV program, etc.
• curtain call🔊nounthe time after a play or show has just ended when the performers come to the stage to receive the applause of the audience
• read-through🔊nouna preparatory session during which actors read the words of a play before beginning to practice it on the stage
• scene-shifting🔊nouna method used in theater production that indicates a change of the setting
• set piece🔊nouna set of scenes in a motion picture, novel, etc. that could be regarded independently and are very elaborate or complex
• spoof🔊nouna genre of film characterized by humorous or satirical imitation of other films, genres, or cultural phenomena
• weepy🔊nouna sad movie, play, book, etc. that is too sentimental and makes the audience cry
• vaudeville🔊nouna type of comic theatrical production combining pantomime, dance, singing, etc. popular in the 1800s and early 1900s
• cinematography🔊nounthe art and methods of film-making, especially the photographic aspect and camerawork
• docudrama🔊nouna movie or television show based on real events, but not accurate in all the details
• film noir🔊nouna type of movie involving crime including shadowy footage and dark background music that depicted cynical characters caught in dangerous situations
• docufiction🔊nouna genre of filmmaking that blends elements of documentary and fiction film, using real people or events but often fictionalizing certain aspects of the story for dramatic effect
• Bouffon🔊nouna style of physical theater that satirizes social and political issues through exaggerated, grotesque performances and audience interaction
• special effects🔊nountechniques used in movies and other media to create cool visuals or sounds using computers or filmmaking tricks to add excitement

Talking about Literature19 words

• protagonist🔊nounthe main character in a movie, novel, TV show, etc.
• antagonist🔊nounvillainous character who strongly opposes another person or thing
• supervillain🔊nouna fictional character with superpowers who is morally evil
• conceit🔊nounan elaborate or far-fetched poetic image or comparison between very dissimilar things, used in literature
• hyperbole🔊nouna technique used in speech and writing to exaggerate the extent of something
• prolixity🔊nounthe fact of having an excessive number of words that results in being tedious
• blurb🔊nouna short promotional description of a book, motion picture, etc. published on the cover of a book or in an advertisement
• epigraph🔊nouna quotation or phrase placed at the beginning of a book, chapter, or other written work, often to suggest a theme or context
• miscellanea🔊nouna collection of various items, such as literary pieces, poems, letters, etc., gathered from different sources
• pamphleteer🔊nounsomeone who writes pamphlets, especially one who promotes partisan views on political issues
• wordsmith🔊nounsomeone who uses words skillfully, especially a gifted author
• Afrofuturism🔊nouna cultural and artistic movement that explores the intersection of African and African Diaspora culture with technology and the future
• whodunit🔊nouna story, play, movie, etc. about a mystery or murder that the audience cannot solve until the end
• codex🔊nounan ancient book, written by hand, especially of scriptures, classics, etc.
• satire🔊nounhumor, irony, ridicule, or sarcasm used to expose or criticize the faults and shortcomings of a person, government, etc.
• prologue🔊nounthe beginning section of a movie, book, play, etc. that introduces the work
• allusion🔊nouna statement that implies or indirectly mentions something or someone else, especially as a literary device
• fable🔊nouna short story on morality with animal characters
• abridgment🔊nouna concise version of a lengthy play, novel, etc.

Talking about Architecture9 words

• vault🔊nounan architectural structure, often made of stone or concrete, that forms a curved or arched ceiling or roof, providing strength, support, and architectural beauty to a space
• facade🔊nounthe front of a building, particularly one that is large and has an elegant appearance
• gable🔊nounthe upper part of a house wall in the shape of a triangle where it meets a sloping roof
• parapet🔊nouna low protective wall or railing built along the edge of a roof, balcony, bridge, or other elevated structure to prevent people from falling
• pergola🔊nounan outdoor structure with a framework of vertical posts and cross-beams, often covered with climbing plants for shade
• portico🔊nouna covered entrance or porch with columns, typically leading to the main entrance of a building and serving as a decorative architectural feature
• veranda🔊nouna roofed area with an open front at the ground level, which is attached to the side of a house
• alcove🔊nouna recessed part of a wall that is built further back from the rest of it
• nook🔊nouna small, cozy corner created where two walls meet

Talking about Marketing16 words

• direct marketing🔊nounthe practice of selling products or services using phone, mail, or email
• elevator pitch🔊nouna brief, persuasive speech used to spark interest in an idea, product, or project, typically lasting no more than 20-30 seconds
• telemarketing🔊nouna method of selling and promoting goods and services by phone
• viral marketing🔊nouna method of marketing in which a company encourages customers to share information about its services or products by email or on social media
• want ad🔊nouna small advertisement published in a newspaper or website, expressing requirements of a person or company
• oligopoly🔊noun(economics) a market structure in which only a few competitors are involved but none of them have the overall control
• advertorial🔊nouna piece of advertisement in a newspaper or magazine, designed to seem like an objective article and not an advertisement
• banner ad🔊nouna form of online advertisement that is shown at the sides, top, or bottom of a webpage and is delivered by an ad server
• gimmick🔊nouna novel device or strategy designed to attract attention or increase appeal, often considered superficial or short-lived
• junk mail🔊noununsolicited or unwanted promotional materials, advertisements, or other non-personalized mailings sent to a large number of recipients
• mailshot🔊nouna promotional message or material sent to a large number of people through the mail
• infomercial🔊nounan advertising television program that tries to promote a product by giving a lot of information about it in a supposedly objective manner
• product placement🔊nounthe inclusion of a company's product in a movie or TV program as a form of paid promotion
• pyramid selling🔊nouna form of multi-level marketing where profit is derived primarily from recruiting others into the scheme, rather than from legitimate product sales
• affiliate🔊nounan organization or company that is officially connected to or associated with a larger entity, typically through a contractual or ownership arrangement, for the purpose of mutual benefit or collaboration
• World Trade Organization🔊nounan international organization established in 1995, responsible for facilitating global trade negotiations, enforcing trade agreements, and providing a platform for resolving trade disputes among member countries

Talking about Finance11 words

• belt-tightening🔊nounan act of spending less money during difficult financial times
• business cycle🔊nounthe rhythmic pattern of economic growth and decline, consisting of phases such as expansion, peak, contraction, and trough
• cash cow🔊nouna service or product that provides a business or company with a stable income
• comptroller🔊nouna financial officer responsible for managing and overseeing the financial accounts and budgets of an organization
• buyout🔊nounthe acquisition of a company or a controlling interest in a company's shares, often initiated by an outside entity or a group of investors, resulting in a change of ownership and control
• top line🔊nouna company's gross sales or revenues, before any costs or expenses are deducted
• cash flow🔊nounthe movement of money in and out of a business or financial system, indicating its liquidity and financial well-being
• depreciation🔊nouna decline in something's price or value
• cartel🔊nounan agreement among independent entities, often businesses, to control prices, production, and distribution in a specific industry, reducing competition and increasing market power
• capital market🔊nouna financial market where long-term debt or equity-backed securities are bought and sold
• asset stripping🔊nounthe act of buying a company and then selling its assets separately, often at a profit, without regard for the company's long-term viability

Talking about Management7 words

• supervision🔊nounthe act or process of overseeing the activities of individuals or a group to ensure compliance with rules or objectives
• conglomerate🔊nouna corporation formed by merging different firms or businesses
• maladministration🔊nounthe inefficient or improper management, especially within a public institution or organization
• syndicate🔊nouna group of people or businesses who come together in order to carry out or to fund a particular business project
• consensus🔊nounan agreement reached by all members of a group
• directive🔊nouna clear instruction or order given to guide actions or decisions
• headquarters🔊nounthe place where the main offices of a large company or organization are located

Talking about Medicine19 words

• biopsy🔊nounthe process of removing and analyzing tissue from the body of a sick person to learn more about their condition
• catheter🔊nouna flexible tube inserted into one's bladder, to drain and collect urine
• chemotherapy🔊nounthe process of treating a disease, particularly cancer, using chemicals
• rheumatology🔊nounthe branch of medical science particularly concerned with the joints, soft tissues, and autoimmune diseases
• suture🔊nouna surgical seam made to close a wound or incision
• urology🔊nounthe branch of medical science concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of the urinary system
• ophthalmology🔊nounthe branch of medical science dealing with the eye, its functions, and diseases
• otorhinolaryngology🔊nouna branch of medicine that primarily focuses on the diagnosis, management, and treatment of disorders of the ear, nose, and throat
• dermatology🔊nounthe scientific study of the skin, its structure, diseases, and functions
• oncology🔊nouna branch of medical science that specializes in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer
• stethoscope🔊nouna medical instrument used in auscultation for detecting sounds generated inside the body, such as heartbeat and breathing
• antidote🔊nouna substance that counteracts or controls the effects of a poison
• homeopathy🔊nouna medical system that treats the disease by administering substances that mimic the symptoms of those diseases in healthy persons
• chiropractic🔊nouna system of noninvasive therapy that involves pressing and moving a person's joints or spine
• syringe🔊nouna tube with a long hollow needle at the end that is used to inject or withdraw fluids
• ointment🔊nouna substance, usually smooth and oily, rubbed on the skin for medical purposes
• anticoagulant🔊nouna substance or medication that inhibits the clotting of blood
• decongestant🔊nouna type of medicine used when someone has a cold and a blocked nose to help them breathe more easily
• salve🔊nounany medicinal ointment that accelerates the recovery of the skin barrier or protects it

Talking about Sickness and Symptoms13 words

• palpitation🔊nouna heart beat that is very irregular or too fast
• eczema🔊nouna very common skin condition that causes one's skin to become dry, red, itchy, and bumpy
• pneumonia🔊nounthe infection and inflammation of air sacs in one's lungs, usually caused by a bacterial infection that makes breathing difficult
• frostbite🔊nouna serious injury resulting from excessive exposure to severely cold weather or things, causing the freezing of the nose, toes, fingers, etc.
• catarrh🔊nouna medical condition during which mucus accumulates in one's nose, throat, or sinuses and blocks them
• malaise🔊nouna feeling of being physically ill and irritated without knowing the reason
• contagion🔊nounany disease or virus that can be easily passed from one person to another
• malady🔊nounany physical problem that might put one's health in danger
• lesion🔊nounan injury or wound to living tissue, often involving a cut, break, or trauma to the skin
• ulcer🔊nouna lesion or sore on the skin that might bleed or even produce a poisonous substance
• pathogen🔊nounany organism that can cause diseases
• indisposition🔊nouna mild state of being unwell, often leading to a temporary inability to perform one's usual activities
• patient zero🔊nounthe first person known to have a certain disease, often seen as the starting point of an outbreak

Talking about Law29 words

• litigant🔊noun(law) a person or party involved in a legal case
• punitive damages🔊nounan extra financial compensation awarded in a lawsuit to punish the defendant for bad behavior and deter future wrongdoing
• co-sign🔊verbto sign a document in addition to another person's signature to guarantee a loan or financial obligation
• intestacy🔊nounthe condition of dying without a valid will, leaving the distribution of one's estate to be determined by the laws of intestate succession rather than specific instructions in a will
• litigator🔊nouna lawyer who specializes in bringing a lawsuit against people or organizations in a court of law
• magistrate🔊nouna person who acts as a judge in a law court and deals with minor offenses
• probable cause🔊nounthe reasonable suspicion that a crime has occurred or will occur
• barrister🔊nouna legal professional qualified and licensed to advocate on behalf of clients in both lower and higher courts
• affidavit🔊nouna written statement affirmed by oath that can be used as evidence in court
• deposition🔊nouna recorded testimony given outside of court by a witness or party involved in a legal case, used as evidence in future proceedings
• notary🔊nounan official authorized to conduct particular legal formalities, especially to make documents legally acceptable
• bylaw🔊nouna set of rules or directives made and maintained by an authority, especially in order to regulate conduct
• adjournment🔊nounthe temporary suspension or postponement of a legal proceeding or meeting
• docket🔊nouna list of cases scheduled for a court's consideration, including details such as case numbers, parties involved, and hearing dates
• acquittal🔊nounan official judgment in court of law that declares someone not guilty of the crime they were charged with
• infraction🔊nounthe act of breaking or not obeying a law, agreement, etc.
• indictment🔊nouna formal accusation of a crime
• parole🔊noun(law) the permission for a prisoner to leave prison before the end of their imprisonment sentence, on the condition of good conduct
• extradite🔊verbto send someone accused of a crime to the place where the crime happened or where they are wanted for legal matters
• adjudicate🔊verbto make a formal decision or judgment about who is right in an argument or dispute
• annul🔊verbto invalidate a legal agreement
• subpoena🔊nouna legal document issued by a court or administrative agency, compelling an individual to appear as a witness, produce certain documents, or provide testimony in a legal proceeding
• exempt🔊verbto officially excuse someone from a requirement or obligation
• remand🔊verbto send a case back to a court of lower authority for additional reconsideration or review
• abide by🔊verbto follow the rules, commands, or wishes of someone, showing compliance to their authority
• case law🔊nounthe body of law formed by judicial decisions and precedents established in past court cases, used as a basis for deciding similar issues in subsequent legal proceedings
• rescind🔊verbto officially cancel a law, decision, agreement, etc.
• remit🔊nounthe process of sending a legal case from one court to another for review or resolution, often due to jurisdictional or procedural reasons
• ordinance🔊nounan authoritative or established rule, often issued by a governing body

Talking about Crime30 words

• insurrection🔊nouna violent uprising or rebellion against authority, government, or established order
• misdemeanor🔊nounan action that is considered wrong or unacceptable yet not very serious
• counterfeit🔊verbto make a false copy of something with the intent to deceive
• witness tampering🔊nounthe act of unlawfully influencing or intimidating a witness in a legal case
• cold case🔊nouna criminal investigation that has remained unsolved for a significant period and lacks recent investigative leads
• vigilante🔊nounan individual or group of individuals who take the law into their own hands, acting outside the legal system to enforce their version of justice or address perceived wrongs
• forgery🔊nounthe criminal act of making a copy of a document, money, etc. to do something illegal
• alibi🔊nounproof that indicates a person was somewhere other than the place where a crime took place and therefore could not have committed it
• felony🔊nouna serious crime such as arson, murder, rape, etc.
• tort🔊nouna civil wrong causing harm, not a crime
• trespass🔊verbto enter someone's land or building without permission
• embezzlement🔊nounthe act of stealing funds that are placed in one's trust and belong to one's employer
• extortion🔊nounthe criminal act of obtaining money, property, or services from someone through coercion, threats, or intimidation
• delinquency🔊nouna minor crime or misdeed, especially of a young person
• recidivism🔊nounthe tendency of a person who has been convicted of a criminal offense to reoffend, leading to their re-arrest, reconviction, or return to criminal behavior
• thug🔊nouna violent and criminal gang or an individual who engages in brutal and aggressive behavior
• mobster🔊nouna member of a criminal organization, often involved in organized crime such as racketeering, extortion, and other illicit activities
• gangland🔊nounthe environment or territory associated with criminal gangs, particularly those engaged in organized crime, violence, and illicit activities
• collude🔊verb‌to cooperate secretly or illegally for deceiving other people
• pilfer🔊verbto steal small quantities or insignificant items
• appropriate🔊verbto take something for one's own use, especially illegally or without the owner's permission
• con🔊verbto deceive someone in order to deprive them of something, such as money, property, or information
• perjure🔊verbto lie in a court of law after officially swearing to tell the truth
• bootleg🔊verbto sell or distribute illicit products, such as drugs, alcohol, or counterfeit goods
• swindle🔊verbto use deceit in order to deprive someone of their money or other possessions
• despoil🔊verbto take valuables by force
• perpetrate🔊verbto commit a harmful, illegal, or immoral act, such as a crime or an offense
• hijack🔊verbto forcefully take control of a vehicle, like an airplane, often to take hostages or change its course
• carjack🔊verbto forcibly steal a vehicle from its driver, often involving threats or violence
• incriminate🔊verbto provide evidence or information that suggests a person's involvement in a crime or wrongdoing

Talking about Punishment18 words

• gas chamber🔊nouna sealed room or chamber where poisonous gas is introduced to execute condemned individuals, typically used as a method of capital punishment
• mutilate🔊verbto cause severe damage or harm
• incarcerate🔊verbto confine someone in prison or a similar facility due to legal reasons or as a form of punishment
• forfeit🔊verbto no longer be able to access a right, property, privilege, etc. as a result of violating a law or a punishment for doing something wrong
• retaliate🔊verbto make a counterattack or respond in a similar manner
• flog🔊verbto beat someone harshly using a rod or whip
• corporal punishment🔊nounthe physical punishment of people, especially of children or convicts
• solitary confinement🔊nounthe practice of isolating a prisoner in a small, often windowless cell, with minimal human contact or environmental stimulation, as a form of punishment or for security reasons
• guillotine🔊nouna device for beheading, featuring a tall frame with a suspended blade released to swiftly sever the condemned person's head
• restitution🔊nouna sum of money paid to compensate for loss, damage, or injury
• warden🔊nounthe official in charge of a prison or correctional facility, responsible for overseeing the administration, security, and well-being of inmates
• committal🔊nounthe formal act of sending a person to a mental health facility, prison, or similar institution, often following legal proceedings
• firing squad🔊nouna group of individuals, typically soldiers or law enforcement officers, designated to carry out a military or legal execution by firing bullets at a condemned person simultaneously
• parole🔊verbto release a prisoner before the completion of their sentence, subject to certain conditions and under the supervision of a parole officer
• lynch🔊verbto kill someone without legal approval
• confiscate🔊verbto officially take away something from someone, usually as punishment
• reprieve🔊nouna temporary postponement or cancellation of a punishment
• executioner🔊noun‌a person, especially an official, whose role or job is to kill convicted people as a means of punishment

Talking about Government16 words

• crony capitalism🔊nounan economic system where success in business is determined by close relationships between businesspeople and government officials, rather than market competition
• demagogue🔊nouna politician who appeals to the desires and prejudices of ordinary people instead of valid arguments in order to gain support
• spin doctor🔊nouna person or group of people who are often employed by politicians, public figures, or the government in order to shape the public opinion in their favor
• municipality🔊nounthe governing body of a town or city
• confederation🔊nouna union or league of political entities or organizations, often for common purposes
• entente🔊nounan understanding or agreement between nations, often informal and less binding than a formal alliance
• kleptocracy🔊nouna form of government in which corrupt leaders use their power to exploit the country's resources for personal gain
• sovereignty🔊nounthe supreme authority of a state or governing body to govern itself without interference from external forces
• ratify🔊verbto formally approve a decision, action, etc., typically through an official process or legal means
• devolve on🔊verbto transfer or delegate responsibility, authority, or a specific matter to a particular individual, group, or entity
• levy🔊verbto enforce a type of payment, such as fees, taxes, or fines and collect them
• subsidize🔊verbto provide financial support, typically from the government or an organization, to help reduce the cost of goods, services, or certain activities
• oligarchy🔊nouna political system in which a small group of high-powered people control a country or organization
• plutocracy🔊nouna form of government or society in which power is held and influenced primarily by the wealthy or a small privileged class
• decentralize🔊verbto transfer decision-making or administrative power from a central authority to local or regional entities
• federalize🔊verbto place under the authority or jurisdiction of a federal government

Talking about Politics23 words

• populism🔊nouna type of politics that purports to represent the opinions and desires of ordinary people in order to gain their support
• totalitarianism🔊nounthe doctrine of absolute governmental power
• bipartisan🔊adjectiveinvolving the cooperation or agreement of two political parties, especially those usually opposed to each other, to achieve a common goal or outcome
• caucus🔊nouna party meeting to discuss policy or select candidates
• psephology🔊nounthe scientific study of elections, including the analysis of voting patterns, behavior, and electoral systems, to understand and predict political outcomes
• agitprop🔊nounthe political propaganda, especially in the form of art, literature, or media, used to promote a particular ideology, cause, or political agenda
• brinkmanship🔊nounthe practice of pushing a dangerous situation or confrontation to the edge of disaster, often with the intention of achieving a specific outcome
• constitutionalism🔊nounthe advocacy or support of government according to constitutional principles
• dog whistle🔊nouna coded message intended to be understood by a particular group while remaining unnoticed or ambiguous to others
• geopolitics🔊nounthe study of how geography influences global political and economic interactions
• power politics🔊nounthe use of political, economic, or military power to achieve and maintain influence and control on the global or national stage
• fanaticism🔊nounthe extreme political or religious beliefs often accompanied by intolerance for different views
• hard left🔊nounan individual or group advocating for radical or extreme left-wing political positions and policies
• hard right🔊nounextremely conservative or right-wing political ideologies, often associated with more radical views within the right-wing spectrum
• militarism🔊nounthe belief that a country must have a strong military force in order to seem more powerful
• statism🔊nounthe belief in or practice of giving a central government significant control over social and economic affairs
• unilateralism🔊nounthe practice or principle of a nation or party taking actions, making decisions, or forming alliances without seeking or considering the approval, consensus, or cooperation of others
• incumbent🔊nounthe current holder of a particular office or position, especially in politics
• sedition🔊nounthe act of rebellion or resistance against established authority, typically through speech or conduct
• suffrage🔊nounthe right or privilege of casting a vote in public elections
• siege🔊nounthe act of surrounding the enemy, a town, etc. and cutting off their supplies so that they would surrender
• red tape🔊nounofficial procedures or rules that are unnecessary and time-consuming
• absolutism🔊nounthe principle or system of unlimited and unchecked governmental power

Talking about War27 words

• armada🔊nouna massive group of warships organized for military or strategic purposes
• mercenary🔊nouna professional soldier hired to serve in a foreign army, often motivated by payment rather than ideological or national allegiance
• armistice🔊nouna temporary stoppage or truce in hostilities between parties engaged in a war or conflict
• barricade🔊nouna defensive barrier erected during wartime to obstruct enemy movement and provide protection for defending forces
• battalion🔊nouna military unit composed of a varying number of companies or platoons, typically commanded by a lieutenant colonel
• platoon🔊nouna military unit, subdivision of a company, typically with a headquarters and two or more squads, usually led by a lieutenant
• espionage🔊nounthe covert gathering of information for political, military, or economic purposes, often conducted by intelligence agencies
• guerrilla🔊nouna person who participates in irregular fighting as a member of an unofficial military group
• onslaught🔊nouna fierce and intense attack, often with the goal of overwhelming the opponent
• armament🔊nounthe military equipment and weaponry used by a country or military force
• artillery🔊nounbig heavy guns that are attached on top of moving wheels or tracks
• catapult🔊nouna large weapon that was used in ancient times to throw stones or other objects with great force
• bazooka🔊nouna portable rocket launcher designed for use against tanks and armored vehicles
• lance🔊verbto thrust or strike with a long-pointed weapon
• shrapnel🔊nounfragments from an explosion, causing damage to surroundings
• musket🔊nounan early firearm with a long barrel, used by infantry from the 16th to 18th centuries
• affray🔊nouna public fight involving a group of people, typically causing a disturbance or public disorder
• air raid🔊nounan attack by aircraft, typically involving the dropping of bombs, on a location or a series of locations
• bridgehead🔊nounan area in hostile territory captured and secured as a foothold for further troops and supplies
• evacuee🔊nounan individual who is forced to flee from a dangerous place or region
• garrison🔊nouna military stronghold where soldiers are stationed for defense
• pillage🔊verbto plunder, typically during times of war or civil unrest
• plunder🔊verbto steal goods from a place or person, especially during times of war, chaos, or civil disorder
• strafe🔊verbto attack ground targets, such as enemy troops or installations, with gunfire from low-flying aircraft
• outflank🔊verbto maneuver around the side of an enemy force, position, or defensive line in order to gain a tactical advantage
• annihilate🔊verbto destroy someone or something completely
• vanquish🔊verbto defeat someone completely and decisively

Talking about Measurement8 words

• altimeter🔊nounan instrument used to measure and indicate the altitude of an object above a fixed level, typically the Earth's surface
• ampere🔊nounthe unit of electric current, symbolized as "A" in the International System of Units
• barometer🔊nouna scientific instrument used to measure air pressure
• carat🔊nouna unit of weight used for measuring gemstones and pearls, equal to 200 milligrams or 0.2 grams
• perimeter🔊nounthe total length of the external boundary of something
• pint🔊nouna measure equal to 16 fluid ounces, often used for measuring liquids such as beer or milk
• pixel🔊nounthe smallest unit of an image on the screen that collectively can form a whole image
• quart🔊nouna unit of volume measurement the United States for liquids, equal to 32 fluid ounces or approximately 946 milliliters

Talking about Emotions19 words

• dismay🔊nounthe sadness and worry provoked by an unpleasant surprise
• despondency🔊nounthe state of being unhappy and despairing
• dejection🔊nouna state of low spirits, sadness, or melancholy
• desperation🔊nouna state of extreme urgency, hopelessness, or despair
• composure🔊nouna state of calmness and self-control, especially in difficult or challenging situations
• awe🔊nouna feeling of reverence, respect, and wonder inspired by something grand, powerful, or extraordinary
• exuberance🔊nounthe quality of being full of energy, enthusiasm, liveliness, and excitement
• radiance🔊nouna happy, glowing look from being really healthy and feeling great on the inside
• mirth🔊nouna feeling of happiness, joy, or amusement
• blissfulness🔊nouna state of extreme happiness, joy, or contentment
• jubilance🔊nouna state of great joy, triumph, and celebration
• elation🔊nouna feeling of joyful pride or high spirits
• ecstasy🔊nounan overwhelming feeling of intense delight or extreme happiness
• bliss🔊nouna state of complete happiness, joy, and contentment
• jubilation🔊nouna feeling of great joy, triumph, or satisfaction
• exhilaration🔊nouna feeling of excitement, enthusiasm, and invigoration
• euphoria🔊nouna feeling of intense happiness, excitement, or pleasure
• rapture🔊nouna feeling of being carried away by overwhelming emotion, often associated with deep love, happiness, or spiritual experiences
• glee🔊noungreat happiness or joy, often accompanied by laughter or a sense of amusement

Talking about Travel and Migration23 words

• refoulement🔊nounthe illegal practice of forcing the asylum seekers or the refugees to return to the country where they are at risk of prosecution
• emigre🔊nounan individual who has left their native country to settle in another due to political reasons, war, or other upheavals
• estimated time of departure🔊nounthe time at which an aircraft, ship, etc. is scheduled for departure
• estimated time of arrival🔊nounthe time at which one is likely to arrive at one's destination
• repatriate🔊nouna person who has returned to their home country after living abroad
• expatriate🔊verbto banish or force an individual to live in another country
• detrain🔊verbto get off a train
• deplane🔊verbto leave an aircraft after it has landed
• detour🔊verbto take or lead on a roundabout way, especially when a more direct route is unavailable or blocked
• derail🔊verb(of a train) to accidentally go off the tracks
• naturalize🔊verbto grant citizenship to a foreigner
• bed and breakfast🔊phrasea small hotel or guesthouse that provides the residents with a resting place and breakfast
• internally displaced person🔊nouna person who has been forced to flee their home but remains within their country's borders due to conflict, violence, natural disasters, or human rights violations
• agritourism🔊nounthe activity of visiting the countryside and staying with local farmers in rural areas of a foreign country
• staycation🔊nouna vacation that one spends at or near one's home instead of traveling somewhere
• luggage carousel🔊nouna rotating conveyor system at an airport where checked luggage is delivered to passengers after a flight
• hostelry🔊nounan inn or a place that provides lodging, especially for travelers or guests
• rack rate🔊nounthe standard or published price for a hotel room or service before any discounts or special offers are applied
• valet🔊nounsomeone whose job is parking customers' cars at restaurants or hotels
• bucket shop🔊nouna travel agency or ticket seller that offers inexpensive or discounted fares, often with a focus on budget or low-cost travel options
• tourist trap🔊nouna place, often a popular attraction, that tends to overcharge tourists or offer low-quality goods or experiences for the sake of profit
• deportation🔊nounthe expulsion of a non-citizen or foreigner from a country, often for being undesirable or violating laws
• emigree🔊nouna female individual who has left their country to live elsewhere, often for political reasons

Talking about Weather15 words

• monsoon🔊nouna period in the summer during which wind blows and rain falls in India or other hot South Asian countries
• dew🔊nounthe tiny water drops that form on cool surfaces during the night, caused by condensation
• anemometer🔊nouna device used to measure the speed and direction of the wind
• isobar🔊noun(in meteorology) a line on a map or chart connecting points that have the same atmospheric pressure at a given moment
• beaufort scale🔊nouna scale devised to estimate wind speeds based on the observed effects of the wind on the sea surface and land features
• flurry🔊nouna small amount of rain, snow, etc. that moves in a quick and stormy way and lasts only for a short period of time
• sleet🔊nounfrozen raindrops or partially melted snowflakes that fall as ice pellets
• whiteout🔊nouna meteorological phenomenon characterized by a dense, widespread snowfall that significantly reduces visibility, often resulting in a featureless landscape
• gust🔊nouna drastic and sudden rush of wind
• slush🔊nounpartially melted snow or ice, often forming a wet and muddy mixture
• squall🔊nouna sudden, intense, and brief storm characterized by strong winds and often accompanied by rain or snow
• flash flood🔊nouna sudden and rapid flooding of a normally dry area, often caused by heavy rainfall or the sudden release of water
• sunburst🔊nouna sudden, intense appearance of sunlight, often breaking through clouds and creating a radiant and vivid effect in the sky
• anticyclone🔊nouna weather phenomenon with an extensive circulation of winds around a central region of high barometric pressure that is connected with calm and fine weather
• bluster🔊nouna strong, noisy, and gusty wind, often accompanied by turbulent

Talking about Pollution15 words

• incinerator🔊nouna waste treatment process that involves the combustion of substances contained in waste materials
• biohazard🔊nouna risk to human health or to the environment caused by a biological source, especially microorganisms
• sludge🔊nounthe semi-solid residue produced during sewage or wastewater treatment
• sewage🔊nounthe waste water and other liquid waste from homes, businesses, and factories, usually carried away through pipes and treated
• effluent🔊nounliquid waste or sewage discharged into rivers, lakes, or the sea
• soot🔊nouna black powdery substance produced by burning materials like wood or coal
• detritus🔊nounwaste or debris produced by the disintegration or decomposition of organic or inorganic matter
• aerosol🔊nouna suspension of fine solid or liquid particles dispersed in a gas
• particulate🔊nouna small, discrete particle or substance, especially one suspended in air, such as dust, pollen, or soot
• catalytic converter🔊nouna device in a vehicle's exhaust system that reduces the emission of harmful pollutants by promoting chemical reactions that convert them into less harmful substances
• fallout🔊nounairborne particles, such as dust or debris, that settle after a nuclear explosion or similar event
• hazmat suit🔊nouna protective garment worn by workers to safeguard against exposure to hazardous substances or environments
• polyethylene terephthalate🔊nouna durable and lightweight plastic widely used for making bottles and food containers due to its strength and recyclability
• unleaded🔊adjectivenot containing lead
• asbestos🔊nouna soft greyish substance that is resistant to fire and heat and was previously used in the buildings, clothing, etc.

Talking about Disasters9 words

• calamity🔊nounan event causing great and often sudden damage, distress, or destruction
• ravage🔊nounaction that breeds severe damage or destruction
• conflagration🔊nounan extremely intense and destructive fire
• scourge🔊nouna cause of widespread suffering or affliction
• aftershock🔊nouna smaller earthquake or tremor that follows the main shock of a seismic event
• temblor🔊nounan earthquake caused by underground movement or volcanic activity
• salvage🔊nounthe action of rescuing a ship, its crew, or its cargo from a shipwreck, fire, or similar disaster
• epicenter🔊nounthe point on the surface of the earth vertically above the focus of an earthquake where its effects are felt most strongly
• waterspout🔊nouna tornado occurring over a body of water, characterized by a funnel-shaped cloud filled with water droplets or spray

Talking about Animals16 words

• burrow🔊nouna hole that an animal digs in the ground to use as a shelter
• cetacean🔊nouna marine mammal that belongs to the group known as Cetacea, which comprises whales, dolphins, and porpoises
• brood🔊nounall the young of a bird hatched at the same time, or the young of an animal cared for together
• omnivore🔊nounan animal that eats both plant and animal matter
• fang🔊nouna long, pointed tooth found in carnivorous animals, used for biting, gripping, and tearing flesh
• pincer🔊nounany of the sharp curved organs of an arthropod or insect, such as a crab, lobster, etc.
• pelt🔊nounthe skin of an animal with the fur, wool, or hair still covering it
• shoal🔊nouna large number of fish swimming together
• fauna🔊nounthe animals of a particular geological period or region
• ectothermic🔊adjectiverelating to or denoting animals that regulate their body temperature by external sources, such as the surrounding environment
• endothermic🔊adjective(of an animal) generating and regulating their own body heat internally
• equine🔊adjectivehaving characteristics, appearance, or behavior similar to a horse
• oviparous🔊adjectiveproducing eggs that develop and hatch outside the body
• piscivorous🔊adjectivefeeding primarily on fish
• avian🔊adjectiverelating to or characteristic of birds
• camouflage🔊verbto blend in with the surroundings to avoid being seen or detected

Talking about Food and Drinks10 words

• wholefood🔊nounfood that contains little or no artificial substance and is considered healthy
• antipasto🔊nouna dish of small amount eaten before the main part of a meal, originated in Italy
• elevenses🔊nouna light refreshment or snack, typically enjoyed around 11 a.m., often consisting of tea or coffee accompanied by biscuits, pastries, or similar small treats
• commis🔊nouna junior chef learning and assisting in the kitchen under experienced chefs
• binge🔊nounan occasion when a person drinks or eats excessively
• clean eating🔊nouna type of diet in which one avoids eating processed food to become healthier
• chutney🔊nouna combination of either pickles, vegetables, spices, and herbs, that is used as condiment
• gourmet🔊nounsomeone who enjoys and knows about food and wine very much
• broiling🔊nouna cooking method that involves exposing food to heat, often over a fire or under a grill
• culinary🔊adjectivehaving to do with the preparation, cooking, or presentation of food

Adverbs of Manner15 words

• imprecisely🔊adverbin a manner that lacks accuracy or exactness
• viciously🔊adverbin a way that involves physical brutality or causes great bodily harm
• jovially🔊adverbin a cheerful, friendly, and good-humored manner
• daintily🔊adverbin a delicate, controlled, or refined manner
• fiercely🔊adverbin a strong and forceful way that can cause damage
• stealthily🔊adverbin a quiet, careful, and deliberate manner intended to avoid detection or observation
• diligently🔊adverbin a way that involves steady, careful effort and persistent attention to a task or duty
• gracefully🔊adverbin a manner that is characterized by elegance, smoothness, or a pleasing aesthetic
• briskly🔊adverbin a quick and energetic manner
• erratically🔊adverbin a manner that is unpredictable or irregular
• emphatically🔊adverbin a strong, definite, and forceful way
• subconsciously🔊adverbin a manner that occurs beneath or beyond conscious awareness
• unwarily🔊adverbin a manner that lacks vigilance or careful consideration
• unmindfully🔊adverbin a manner lacking attention, awareness, or careful consideration
• reluctantly🔊adverbwith hesitation or lack of eagerness

Size and Scale2 words

• immense🔊adjectiveextremely large or vast in physical size
• midget🔊adjectiveextremely small or diminutive in size

Dimensions and Areas1 words

• sweeping🔊adjectivewide-ranging or covering a large area or scope

Weight and Steadiness4 words

• ungainly🔊adjectivehard to manage because of awkward form
• tenuous🔊adjectivevery delicate or thin
• hefty🔊adjectivesubstantial in size or weight
• rugged🔊adjectivesturdily constructed and able to endure harsh treatment or challenging environments

Shapes4 words

• crescent🔊adjectivedenoting the shape of the new moon
• oblong🔊adjectivehaving an elongated shape as an oval
• quadrilateral🔊adjectiveconsisting of four straight sides
• rhomboid🔊adjectiveresembling a slanted or tilted rectangle

Increase in Amount4 words

• bumper🔊adjectivehaving an unusually large or abundant quantity of something, often exceeding expectations or norms
• luxuriant🔊adjectivecharacterized by abundant and rich growth
• increment🔊nounthe amount or degree by which something becomes larger or greater
• soar🔊verbto increase rapidly to a high level

Decrease in Amount3 words

• skimpy🔊adjectivelacking in adequacy or fullness
• rarefied🔊adjective(of air) containing a lower-than-average amount of oxygen
• downswing🔊nouna downward trend in a business or economical activity

Intensity10 words

• aggrandize🔊verbto make a person or thing seem more important or impressive than they actually are
• compound🔊verbto make a situation worse or more intense by adding to it
• step up🔊verbto increase the size, amount, intensity, speed, etc. of something
• exalt🔊verbto elevate or intensify the quality, value, or significance of something
• attenuate🔊verbto gradually decrease in strength, value, or intensity
• stifle🔊verbto suppress, restrain, or hinder the growth, development, or intensity of something
• palliate🔊verbto alleviate or mitigate the intensity or severity of something
• wane🔊verbto gradually decrease in intensity, strength, importance, size, influence, etc.
• searing🔊adjectiveextremely intense and forceful, often leaving a lasting impression or impact
• recede🔊verbto diminish in intensity, visibility, or prominence

Speed5 words

• languid🔊adjectivemoving in a slow, effortless, and attractive manner
• express🔊adjectivedone with speed or efficiency
• blistering🔊adjectivemoving or progressing at an extremely high speed
• lightning🔊adjectivemoving or happening extremely quickly
• slacken🔊verbto reduce in speed

Significance9 words

• weighty🔊adjectivehaving considerable importance, influence, or gravity
• grave🔊adjectivesignifying a matter of deep concern
• cardinal🔊adjectivepossessing the quality of being the most important or basic part of something
• peripheral🔊adjectivenot central or of primary importance
• subordinate🔊adjectivelower in position or importance
• stellar🔊adjectiveoutstanding or excellent in quality or performance
• extraneous🔊adjectiveunnecessary or unrelated to the matter or subject at hand
• dire🔊adjectiveextremely serious or urgent
• frivolous🔊adjectivehaving a lack of depth or concern for serious matters

Uniqueness4 words

• novel🔊adjectivenew and unlike anything else
• few and far between🔊phrasehappening infrequently
• established🔊adjectivewidely acknowledged as valid or customary
• mainstream🔊adjectivewidely accepted or popular among the general public

Value5 words

• premium🔊adjectivehaving superior quality or value
• half-price🔊adjectivereduced to half the previous price of something
• depress🔊verbto lower the market value or reduce the market appeal of a product
• debase🔊verbto reduce the intrinsic value or quality of something, especially currency, by decreasing the amount of valuable material it contains
• disposable🔊adjectivereferring to assets, income, or resources that are easily accessible or available for the owner's immediate use or discretion

Complexity2 words

• impenetrable🔊adjectiveextremely difficult to fully comprehend
• cinch🔊nounan extremely easy task or something easily achieved

Challenges3 words

• uphill🔊adjectivechallenging situation that requires considerable effort
• strive🔊verbto make great efforts or struggle in opposition, often in contention or dispute
• contend🔊verbto engage in a struggle, conflict, or battle

Quality6 words

• dazzling🔊adjectiveextremely impressive or stunning
• abysmal🔊adjectivebottomless in extent
• atrocious🔊adjectiveextremely bad or unacceptable in quality or nature
• lackluster🔊adjectivedull and without innovation or change
• mediocre🔊adjectivesubstandard or below average
• bouncy🔊adjectivehaving a lively, energetic, and resilient quality

Success9 words

• driven🔊adjectiveshowing determination and ambition to achieve one's goals
• loaded🔊adjectivehaving a lot of money or financial resources
• elite🔊adjectiveassociated with superior status, privilege, or excellence
• eclipse🔊verbto become more successful, important, or powerful that someone or something else in a way that they become unnoticeable
• outstrip🔊verbto posses or reach a higher level of skill, success, value, or quantity than another person or thing
• prevail🔊verbto prove to be superior in strength, influence, or authority
• procure🔊verbto obtain something, especially through effort or skill
• reign🔊verbto be predominant or prevalent
• consolidate🔊verbto strengthen a position of power or success so that it lasts longer

Failure5 words

• destitute🔊adjectivelacking essential non-material needs, such as support, love, or community
• backfire🔊verbto have a result contrary to what one desired or intended
• languish🔊verbto fail to be successful or make any progress
• fold🔊verb(of a company, organization, etc.) to close or stop trading due to financial problems
• misfire🔊verb(of a plan) to fail to have the intended result

Body Shape4 words

• buxom🔊adjective(of a woman's body) full, rounded, and robust, implying physical vitality and wholesome attractiveness
• husky🔊adjectivelarge and muscular, with a strong and solid build
• wiry🔊adjectivehaving a lean and strong body
• buff🔊adjective(of a person) physically attractive with large muscles

Age and Appearance7 words

• striking🔊adjectiveexceptionally eye-catching or beautiful
• comely🔊adjective(especially of a woman) having a pleasant and attractive appearance
• homely🔊adjective(of a person) not very attractive
• octogenarian🔊adjectivehaving an age between 80 and 89 years old
• geriatric🔊adjectiveconcerning the physical, mental, or social aspects of aging
• preteen🔊adjectiverelated to the age group typically ranging from about 9 to 12 years old
• venerable🔊adjectiveworthy of great respect and admiration due to being extremely old or aged

Wellness4 words

• anemic🔊adjectiverelating to a health condition where a person has a lower than normal number of red blood cells, causing fatigue and weakness
• wither🔊verbto decline, weaken, or deteriorate, often in terms of strength, vitality, or overall condition
• restorative🔊adjectiveable to promote or restore one's health or strength
• ghastly🔊adjectivelooking pale due to being sick or in poor health

Intelligence7 words

• sage🔊adjectivepossessing wisdom, sound judgment, or prudence
• discerning🔊adjectiveevaluating situations, people, or ideas with clarity and wisdom
• cerebral🔊adjectiveinvolving careful thought, analysis, and intellectual engagement
• dense🔊adjectiveslow to grasp or understand information
• dim🔊adjectivelacking brightness or mental sharpness
• obtuse🔊adjectiveslow or reluctant to understand things or respond emotionally to something
• nonsensical🔊adjectivelacking meaning or logical coherence

Human Traits8 words

• diligent🔊adjectiveconsistently putting in the necessary time and energy to achieve one's goals
• tenacious🔊adjectivevery determined and not giving up easily
• gracious🔊adjectivecharacterized by kindness, politeness, and a warm, welcoming demeanor
• lukewarm🔊adjectivehaving a lack of enthusiasm or interest
• blunt🔊adjectivehaving a plain and sometimes harsh way of expressing thoughts or opinions
• malicious🔊adjectiveintending to cause harm or distress to others
• upright🔊adjectiveadhering to ethical principles and moral behavior
• giddy🔊adjectivecharacterized by a lighthearted and uncontrolled demeanor

Negative Emotional Responses2 words

• haunting🔊adjectivepossessing a poignant, sentimental, or eerie quality that evokes strong emotions, memories, or feelings
• tragic🔊adjectiveextremely sad or unfortunate, often because of a terrible event or circumstances

Positive Emotional States2 words

• bubbly🔊adjectivehaving a lively and enthusiastic quality
• enchanted🔊adjectivefilled with joy, often as a result of experiencing something magical or captivating

Negative Emotional States1 words

• forlorn🔊adjectivefeeling abandoned or hopeless

Social Behaviours4 words

• reactive🔊adjectiveacting in response to a situation rather than initiating or controlling it
• gregarious🔊adjective(of people) delighted by the company of others
• contentious🔊adjectiveinclined to argue or provoke disagreement
• indulgent🔊adjectivehaving a positive attitude toward someone or something

Tastes and Smells6 words

• bland🔊adjective(of drink or food) having no pleasant or strong flavor
• astringent🔊adjectivehaving a sharp, bitter, or sour taste
• rank🔊adjectivehaving a strong and unpleasant taste or smell
• foul🔊adjectivehaving an extremely unpleasant taste or smell
• offensive🔊adjectivecausing strong displeasure or disgust, particularly affecting the senses
• dainty🔊adjectivepleasing in taste

Textures7 words

• flaky🔊adjectivehaving a texture that easily breaks into small, thin layers or pieces
• wiry🔊adjective(of hair) not flexible and stiff like a wire
• brittle🔊adjectiveeasily broken, cracked, or shattered due to the lack of flexibility and resilience
• sleek🔊adjectivehaving a smooth and shiny texture, typically describing hair, fur, or skin that appears healthy and well-maintained
• pitted🔊adjectivehaving small depressions, cavities, or hollow marks on the surface
• gossamer🔊adjectivedelicate, light, and thin in appearance
• ethereal🔊adjectiveextremely delicate, light, as if it belongs to a heavenly realm

Sounds4 words

• dissonant🔊adjective(of a sound) having tones that clash or sound unpleasant together
• jarring🔊adjective(of a sound) so harsh and unpleasant that creates a strong sense of disturbance
• pop🔊verbto make a sudden light sound like a small explosion
• screech🔊verbto make a loud, harsh, piercing sound, like that of tires sliding on pavement

Temperature5 words

• torrid🔊adjectivecharacterized by intense and oppressive heat
• flaming🔊adjectiveextreme heat, often associated with flames or burning
• lukewarm🔊adjectivehaving a temperature that is only slightly warm
• arctic🔊adjectivevery cold
• glacial🔊adjectivefreezing as though having sub-zero temperatures

Opinions4 words

• diverge🔊verb(of views, opinions, etc.) to be different from each other
• repudiate🔊verbto dismiss or reject something as false
• rail🔊verbto strongly and angrily criticize or complain about something
• contravene🔊verbto go against an argument or statement

Thoughts and Decisions4 words

• reckon🔊verbto guess something using available information
• ruminate🔊verbto think carefully and at length about something
• retain🔊verbto keep something in one's thoughts or mental awareness
• opine🔊verbto suppose or consider a viewpoint as correct

Encouragement and Discouragement3 words

• sway🔊verbto encourage someone to do or believe something
• stand by🔊verbto remain loyal to or supportive of someone, particularly during a hard time
• prod🔊verbto stimulate or encourage someone to take action

Respect and Approval1 words

• salute🔊verbto express admiration or approval

Request and Suggestion3 words

• supplicate🔊verbto ask or request humbly and earnestly, typically in a religious or devotional context
• insinuate🔊verbto suggest something in an indirect manner
• specify🔊verbto clearly state or define particular details, terms, or conditions in agreements or contracts

Attempt and Prevention5 words

• bid🔊verbto try to achieve something
• ward off🔊verbto repel or avoid an attack or undesirable situation
• head off🔊verbto take action to prevent or resolve a problem before it occurs
• circumvent🔊verbto evade an obligation, question, or problem by means of excuses or dishonesty
• bypass🔊verbto circumvent or avoid something, especially cleverly or illegally

Movements11 words

• meander🔊verb(of a river, trail, etc.) to follow along a curvy or indirect path
• trot🔊verbto run faster than a walk but slower than a full sprint
• scuttle🔊verbto move quickly and with short, hasty steps
• dart🔊verbto move swiftly and abruptly in a particular direction
• haul🔊verbto pull something or someone along the ground, usually with difficulty
• flop🔊verbto move in a loose, uncontrolled, or erratic manner
• bolt🔊verbto move or run away quickly and unexpectedly
• zip🔊verbto move rapidly
• whisk🔊verbto move quickly and lightly in a particular direction or manner
• streak🔊verbto move swiftly in a specified direction, leaving a visible trail or mark
• bog down🔊verbto get stuck in mud or wet ground, preventing movement

Science1 words

• ecology🔊nounthe scientific study of the environment or the interrelation of living creatures and the way they affect each other

Education2 words

• crib🔊nouna translation or paraphrase of a literary work, often used for study or reference
• ditch🔊verbto deliberately absent oneself from a class or school activity without permission

Astronomy2 words

• corona🔊nounthe outer layer of the Sun's atmosphere, observable as a plasma halo during a solar eclipse
• ecliptic🔊nounthe apparent path that the Sun traces in the sky over the course of a year, which is also the plane of the Earth's orbit around the Sun

Physics1 words

• quark🔊nouna fundamental particle combining to form protons and neutrons, with fractional electric charge and six flavors

Biology2 words

• translation🔊nounthe process by which the information encoded in the sequence of nucleotides in DNA is converted into a functional product, typically a protein
• replication🔊nounthe process by which an organism duplicates its genetic material, particularly the copying of DNA in cell division

Chemistry2 words

• catalyst🔊noun(chemistry) a substance that causes a chemical reaction to happen at a faster rate without undergoing any chemical change itself
• alcohol🔊nouna compound with a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to a carbon atom, widely used as solvents, fuels, and in pharmaceutical and chemical synthesis

Geology1 words

• plate🔊nouna large, rigid section of the Earth's lithosphere that moves, leading to geological activity like earthquakes and volcanic eruptions

Philosophy1 words

• absurdism🔊nounthe belief that life is inherently meaningless, yet individuals can create their own meaning

Psychology4 words

• dissociation🔊nouna psychological and neurological process involving a separation or disconnection of thoughts, memories, identity, or consciousness, often as a response to trauma or stress
• psyche🔊nounthe immaterial or nonphysical aspect of a person
• catharsis🔊noun(psychology) the process of relieving a complex by bringing it to consciousness and directly addressing it
• psychotic🔊nounsomeone who suffers from psychosis

Maths and Graphs6 words

• algorithm🔊nouna finite sequence of well-defined, mathematical instructions for completing a specific task or solving a problem
• derivative🔊nounthe rate at which a function changes with respect to its independent variable
• integral🔊nouna mathematical concept representing the total accumulation of a quantity, often represented by the area under a curve on a graph
• limit🔊nounthe value that a function or sequence approaches as its input or index gets close to a particular value
• matrix🔊nouna rectangular array of numbers or symbols organized in rows and columns, commonly used in linear algebra for representing equations, transformations, and vector operations
• cross section🔊nounthe non-empty area formed by the intersection of a solid object in three-dimensional space and a plane, or the corresponding concept in higher-dimensional spaces

Geometry5 words

• curvature🔊nounthe measure of how much a curve or surface deviates from being straight or flat at a specific point
• torus🔊nouna solid shape resembling a donut or ring, made by spinning a circle around a line that does not cut through the circle
• crescent🔊nouna curved shape with narrow points at the ends that appears wider in the middle, like the shape of the moon in its first and last quarters
• oblong🔊nouna rectangular figure that has unequal adjacent sides with arched angles
• lozenge🔊noun(geometry) a four-sided figure with opposite equal angles, forming a diamond shape

Environment3 words

• flora🔊noun(botany) an individual plant or plant species
• green belt🔊nouna strip of open land around a city where construction is prohibited in order to protect the environment
• reservoir🔊nouna lake, either natural or artificial, from which water is supplied to houses

Energy and Power1 words

• combustion🔊nouna chemical reaction between a fuel and an oxidizing agent, typically producing heat and light

Landscape and Geography5 words

• cataract🔊nouna large waterfall where water rushes forcefully over a height
• crater🔊nounthe round top of a volcano
• altitude🔊nounthe distance between an object or point and sea level
• shingle🔊nouna beach or shoreline covered with small, smooth, rounded stones or pebbles, typically found along coasts or riverbanks
• cape🔊nouna large, pointed piece of land that extends into a sea, ocean, or other large body of water

Engineering3 words

• relay🔊nounan electronic device that uses a small electrical current to control a larger current, acting like an automatic switch
• crank🔊nouna device that allows movement between mechanical parts of a machine or converts backward and forward motion into circular movement
• aerospace🔊nounthe sector of technology and industry focused on aircraft, spacecraft, and their associated systems

Technology3 words

• algorithm🔊nouna set of rules used by digital systems to decide what content to show users based on their behavior and preferences
• configure🔊verbto set up a system, device, software, or components in a specific way to achieve a desired functionality
• computerize🔊verbto use computers to perform a task or do a particular job

Internet4 words

• ping🔊verbto send a signal to a computer and wait for a reply as a way to test the connection
• host🔊nouna computer or device on a network that provides services, resources, or data to other computers or devices, known as clients
• front end🔊nouna part of a computer that is easily accessible and one uses constantly
• cracker🔊nounan individual who engages in unauthorized attempts to access computer systems, networks, or software, often with malicious intent

Computer4 words

• socket🔊nouna place where we can plug in devices to connect them to the electricity
• pointer🔊nouna symbol or indicator on a computer screen that marks the position where user input, such as mouse clicks or keystrokes, is applied
• prompt🔊nouna symbol, message, or signal on a computer screen that indicates the system is ready to receive input or commands from the user
• bus🔊nouna communication system facilitating data transfer between components or devices within a computer or between multiple computers

History4 words

• page🔊noun(in medieval times) a young boy serving as an attendant to a knight, beginning training for knighthood
• hieroglyphic🔊nouna system of writing using symbols or pictures, originally used by the ancient Egyptians
• genealogy🔊nounthe lineage or ancestry of a person, tracing their familial relationships and connections through multiple generations
• antiquity🔊nounthe historical period before the Middle Ages, especially before the sixth century when Greeks and Romans were the most prosperous

Religion5 words

• gospel🔊nouna set of teachings or principles of a religious group considered authoritative or generally accepted within that group
• heresy🔊nouna belief or opinion that contradicts the established doctrines of a religion
• bishop🔊nouna high-ranking priest who supervises all the churches and priests in a city
• pantheon🔊nouna monumental building dedicated to gods and goddesses
• chapel🔊nouna small place for prayer or religious services that is separate from a main church or cathedral

Culture and Custom4 words

• canon🔊noungenerally accepted rules or principles, especially those that are considered as fundamental in a field of art or philosophy
• descent🔊nounthe origin or lineage of a person in terms of family, nationality, or ancestry
• aesthetic🔊nouna philosophical theory or system concerning what is beautiful or artistically valuable
• mannerism🔊nouna distinctive style, behavior, or way of doing things that is characteristic of a particular individual, group, or period

Language2 words

• syntax🔊noun(linguistics) the way in which words and phrases are arranged to form grammatical sentences in a language
• morphology🔊nounthe field of linguistics that investigates how words are formed, analyzed, and combined to convey meaning, including the study of prefixes, suffixes, roots, and other linguistic units

Arts6 words

• royalty🔊nouna payment made to the author or creator of a work for each copy of the work that is sold
• bust🔊nouna sculpture representing someone's head, shoulders, and chest
• textile🔊nounany type of knitted, felted or woven cloth
• fresco🔊nouna technique of mural painting that is done by putting watercolor on wet plaster on a wall or ceiling
• mannerism🔊nouna European style of art in the late 16th century characterized by hyper-idealization and distorted human forms
• baroque🔊nounan ornate and grand style of art, music, and architecture present in the 17th and early 18th centuries in Europe

Music8 words

• encore🔊nounan additional or repeated piece that is performed at the end of a concert, because the audience has asked for it
• duet🔊nouna piece of music written for two performers
• coda🔊nounthe final passage of an extended musical composition
• discord🔊nounan unusual combination of musical notes that sound strange when played
• chaconne🔊nouna musical composition in moderate triple time, popular in the baroque era
• treble🔊nounthe part in harmonic music or the voice with the highest pitch that belongs to a boy or female vocalist
• crossover🔊nounthe process of changing the style or form by a musician in order to appeal to a wider range of people
• resolution🔊nounthe deliberate transition from discordant or tense notes or chords to harmonious and stable ones, delivering a musically satisfying and conclusive sound

Film and Theatre4 words

• cameo🔊nouna minor role that is played by a well-known actor
• interlude🔊nouna short interval between parts of a play, movie, etc.
• green room🔊nouna room in a theater, a studio, etc. in which performers can relax while not performing
• ad lib🔊nouna line that is recited in a speech or performance without prior preparation

Literature3 words

• parable🔊nouna short, simple story that teaches a moral lesson
• allegory🔊nouna specific story, artwork, or performance that embodies symbolic representation of deeper truths
• epilogue🔊nouna brief section added at the end of a literary work, providing closure, commentary, or resolution

Architecture4 words

• atrium🔊nouna large area typically with glass walls or roof in the middle of a building such a shopping center
• foyer🔊nouna large space at the entrance of a hotel or theater where people can wait or meet
• mezzanine🔊nouna floor situated between two other floors of a building, which is smaller compared to the two
• vestibule🔊nouna small entrance hall or lobby located just inside the main entrance of a building, serving as a transitional space between the exterior and the interior

Marketing4 words

• giveaway🔊nouna promotional activity where products or services are offered for free as a means of advertising or generating interest
• concern🔊nouna business entity, organization, or company engaged in commercial, industrial, or professional activities
• niche🔊nouna focused segment of the market, tailored to meet the specific needs or interests of a specific group of consumers
• classified🔊nounan ad or notice in a publication, categorically arranged, offering goods, services, jobs, or information

Finance6 words

• option🔊nouna contract that gives the holder the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell an asset at a predetermined price within a specified time frame
• book🔊nounthe official record of financial transactions and accounts for a business, including ledgers, journals, and other accounting documents
• bottom line🔊nounthe amount that was profited or lost in an organization or company after everything was calculated
• equity🔊nounthe value of an asset after deducting all claims, debts, or liens against it
• hedge🔊nouna thing or method that protects one against potential problems, particularly financial ones
• takeover🔊nounthe acquisition of a company, leading to a change in ownership and often involving the purchase of a substantial portion of its shares

Management1 words

• collective🔊nouna cooperative or united group of individuals, entities, or elements working together for a common purpose or interest

Medicine6 words

• radiology🔊nounthe branch of medical science that primarily focuses on the use of radiation for diagnosis and treatment
• analgesic🔊nouna pain-relieving medication
• hypnotic🔊nouna medication that induces sleep
• prophylactic🔊nouna drug, vaccine, or treatment used to prevent infection or disease
• lozenge🔊nouna small tablet containing medicine, intended to dissolve slowly in the mouth
• draught🔊nouna dose of a medicine in the form of a liquid

Sickness and Symptoms2 words

• congestion🔊nouna condition where an excess amount of blood or other fluid accumulates in a part of the body, leading to swelling or discomfort
• bout🔊nouna short period during which someone is suffering from an illness

Law6 words

• equity🔊nounthe quality of being fair and just toward people according to natural law
• bar🔊nounthe physical railing or barrier in a courtroom that separates participants from the judge
• injunction🔊nouna legal order from a court that requires a party to do or refrain from doing a specific action
• infringe🔊verbto violate someone's rights or property
• bust🔊nouna raid or arrest, often resulting from police or law enforcement investigations
• annex🔊verbto attach a document to another, especially in formal or legal writings

Crime6 words

• battery🔊nounthe intentional and unlawful physical contact or harm inflicted on another person
• loot🔊verbto illegally obtain or exploit copyrighted or patented material for personal gain
• libel🔊nouna published false statement that damages a person's reputation
• poach🔊verbto illegally hunt, catch, or fish on another person's property or in prohibited areas
• forge🔊verbto create a fake copy or imitation of something
• extort🔊verbto illegally obtain money, property, or services from someone through threat of harm or force

Punishment3 words

• stone🔊verbto execute or punish someone by throwing stones at them
• retribution🔊nounpunishment rightly inflicted for a wrongdoing
• detention🔊nouna type of punishment for students who have done something wrong and as a result, they cannot go home at the same time as others

Government5 words

• inaugural🔊nounthe speech delivered by a newly elected President of the United States at their swearing-in ceremony, articulating their plans for their term in office
• inauguration🔊nouna formal ceremony at which a person is admitted to office
• inaugurate🔊verbto officially start or introduce something
• prorogue🔊verbto suspend a legislative session by executive authority without dissolving the assembly
• veto🔊nounthe authority or right to forbid or reject an action, often by a head of state or executive

Politics2 words

• promulgate🔊verbto formally put a law or regulation into effect through official proclamation
• skirmish🔊nouna short, political argument, particularly between rivals

War7 words

• coup🔊nounan unexpected, illegal, and often violent attempt to change a government
• arsenal🔊nouna building, complex, or site used for producing, keeping, or repairing arms and ammunition
• deterrent🔊nouna military strategy or capability designed to dissuade an adversary from aggression
• ammunition🔊nounbullets, shells, or other projectiles used in firearms
• mortar🔊nouna short-barreled, muzzle-loaded artillery piece that fires explosive shells at high angles for close-range support
• atrocity🔊nounan extremely brutal act, especially in war
• blitz🔊verbto carry out a sudden and intense military attack

Measurement2 words

• pace🔊nouna measure of length that equals the distance traveled between two steps during a walk
• thermometer🔊nouna device used to measure a person's body temperature to assess for fever or abnormal temperature

Emotions4 words

• melancholy🔊nouna feeling of long-lasting sadness that often cannot be explained
• inhibition🔊nouna feeling of self-consciousness, restraint, or a limiting factor that hinders the free expression of one's thoughts, emotions, or actions
• enchantment🔊nouna state of great admiration or fascination caused by something beautiful, wonderful, or unusual
• zeal🔊nouna great enthusiasm directed toward achieving something

Travel and Migration2 words

• alight🔊verbto settle or land on a surface, often referring to a bird or insect
• ply🔊verbto travel along a specific path on a regular basis

Weather3 words

• precipitation🔊nounwater in forms such as rain, snow, hail, or sleet that falls from the atmosphere to the Earth's surface
• thermometer🔊nouna tool designed to measure the temperature of the surrounding air or environment
• chinook🔊nouna warm, dry wind that descends the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains, causing a rapid and significant increase in temperature

Disasters2 words

• cataclysm🔊nouna sudden, violent natural disaster that drastically alters the earth's landscape
• deluge🔊nounthe overflow of normally dry land by rising water

Animals7 words

• canine🔊nouna member of the dog family, including domestic dogs, wolves, foxes, and related animals
• crepuscular🔊adjective(of an animal) active during the twilight hours of dawn and dusk
• arboreal🔊adjective(of animals) adapted to or living high in trees, rather than on the ground
• simian🔊adjectiveof or relating to monkeys or apes
• terrestrial🔊adjectiverelated to or living on land, rather than in the sea or air
• nocturnal🔊adjective(of animals or organisms) primarily active during the night
• diurnal🔊adjectiveprimarily active or occurring during the daytime

Food and Drinks2 words

• confit🔊nouna method of slow-cooking meat in fat at a low temperature to achieve tender, flavorful results
• buttery🔊nouna storage room for alcoholic beverages, primarily wine and ale, and sometimes provisions, including food

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