Master essential vocabulary for IELTS Level 5 and below, building the descriptive language skills you need for the exam.
215 topics1919 words
Describing Size and Scale7 words
teenyadjectivehaving a very small size
pocket-sizedadjectivedescribing something that is small enough to fit in a pocket
mini-sizedadjectivedescribing something that is smaller than usual, typically in a cute or compact way
nanoscaleadjectiveextremely small, typically between 1 and 100 billionths of a meter, where materials show unique properties
undersizedadjectivesmaller than the typical or expected size
sizableadjectivehaving a relatively large size
upsizeverbto increase the size, scale, or dimensions of something, typically making it larger or more substantial than it was before
Describing Dimensions5 words
stretchedadjectivepulled tight, spread out, or used to its limits, often making it thin, strained, or barely enough
lengthyadjectivecontinuing for too long
shortishadjectivenot having a long length
widenverbto become wider or broader in dimension, extent, or scope
lengthenverbto increase the length or duration of something
Describing Weight and Steadiness2 words
weightlessadjectivehaving or seeming to have no or little weight, caused by the absence of gravity
unsteadyadjectivenot stable, shaky, or likely to move or fall
Describing an Increase in Amount6 words
filledadjectivecontaining as much as possible of something inside
bountifuladjectiveexisting in large amounts
increaseverbto become larger in amount or size
maximizeverbto increase something to the highest possible level
enlargementnounthe action of making something bigger in size, quantity, or scope
expansionnounan increase in the amount, size, importance, or degree of something
Describing a Decrease in Amount5 words
minimizedadjectivedecreased to the smallest amount or quantity possible
decreaseverbto become less in amount, size, or degree
shortenverbto decrease the length of something
reductionnouna decline in amount, degree, etc. of a particular thing
contractedadjectivereduced or decreased in extent or scope
Describing High Intensity2 words
magnifyverbto make something seem bigger
deepenverbto intensify or strengthen something, making it more significant or extreme
Describing Low Intensity4 words
alleviateverbto reduce from the difficulty or intensity of a problem, issue, etc.
moderateverbto lessen extremity or severity of something
sootheverbto reduce the severity of a pain
easeverbto reduce the severity or seriousness of something unpleasant
Describing Space and Area4 words
roomyadjectivepossessing a great deal of space
enclosedadjective(of an area, space, etc.) confined or bordered on all sides
constrictedadjectivemade narrower by applying more pressure
jammedadjectivepacked extremely tight within a space
Describing Shapes2 words
star-shapedadjectiveshaped like a star, with several angles
heart-shapedadjectiveshaped like the common representation of a heart, with two equal curved parts
Describing Speed7 words
high-speedadjectivemoving or functioning very fast
speedyadjectivemoving or happening quickly
snaillikeadjectiveresembling or moving at the slow and deliberate pace characteristic of a snail
snail-pacedadjectivemoving or progressing very slowly
gradualadjectiveoccurring slowly and step-by-step over a long period of time
slowverbto decrease the speed of something
brakeverbto slow down or stop a moving car, etc. by using the brakes
Describing Significance10 words
emphasizeverbto give special attention or importance to something
inessentialadjectivenot required for the basic functioning or core purpose
nonessentialadjectivenot absolutely necessary
unessentialadjectivenot necessary or crucial and capable of being omitted without affecting the main aspects
insignificantadjectivenot having much importance or influence
unremarkableadjectivehaving no particular or outstanding quality
unimportantadjectivehaving no value or significance
noncrucialadjectivehaving little significance
nonseriousadjectivenot characterized by seriousness or lacks a significant level of importance
nonvitaladjectivenot essential or not absolutely necessary
Describing Influence and Strength1 words
strengthenverbto make something more powerful
Describing Uniqueness6 words
unnaturaladjectivecontrary to what is accepted as normal
unfamiliaradjectivenot explored or known about
abnormaladjectivedifferent from what is usual or expected
uncommonadjectivenot happening or found often
usualadjectiveconforming to what is generally anticipated or considered typical
acceptedadjective(of ideas, opinions, etc.) considered reasonable or agreed by most people
Describing Complexity2 words
uncomplicatedadjectiveclear and easy to understand
comprehensibleadjectiveclear in meaning or expression
Describing Value4 words
high-pricedadjectivehaving an expensive price
low-pricedadjectivecosting a small amount of money
worthlessadjectivehaving no meaningful value, impact, or utility
unworthyadjectivehaving no value
Describing Quality2 words
unacceptableadjective(of a thing) not pleasing or satisfying enough
worthlessadjectivehaving no meaningful value, impact, or utility
Describing Challenges6 words
tryingadjectivehard to manage or endure
overwhelmingadjectivetoo intense or powerful to resist or manage effectively
deal withverbto take the necessary action regarding someone or something specific
solveverbto find an answer or solution to a question or problem
copeverbto handle a difficult situation and deal with it successfully
manageableadjectiveeasy to be controlled or dealt with
Describing Wealth and Success10 words
victoriousadjectivehaving won a contest, struggle, etc.
well-to-doadjectivefairly rich
triumphverbto achieve great success, often by putting a lot of effort
achieveverbto finally accomplish a desired goal after dealing with many difficulties
succeedverbto reach or achieve what one desired or tried for
excelverbto demonstrate exceptional skill, achievement, or proficiency in a particular activity, subject, or field
elevateverbto raise someone or something to a higher rank or better position
improveverbto make a person or thing better
unproductiveadjectiveineffective in producing positive or meaningful outcomes
celebratedadjectivewidely recognized and acknowledged
Describing Poverty and Failure2 words
failedadjectivenot successful in achieving the desired result
unproductiveadjectiveineffective in producing positive or meaningful outcomes
Describing Appearance2 words
unpleasingadjectivegiving no pleasure or enjoyment
unprettyadjectivenot looking very nice or attractive
Describing Age3 words
agedadjectiveold and mature of age
teenageadjectivehaving the age of thirteen to nineteen
youthfuladjectivehaving the characteristics that are typical of young people
Describing Body Shape1 words
tonedadjectivehaving well-defined muscles and firmness, often as a result of exercise or physical activity
Describing Wellness3 words
energeticadjectiveactive and full of energy
in shapephrase(of a person) having a healthy or fit body
unwelladjectivenot feeling physically or mentally healthy or fit
Describing Textures2 words
spongyadjectivehaving a soft and compressible texture with pores
glassyadjectivehaving a smooth and reflective surface, resembling glass in appearance and texture
Describing Intelligence5 words
unintellectualadjectivelacking intellectual depth, curiosity, or engagement with complex ideas
unwiseadjectivelacking careful thought or sound judgment in decisions or actions
simple-mindedadjective(of a person) not intelligent and unable to comprehend complicated matters
brainlessadjectiveshowing no cleverness
mindlessadjectivedone without thought or reason
Describing Positive Human Traits4 words
selflessadjectiveputting other people's needs before the needs of oneself
humorousadjectivemaking one laugh particularly by being enjoyable
trustfuladjectivehaving a natural tendency to believe in others' honesty or reliability
childlikeadjectivehaving the innocence of a child
Describing Negative Human Traits6 words
neglectfuladjectivefailing to provide enough attention and care
thoughtlessadjectiveacting without considering the consequences or the feelings of others
hatefuladjectivecharacterized by strong feelings of dislike and annoyance
unstableadjectivedisplaying unpredictable and sudden changes in emotions and behavior
calculatingadjectivecarefully planning actions to benefit oneself, often at the expense of others
unresponsiveadjectivedistant and uncaring toward other people
Describing Moral Traits5 words
forgivingadjectiveable to excuse people's faults, mistakes, or offenses
respectfuladjectivetreating others with politeness, consideration, and dignity
disloyaladjectivefailing to remain faithful to a person, group, or cause
disrespectfuladjectivebehaving or talking in a way that is inconsiderate or offensive to a person or thing
unforgivingadjectiveshowing no mercy, particularly toward people's faults
Describing Emotional Responses9 words
pleasingadjectiveproviding a sense of satisfaction or reward
pleasurableadjectivegiving satisfaction and enjoyment
satisfyingadjectivefulfilling a want or a requirement, and bringing a feeling of accomplishment or enjoyment
uninterestingadjectivefailing to attract attention or interest
terrifyingadjectivecausing a person to become filled with fear
upsettingadjectivecausing sadness, anger, or concern
distressingadjectivecausing feelings of discomfort, sadness, or anxiety
dishearteningadjectivecausing someone to lose hope or courage
soothingadjectiveproviding a calming or comforting sensation that helps to relieve or lessen pain or discomfort
Describing Emotional States2 words
discouragedadjectivelacking confidence and enthusiasm
fulfilledadjectivefeeling happy and satisfied with one's life, job, etc.
Describing Social Behaviours2 words
charismaticadjectivehaving an appealing and persuasive personality that attracts and influences others
courteousadjectivebehaving with politeness and respect
Describing Tastes and Smells3 words
mintyadjectivehaving a fresh taste like peppermint
stinkyadjectivesmelling very bad
smellyadjectivehaving a strong, unpleasant odor
Describing Sounds6 words
low-pitchedadjectivehaving a soft and quiet sound
mumblingadjectivespeaking quietly and unclearly, making it hard for others to understand
whisperingadjectivemaking a soft and low sound
ringingadjectivehaving a resonant, often metallic or bell-like noise that carries far
screamingadjectivehaving a loud and sharp sound
hushedadjectivehaving a quiet and calm state, often accompanied by quiet voices or sounds
Describing Temperature3 words
heatedadjectivehaving a condition of high temperature, often causing discomfort or requiring cooling measures
roastingadjectiveregarding extremely hot temperatures, often causing discomfort or sweating
white-hotadjectiveexcessively heated to the point of shining in a white color
Describing Probability2 words
improbableadjectivehaving a low chance of occurring
unquestionableadjectiveallowing no questions or doubts
Expressing Relational Actions5 words
trustverbto believe that someone is sincere, reliable, or competent
get alongverbto have a friendly or good relationship with someone or something
care forverbto provide treatment for or help a person or an animal that is sick or injured
hang outverbto spend much time in a specific place or with someone particular
divorceverbto legally end a marriage
Expressing Body Language and Gestures18 words
gestureverbto express a meaning with a movement of the hands, face, head, etc.
nodverbto move one's head up and down as a sign of agreement, understanding, or greeting
smileverbto make our mouth curve upwards, often in a way that our teeth can be seen, to show that we are happy or amused
hugverbto tightly and closely hold someone in one's arms, typically a person one loves
kissverbto touch someone else's lips or other body parts with one's lips to show love, sexual desire, respect, etc.
high-fiveverbto enthusiastically slap someone's raised palm with your own as a celebration, greeting, or show of agreement
greetverbto give someone a sign of welcoming or a polite word when meeting them
frownverbto bring your eyebrows closer together showing anger, sadness, or confusion
thumbs upphrasean instance or gesture that indicates approval or satisfaction
thumbs downnounused to indicate failure or disapproval
cringeverbto draw back involuntarily, often in response to fear, pain, embarrassment, or discomfort
to [blow] {sb} a kissphraseto make a kissing gesture with one's hand or lips and send it toward another person as a sign of affection
to [cross] {one's} fingersphraseto hope for good luck or a positive outcome, often literally or symbolically overlapping the middle finger over the index finger
giggleverbto laugh in a light, silly, or often uncontrollable way as a result of nervousness or embarrassment
to [bite] {one's} lipphraseto press one's teeth against the lip as a reaction to emotion, pain, or to prevent oneself from saying something
yawnverbto unexpectedly open one's mouth wide and deeply breathe in because of being bored or tired
to [hold] handsphraseto link hands with someone as an expression of affection, unity, or support
to [raise] (some|a few|many|) eyebrowsphraseto cause surprise, curiosity, or mild shock among people due to something unconventional, unexpected, or controversial
Expressing Postures and Positions1 words
kneelverbto support the weight of the body on a knee or both knees
Expressing Opinions6 words
complainverbto express your annoyance, unhappiness, or dissatisfaction about something
protestverbto show disagreement by taking action or expressing it verbally, particularly in public
faultverbto put blame on someone or something for a mistake or problem
critiqueverbto carefully examine something in a detailed manner
disagreeverbto hold or give a different opinion about something
approveverbto officially agree to a plan, proposal, etc.
Expressing Thoughts and Decisions9 words
analyzeverbto examine or study something in detail in order to explain or understand it
rememberverbto bring a type of information from the past to our mind again
recallverbto bring back something from the memory
recollectverbto bring to mind past memories or experiences
memorizeverbto repeat something until it is kept in one's memory
decideverbto think carefully about different things and choose one of them
chooseverbto decide what we want to have or what is best for us from a group of options
preferverbto want or choose one person or thing instead of another because of liking them more
overthinkverbto think too much about something, often making it more complicated than it needs to be
Expressing Knowledge and Information4 words
teachverbto give lessons to students in a university, college, school, etc.
describeverbto give details about someone or something to say what they are like
simplifyverbto make something easier or less complex to understand, do, etc.
signifyverbto indicate a meaning
Expressing Encouragement and Discouragement4 words
persuadeverbto make a person do something through reasoning or other methods
influenceverbto have an effect on a particular person or thing
impressverbto make someone admire and respect one
motivateverbto make someone want to do something by giving them a reason or encouragement
Expressing Request and Suggestion4 words
hintverbto indirectly suggest something
put forwardverbto present an idea, suggestion, etc. to be discussed
requestverbto ask for something politely or formally
needverbto want something or someone that we must have if we want to do or be something
Expressing Regret and Sadness4 words
sorrowverbto have a deep feeling of sadness
apologizeverbto tell a person that one is sorry for having done something wrong
weepverbto shed tears due to strong feelings of sadness
mournverbto feel deeply sad usually due to someone's death
Expressing Respect and Approval7 words
praiseverbto express admiration or approval toward something or someone
admireverbto express respect toward someone or something often due to qualities, achievements, etc.
cheerverbto encourage or show support or praise for someone by shouting
congratulateverbto express one's good wishes or praise to someone when something very good has happened to them
thankverbto show gratitude to someone for what they have done
adoreverbto love and respect someone very much
prizeverbto highly value something
Expressing Attempt and Prevention6 words
attemptverbto try to complete or do something difficult
fleeverbto escape danger or from a place
avoidverbto intentionally stay away from or refuse contact with someone
preventverbto not let someone do something
counteractverbto act against something in order to reduce its effect
screamverbto make a loud, sharp cry when one is feeling a strong emotion
Expressing Physical Actions and Reactions3 words
resistverbto use force to prevent something from happening or to fight against an attack
guardverbto protect a person, place, or property against harm or an attack
bullyverbto use power or influence to frighten or harm someone weaker or more vulnerable
Expressing Movements6 words
crawlverbto move slowly with the body near the ground or on the hands and knees
springverbto make a sudden and quick move forward
glideverbto move smoothly and effortlessly through the air or on a surface with little or no propulsion
slideverbto move smoothly over a surface
rotateverbto turn or move around a center
danceverbto move the body to music in a special way
Commanding and Giving Permissions21 words
controlverbto have power over a person, company, country, etc. and to decide how things should be done
prohibitverbto formally forbid something from being done, particularly by law
forbidverbto not give permission typically through the use of authority, rules, etc.
banverbto officially forbid a particular action, item, or practice
compelverbto make someone do something
imposeverbto force someone to do what they do not want
commandverbto give an official order to a person or an animal to perform a particular task
manageverbto deal with someone, something, or a situation in a way that keeps it under control
ruleverbto control and be in charge of a country
orderverbto give an instruction to someone to do something through one's authority
allowverbto let someone or something do a particular thing
letverbto allow something to happen or someone to do something
restrictverbto bring someone or something under control through laws and rules
limitverbto not let something increase in amount or number
forceverbto make someone behave a certain way or do a particular action, even if they do not want to
pushverbto force someone to do something, particularly against their will
enforceverbto make individuals to behave in a particular way
pressverbto try very hard to persuade someone to do something
insistverbto urgently demand someone to do something or something to take place
permitverbto allow something or someone to do something
followverbto act accordingly to someone or something's advice, commands, or instructions
Engaging in Verbal Communication24 words
dialogueverbto engage in a conversation or discussion between two or more people
gossipverbto talk about the private lives of others with someone, often sharing secrets or spreading untrue information
debateverbto formally discuss a matter, usually in a structured setting
stateverbto clearly and formally express something in speech or writing
interactverbto communicate with others, particularly while spending time with them
declareverbto officially tell people something
whisperverbto speak very softly or quietly, usually to avoid being overheard by others who are nearby
mumbleverbto speak in a low or unclear voice, often so that the words are difficult to understand
socializeverbto interact and spend time with people
announceverbto make plans or decisions known by officially telling people about them
communicateverbto exchange information, news, ideas, etc. with someone
chatverbto send and receive messages on an online platform
narrateverbto explain the events taking place in a movie, documentary, etc. as part of the program itself
mentionverbto say something about someone or something, without giving much detail
discussverbto talk about something with someone, often in a formal manner
talkverbto tell someone about the feelings or ideas that we have
argueverbto speak to someone often angrily because one disagrees with them
negotiateverbto discuss the terms of an agreement or try to reach one
reportverbto give a written or spoken description of an event to someone
tellverbto use words and give someone information
indicateverbto mention or express something in few words
point outverbto show or mention something to someone and give them enough information to take notice
speakverbto use one's voice to express a particular feeling or thought
shoutverbto speak loudly, often associated with expressing anger or when you cannot hear what the other person is saying
Understanding and Learning12 words
comprehendverbto fully understand something, especially something complicated
learnverbto become knowledgeable or skilled in something by doing it, studying, or being taught
understandverbto know something's meaning, particularly something that someone says
realizeverbto have a sudden or complete understanding of a fact or situation
studyverbto spend time to learn about certain subjects by reading books, going to school, etc.
getverbto mentally grasp something or someone's words or actions
noticeverbto pay attention and become aware of a particular thing or person
seeverbto realize or understand something
knowverbto have some information about something
discoververbto become aware or gain information by chance
followverbto understand something such as an explanation, story, or the meaning of something
figure outverbto find the answer to a question or problem
Perceiving The Senses11 words
listenverbto give our attention to the sound a person or thing is making
experienceverbto personally be involved in and understand a particular situation, event, etc.
tasteverbto have a specific flavor
smellverbto release a particular scent
seeverbto notice a thing or person with our eyes
hearverbto notice the sound a person or thing is making
senseverbto feel the existence of something by touch or other sensory perceptions, excluding sight or hearing
watchverbto look at a thing or person and pay attention to it for some time
lookverbto turn our eyes toward a person or thing that we want to see
feelverbto experience a particular emotion
touchverbto put our hand or body part on a thing or person
Resting and Relaxing19 words
napnouna short period of sleep, typically taken during the day to refresh or rest
snoreverbto breathe through one's nose and mouth in a noisy way while asleep
snoozeverbto sleep lightly for a brief amount of time
drowseverbto be in a state of light sleep
chill outverbto relax and take a break especially when feeling stressed or upset
dozeverbto sleep lightly for a short amount of time
unwindverbto relax and stop worrying after being under stress
slumberverbto sleep, typically in a calm and peaceful manner
lazeverbto relax and enjoy oneself in a leisurely way, often by lying around and doing nothing productive
loungeverbto relax in a comfortable way
relaxverbto feel less worried or stressed
lieverb(of a person or animal) to be in a resting position on a flat surface, not standing or sitting
sleepverbto rest our mind and body, with our eyes closed
restverbto stop working, moving, or doing an activity for a period of time and sit or lie down to relax
leanverbto bend from a straight position typically to rest the body against something for support
meditateverbto focus on one's thoughts for spiritual purposes or to calm one's mind
dreamverbto experience something in our mind while we are asleep
reclineverbto rest or lean one's body in a comfortable position
stretch outverbto extend the body to relax
Touching and Holding11 words
rubverbto apply pressure to a surface with back and forth or circular motions
tickleverbto lightly touch or stroke a sensitive part of the body, causing a tingling or laughing sensation
caressverbto touch in a gentle and loving way
massageverbto press or rub a part of a person's body, typically with the hands, to make them feel refreshed
holdverbto have in your hands or arms
grabverbto take someone or something suddenly or violently
pressverbto push a thing tightly against something else
squeezeverbto force liquid out of something by firmly twisting or pressing it
pullverbto use your hands to move something or someone toward yourself or in the direction that your hands are moving
handleverbto pick something up and hold with one's hands
smoothverbto make a surface free from roughness
Eating and Drinking13 words
lickverbto pass the tongue over a surface, typically to taste or eat something
swallowverbto cause food, drink, or another substance to pass from the mouth down into the stomach, using the muscles of the throat
chewverbto bite and crush food into smaller pieces with the teeth to make it easier to swallow
dineverbto have dinner
eat outverbto eat in a restaurant, etc. rather than at one's home
sipverbto drink a liquid by taking a small amount each time
lunchverbto eat lunch, particularly at a restaurant
breakfastverbto have a meal early in the morning
brunchverbto have a meal that is a combination of breakfast and lunch late in the morning
eatverbto put food into the mouth, then chew and swallow it
digestverbto break down food in the body and to absorb its nutrients and necessary substances
suckverbto pull air, liquid, etc. into the mouth by using the muscles of the mouth and the lips
drinkverbto put water, coffee, or other type of liquid inside of our body through our mouth
Preparing Food20 words
bakeverbto cook food, usually in an oven, without any extra fat or liquid
fryverbto cook in hot oil or fat
blendverbto combine different substances together
chopverbto cut something into pieces using a knife, etc.
peelverbto remove the skin or outer layer of something, such as fruit, etc.
grateverbto cut food into small pieces or shreds using a tool with sharp holes
shredverbto cut something into very small pieces
mashverbto crush food into a soft mass
marinateverbto soak food in a seasoned liquid, typically containing oil, vinegar, herbs, and spices, to enhance its flavor and softness before cooking
seasonverbto add spices or salt to food to make it taste better
flavorverbto improve or change the taste of a dish by adding spices, vegetables, etc. to it
boilverbto cook food in very hot water
grillverbto cook food directly over or under high heat, typically on a metal tray
roastverbto cook something, especially meat, over a fire or in an oven for an extended period
sliceverbto cut food or other things into thin, flat pieces
diceverbto cut food into small cubes
mixverbto combine two or more distinct substances or elements to form a unified whole
freezeverbto become hard or turn to ice because of reaching or going below 0° Celsius
toastverbto make food such as bread or cheese brown by heating it
cutverbto divide a thing into smaller pieces using a sharp object
Changing and Forming22 words
softenverbto make something less firm or solid
hardenverbto increase firmness or solidity of something
ripenverbto cause natural products to become fully developed
sharpenverbto make an object pointed or sharper
varyverbto make changes to or modify something, making it slightly different
transformverbto change the appearance, character, or nature of a person or object
changeverbto make a person or thing different
evolveverbto develop from a simple form to a more complex or sophisticated one over an extended period
developverbto change and become stronger or more advanced
reformverbto change something in order to make it better
reviseverbto make changes to something, especially in response to new information, feedback, or a need for improvement
meltverb(of something in solid form) to turn into liquid form by being subjected to heat
freezeverbto become hard or turn to ice because of reaching or going below 0° Celsius
formverbto make something into a shape
alterverbto cause something to change
regenerateverbto grow or be made again
shiftverbto change one's opinion, idea, attitude, or plan
shapeverbto give something a particular form
convertverbto change the form, purpose, character, etc. of something
twistverbto bend an object into a particular shape, such as wire, cloth, etc.
cropverbto cut the edges or parts of something, often to change its shape or size
meltingnounthe process of turning something from a solid form to liquid by applying heat
Organising and Collecting12 words
rearrangeverbto change the position, order, or layout of something, often with the goal of improving its organization, efficiency, or appearance
sortverbto organize items by putting them into different groups based on their characteristics or other criteria
systemizeverbto sort or put into order according to a specific system
categorizeverbto sort similar items into a specific group
arrangeverbto organize items in a specific order to make them more convenient, accessible, or understandable
compileverbto gather information in order to produce a book, report, etc.
groupverbto sort a number of items into a category
accumulateverbto collect an increasing amount of something over time
fileverbto put or store documents in a particular order
storeverbto keep something in a particular place for later use, typically in a systematic or organized manner
gatherverbto bring things together in one place
organizeverbto put things into a particular order or structure
Creating and Producing20 words
createverbto bring something into existence or make something happen
inventverbto make or design something that did not exist before
craftverbto skillfully make something, particularly with the hands
knitverbto create clothing, fabric, etc., typically from wool or thread, using a machine or a pair of long and thin needles
sculptverbto form figures and objects by cutting and carving hard materials such as wood, stone, metal, etc.
buildverbto put together different materials such as brick to make a building, etc.
constructverbto build a house, bridge, machine, etc.
formverbto combine parts or bring them together to create something
designverbto make drawings according to which something will be constructed or produced
writeverbto make letters, words, or numbers on a surface, usually on a piece of paper, with a pen or pencil
produceverbto make something using raw materials or different components
paintverbto produce a picture or design with paint
drawverbto make a picture of something using a pencil, pen, etc. without coloring it
printverbto create a number of copies of a newspaper, magazine, book, etc.
sewverbto create clothing by joining pieces of fabric together using a needle and thread
cookverbto make food with heat
prepareverbto make a person or thing ready for doing something
decorateverbto add beautiful things to something in order to make it look more attractive
modelverbto create a smaller representation of something using wood, etc.
singverbto use one's voice in order to produce musical sounds in the form of a tune or song
Talking about Science11 words
psychologynouna field of science that studies the mind, its functions, and how it affects behavior
statisticsnouna field of science that deals with numerical data collection or analysis
geneticsnounthe branch of biology that deals with how individual features and different characteristics are passed through genes
economicsnounthe study of how money, goods, and resources are produced, distributed, and used in a country or society
geographynounthe scientific study of the physical features of the Earth and its atmosphere, divisions, products, population, etc.
linguisticsnounthe study of the evolution and structure of language in general or of certain languages
biologynounthe scientific study of living organisms; the science that studies living organisms
chemistrynounthe branch of science that is concerned with studying the structure of substances and the way that they change or combine with each other
physicsnounthe scientific study of matter and energy and the relationships between them, including the study of natural forces such as light, heat, and movement
astronomynouna branch of science that studies space, planets, etc.
geologynouna field of science that studies the structure of the earth and its history
Talking about Education13 words
absenteenounsomeone who is not present at school, work, etc. when they are supposed to be
syllabusnouna document that outlines the topics, assignments, and expectations for a course
lecturenouna talk given to an audience about a particular subject to educate them, particularly at a university or college
homeworknounschoolwork that students have to do at home
gradenouna letter or number given by a teacher to show how a student is performing in class, school, etc.
textbooknouna book used for the study of a particular subject, especially in schools and colleges
professornounan experienced teacher at a university or college who specializes in a particular subject and often conducts research
semesternouneach of the two periods into which a year at schools or universities is divided
graduateverbto finish a university, college, etc. study course successfully and receive a diploma or degree
summarizeverbto give a short and simplified version that covers the main points of something
participateverbto join in an event, activity, etc.
paraphraseverbto express the meaning of something written or spoken with a different choice of words
uneducatedadjectivelacking formal schooling or systematic instruction
Talking about Research7 words
researchnouna careful and systematic study of a subject to discover new facts or information about it
analysisnouna methodical examination of the whole structure of something and the relation between its components
methodnouna specific way or process of doing something, particularly an established or systematic one
conclusionnouna decision reached after thoroughly considering all relevant information
essaynouna piece of writing that briefly analyzes or discusses a specific subject
questionnairenouna paper containing a series of questions that is given to people to collect information for statistical reasons
surveynouna collection of opinions or experiences from a specific group, typically gathered via questions
Talking about Astronomoy19 words
orbiternouna spacecraft with the purpose of cricling around a celectial obejct without landing on it
astrologynounthe study of the movements of stars and planets that are thought to affect people and the world
satellitenounan object sent into space to travel around the earth and send or receive information
universenounall that exists in the physical world, such as space, planets, galaxies, etc.
galaxynouna large number of star systems bound together by gravitational force
planetnouna huge round object that moves in an orbit, around the sun, or any other star
sunnounthe large, bright star in the sky that shines during the day and gives us light and heat
solar systemnounthe sun and the group of planets orbiting around it, including the earth
orbitnounthe path an object in the space follows to move around a planet, star, etc.
spacecraftnouna vehicle designed to travel in space
spacesuitnounclothing used by astronauts while traveling in space
cosmosnounthe universe, particularly when it is thought of as a systematic whole
NASAnouna US government agency responsible for space travel and the study of space
moonnounthe circular object going around the earth, visible mostly at night
telescopenouna piece of equipment by which the far objects, particularly those in space, are made clearly visible
astronautnounsomeone who is trained to travel and work in space
light-yearnounthe distance that light travels in a year (about 9.46 trillion kilometers)
the Milky Waynouna pale band of light seen in the sky at night that contains the solar system and billions of other stars
big bangnounthe explosion that, according to most scientists, caused the existence of the universe
Talking about Physics7 words
electronnouna small particle in an atom with negative charge
protonnouna small positively charged particle present in atoms
neutronnouna small particle with no charge present in atoms
quantumnounthe smallest possible amount of a particular quantity that cannot be divided any further
gravitynoun(physics) the universal force of attraction between any pair of objects with mass
elasticitynounthe ability to go back to the original form after being stretched
relativitynouna theory that explains the relationship between motion, space, and time
Talking about Biology10 words
organismnouna living thing such as a plant, animal, etc., especially a very small one that lives on its own
DNAnoun(biochemistry) a chemical substance that carries the genetic information, which is present in every cell and some viruses
RNAnoun(biochemistry) a chemical substance that carries the information from DNA to control the cellular protein biosynthesis
genenoun(genetics) a basic unit of heredity and a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is located on a chromosome in a cell and controls a particular quality
evolutionnoun(biology) the slow and gradual development of living things throughout the history of the earth
bacterianoun(microbiology) single-celled microorganisms that can be found in various environments, including soil, water, and living organisms, and can be beneficial, harmful, or neutral
fungusnouna plant-like organism that often grows on organic matter and has no flowers or leaves, such as moulds and mushrooms
antibodynouna blood protein produced to fight diseases or infections, or in response to foreign substances in the body
hormonenouna chemical substance produced in the body of living things influencing growth and affecting the functionality of cells or tissues
neuronnouna cell that is responsible for transmitting nerve impulses between the brain and the rest of the body
Talking about Chemistry5 words
atomnoun(science) the smallest part of a chemical element that is found in the nature
moleculenounthe smallest structure of a substance consisting of a group of atoms
ionnouna particle with a net electric charge due to loss or gain of one or more electrons
transitionverbto make something change from a particular state, condition or position to another
pHnouna quantitive mesasure used for determining how acidic or alkanic something is on a scale of 0 to 14
Talking about Geology6 words
soilnounthe black or brownish substance consisted of organic remains, rock particles, and clay that forms the upper layer of earth where trees or other plants grow
metamorphismnouna complete change in the form and structure of a rock as a result of heat and pressure
fossilnounthe preserved remains or traces of ancient plants, animals, or other organisms found in rock
hot springnouna source of hot water that natrurally flows out of the ground
orenouna rock that contains valuable mineral or metal
magmanounliquid or semi-liquid rock that exists under the earth's surface with an extremely hot temperature
Talking about Psychology4 words
perceptionnounthe image or idea that is formed based on how one understands something
phobianounan intense and irrational fear toward a specific thing such as an object, situation, concept, or animal
emotional quotientnounthe ability to understand, use, and manage one's own emotions in positive ways, as well as empathize with others
intelligence quotientnouna measure of a person's reasoning ability and cognitive skills, derived from standardized tests designed to assess human intelligence
Talking about Mathematics11 words
algebranouna branch of mathematics in which abstract letters and symbols represent numbers in order to generalize the arithmetic
geometrynounthe branch of mathematics that deals with the relation between the lines, angles and surfaces or the properties of the space
equationnoun(mathematics) a statement indicating the equality between two values
fractionnouna number obtained by dividing one integer or rational number by another, typically written in the form a/b
percentagenouna number or amount expressed as a fraction of 100
symmetrynounthe quality of having two halves that are exactly the same, which are separated by an axis
coordinatenounany set of numbers that represents an exact position on a map or graph
prime numbernouna number greater than 1 with only two devisors which can be itself or 1
composite numbernouna positive number that is the multiple of two or more numbers except for 1 and the number itself
subtractionnounthe mathematical process of finding the difference between two numbers, quantities, or expressions
multiplicationnounthe process or action of adding a number to itself a specific number of times
Talking about Graphs and Figures7 words
diagramnouna graphic design intended to explain something
bar chartnouna graphical display of information consisting of narrow rectangular lines whose heights depend on the value that they are representing
pie chartnouna graphical display of the difference between the parts of a whole shown by dividing a circle into several segments
line graphnouna graphical display of the relationship between two points connected to each other by lines
z-axisnounthe third line of the coordinate system
y-axisnounthe vertical line of the coordinate system
x-axisnounthe horizontal line of the coordinate system
Talking about Geometry7 words
zigzagnoun(geometry) a shape that consists of a line alternating its direction to left and right
semicirclenounany half of a circle
rectanglenoun(geometry) a flat shape with four right angles, especially one with opposing sides that are equal and parallel to each other
acute anglenounan angle that measures between 0 and 90 degrees, which is less than a right angle (90 degrees)
obtuse anglenounan angle that measures more than 90 degrees but less than 180 degrees
right anglenounan angle measuring exactly 90 degrees
straight anglenounan angle that measures exactly 180 degrees, which is the same as a straight line
Talking about Environment9 words
ecosystemnouna community of living organisms together with their physical environment, interacting as a system
habitatnounthe place or area in which certain animals, birds, or plants naturally exist, lives, and grows
natural resourcesnounraw materials found in nature that are used by human beings
sustainabilitynounthe capacity to be maintained for a long time and causing no harm to the environment
photosynthesisnouna process in green plants during which the plant synthesizes using water and carbon dioxide
wildlifenounall wild animals, considered as a whole, living in the natural environment
endangered speciesnouna type of animal or plant that is at risk of becoming extinct
ozone layernouna layer of gases in the earth's atmosphere that does not let the sun's ultraviolet radiation pass through
recyclingnounthe process of making waste products usable again
Talking about Energy and Power9 words
wind powernounthe electricity produced by means of turbines and other machinery
solar powernounenergy that is generated from the sun's radiation using solar panels, which convert sunlight into electricity
coalnouna type of fossil fuel, which is black and found in the ground, typically used as a source of energy
fusenounan electrical device that is used to stop or control the flow of current in a circuit in case it is too strong
renewable resourcenounnatural sources that are capable of restoring themselves
nonrenewableadjective(of a natural resource or source of energy) existing in limited amounts and not replaceable after being used
fuelnounany substance that can produce energy or heat when burned
fossil fuelnouna fuel that is found in nature and obtained from the remains of plants and animals that died millions of years ago, such as coal and gas
turbinenouna machine or engine that produces power from the pressure of a liquid or gas on a turning wheel
Talking about Landscapes and Geography21 words
valleynouna low area of land between mountains or hills, often with a river flowing through it
desertnouna large, dry area of land with very few plants, typically one covered with sand
mountainnouna very tall and large natural structure that looks like a huge hill with a pointed top that is often covered in snow
time zonenouna region of the earth that has the same standard time
hillnouna naturally raised area of land that is higher than the land around it, often with a round shape
grasslandnouna large, open, and grass-covered area
forestnouna vast area of land that is covered with trees and shrubs
junglenouna tropical forest with many plants growing densely
the oceannounthe great mass of salt water that covers most of the earth's surface
seanounthe salt water that covers most of the earth’s surface and surrounds its continents and islands
beachnounan area of sand or small stones next to a sea or a lake
shorenounthe area of land where the land meets a body of water such as an ocean, sea, lake, or river
coastnounthe land close to a sea, ocean, or lake
islandnouna piece of land surrounded by water
waterfallnouna high place, such as a cliff, from which a river or stream falls
lakenouna large area of water, surrounded by land
woodlandnounland that is filled with many trees
cavenouna hole or chamber formed underground naturally by rocks gradually breaking down over time
icebergnouna very large floating piece of ice
volcanonouna mountain with an opening on its top, from which melted rock and ash can be pushed out into the air
rainforestnouna thick, tropical forest with tall trees and consistently heavy rainfall
Talking about Technology9 words
sim cardnouna small, removable card that stores data for one's mobile device and identifies one to the network
laptopnouna small computer that you can take with you wherever you go, and it sits on your lap or a table so you can use it
smartphonenouna portable device that combines the functions of a cell phone and a computer, such as browsing the Internet, using apps, making calls, etc.
memory cardnouna small electronic storage device used to store digital data
Bluetoothnounthe system through which different devices can be connected to each other over short distances wirelessly using radio waves
headphonesnouna device that has two pieces that cover the ears and is used to listen to music or sounds without others hearing
microphonenouna piece of equipment used for recording voices or sounds or for making one's voice louder
computernounan electronic device that stores and processes data
the Internetnouna global computer network that allows users around the world to communicate with each other and exchange information
Talking about Computer14 words
GIFnouna type of image file that uses lossless compression to reduce file size without compromising image quality
USBnounthe technology or system for connecting other devices to a computer
DVDnouna type of disc used to store a lot of files, games, music, videos, etc.
desktopnounan area on a computer where the icons of programs are displayed
webcamnouna camera connected to a computer that is used for recording or broadcasting videos of the user
screen savernouna picture that appears on the computer screen after a few minutes of inactivity
softwarenounthe programs that a computer uses to perform specific tasks
hardwarenounthe physical and electronic parts of a computer or other similar system
motherboardnoun(in electronic devices such as computers, etc.) the main printed circuit board that makes it possible for all the parts of a computer to communicate
loginnounthe act of entering or starting to use a computer system or an online account
uninstallverbto remove a software program from a device or system
resetverbto turn a system off and on again
shutdownnounthe act of turning off a computer or device
photoshopverbto alter or manipulate an image using Adobe Photoshop or a similar digital editing software
Talking about Internet16 words
World Wide Webnouna network of information that is accessible to people when they use the internet
modemnounan electronic device that uses telephone lines to send and receive data between two computers
blognouna web page on which an individual or group of people regularly write about a topic of interest or their opinions or experiences, usually in an informal style
chatroomnounspecial websites on the internet where people can communicate in real time
websitenouna group of related data on the Internet with the same domain name published by a specific individual, organization, etc.
web pagenounall the information in one part of a website
Wi-Finounthe technology that allows computers, cell phones, etc. to access the Internet or exchange data wirelessly
social medianounwebsites and applications enabling users to share content and build communities on their smartphones, computers, etc.
vlognouna form of video content, often published on websites or social media platforms, where individuals or content creators share their personal experiences, expertise, or opinions through recorded videos in a blog-like format
webinarnouna seminar conducted over the internet
hashtagnouna word or phrase coming after a hash sign '#' used on social media platforms so that one can access all messages with the same subject containing the same hashtag
browsernouna computer program that enables the user to read or look at information on the Internet
downloadverbto add data to a computer from the Internet or another computer
uploadverbto send an electronic file such as a document, image, etc. from one digital device to another one, often by using the Internet
log inverbto start using a computer system, online account, or application by doing particular actions
log offverbto stop a connection to an online account or computer system by doing specific actions
Talking about Manufacture and Industry5 words
machinerynounmachines, especially large ones, considered collectively
workforcenounall the individuals who work in a particular company, industry, country, etc.
techniciannounan expert who is employed to check or work with technical equipment or machines
factorynouna building or set of buildings in which products are made, particularly using machines
quality controlnounthe process of assessing the products to make sure they meet the intended standards
Talking about History10 words
the pastnounthe time that has passed
millenniumnouna period of one thousand years, usually calculated from the year of the birth of Jesus Christ
decadenounten years of time
emperornouna male king that rules an empire
empressnouna woman who is the sovereign ruler of an empire, wielding supreme authority
world warnouna war in which many countries fight against each other
World War Inounthe war that took place from the year 1914 to 1918 between the allies and the central powers
World War IInounthe war that took place from the year 1939 to 1945 between the axis and the allies
artifactnouna man-made object, tool, weapon, etc. that was created in the past and holds historical or cultural significance
historiannounsomeone who studies or records historical events
Talking about Religion14 words
prayernounthe action of praying to God or other higher powers
burialnounthe act of burying a dead body or the ceremony in which a dead body is buried
divineadjectiveoriginating from, relating to, or associated with God or a god
theologynounthe study of religions and faiths
prophetnounsomeone believed to speak by divine inspiration or interpret the will of God
Popenounthe person who leads the Roman Catholic Church
clergynounpeople who are officially chosen to lead religious services in a church or other religious institution
priestnouna man who is trained to perform religious ceremonies in the Christian Church
miraclenounan occurrence or event that is impossible to be the work of a human being rather a supernatural power
sinnounany act that goes against the law of God
penancenouna punishment imposed by a priest or oneself in order to express regret for the sins committed
destinynounthe events or situations that are predetermined or inevitable for a person, often believed to be controlled by a higher power
afterlifenouna life that is believed to exist after death
mosquenouna place of worship, used by Muslims
Talking about Culture and Custom6 words
greetingnounan expression of polite and friendly gestures or words when meeting someone
clothingnounthe items that we wear, particularly a specific type of items
customnouna way of behaving or of doing something that is widely accepted in a society or among a specific group of people
traditionnounan established way of thinking or doing something among a specific group of people
ceremonynouna formal public or religious occasion where a set of traditional actions are performed
funeralnouna religious ceremony in which people bury or cremate a dead person
Talking about Language and Grammar14 words
grammarnounthe study or use of words and the way they are put together or changed to make sentences
verbnoun(grammar) a word or phrase used to describe an action, state, or experience
nounnouna word that is used to name a person, thing, event, state, etc.
adjectivenouna type of word that describes a noun
adverbnouna word that gives more information about a verb, adjective, or another adverb
pronounnoun(grammar) a word that can replace a noun or noun phrase, such as she, it, they, etc.
prepositionnoun(grammar) a word that comes before a noun or pronoun to indicate location, direction, time, manner, or the relationship between two objects
part of speechphrase(grammar) any of the grammatical classes that words are categorized into, based on their usage in a sentence
proverbnouna well-known statement or phrase that expresses a general truth or gives advice
punctuationnounthe use of marks such as a period, comma, etc. in writing to divide sentences and phrases to better convey meaning
dictionarynouna book or electronic resource that gives a list of words in alphabetical order and explains their meanings, or gives the equivalent words in a different language
spellingnounthe act or the ability of putting letters in the correct order to form a word
antonymnouna word or phrase that has an opposite or contrasting meaning to another word or phrase
synonymnouna word or phrase that has the same or nearly the same meaning as another word or phrase in the same language
Talking about Arts5 words
dancenouna series of rhythmical movements performed to a particular type of music
balletnouna form of performing art that narrates a story using complex dance movements set to music but no words
exhibitionnouna public event at which paintings, photographs, or other things are shown
genrenouna style of art, music, literature, film, etc. that has its own special features
craftnouna practice requiring experience and skill, in which objects are made with one's hands
Talking about Music10 words
symphonynouna long and sophisticated musical composition written for a large orchestra, in three or four movements
composernouna person who writes music as their profession
concertnouna public performance by musicians or singers
melodynounthe arrangement or succession of single musical notes in a tune or piece of music
playlistnouna set of recorded songs and pieces of music that have been selected to be broadcast on a radio station or a radio program
demonouna short recording that serves as a sample of the work of a musical band or performer
feedbacknouninformation, criticism, or advice about a person's performance, a new product, etc. intended for improvement
copyrightnouna legal permission to control the production of a book, movie, music, etc.
remixnouna new version of an existing record made by rearranging or adding new pieces to it, using a special device
sheet musicnounthe written form of music that uses symbols to show how a song or piece should be played
Talking about Film and Theatre5 words
documentarynouna movie or TV program based on true stories giving facts about a particular person or event
monologuenounan extended speech delivered by an actor within a play or film
subtitlenountranscribed or translated words of the narrative or dialogues of a movie or TV show, appearing at the bottom of the screen to help deaf people or those who do not understand the language
soundtracknounthe recorded sounds, speeches, or music of a movie, play, or musical
teasernouna short preview of a movie that aims to grab the attention of the audience
Talking about Literature13 words
novelistnouna writer who explores characters, events, and themes in depth through long narrative stories, particularly novels
poemnouna written piece with particularly arranged words in a way that, usually rhyme, conveys a lot of emotion and style
prosenounspoken or written language in its usual form, in contrast to poetry
nonfictionnouna type of literature that gives information based on real events and facts
biographynounthe story of someone's life that is written by another person
autobiographynounthe story of the life of a person, written by the same person
short storynouna complete story that is not long and can be read in a short time
essayistnounsomeone who writes essays to be published
baddynounan evil character in fiction or a motion picture
goodynounsomeone who is morally good, especially a character in a movie, play or book
book reviewnouna critical assessment of a book's content, style, and overall quality, aimed at informing readers and providing constructive feedback
poetrynouna type of writing that uses special language, rhythm, and imagery to express emotions and ideas
poetnouna person who writes pieces of poetry
Talking about Architecture6 words
ceilingnounthe highest part of a room, vehicle, etc. that covers it from the inside
roofnounthe structure that creates the outer top part of a vehicle, building, etc.
staircasenouna set of stairs inside a building including its surrounding side parts that one can hold on to
hallwaynouna space inside a building entrance, which connects to the other rooms
landscapingnounthe process of modifying the visible features of an area of land, such as adding plants, changing the terrain, or constructing structures, to improve its aesthetic appeal or make it more functional
fencenouna structure like a wall, made of wire, wood, etc. that is placed around an area or a piece of land
Talking about Marketing4 words
advertisementnounany movie, picture, note, etc. designed to promote products or services to the public
clientnouna person or organization that pays for the services of a company or recommendations of a professional
commercenounthe act of buying and selling goods and services, particularly between countries
consumernounsomeone who buys and uses services or goods
Talking about Finance3 words
costnounan amount we pay to buy, do, or make something
incomenounthe money that is regularly earned from a job or through an investment
profitnounthe sum of money that is gained after all expenses and taxes are paid
Talking about Management5 words
employeenounsomeone who is paid by another to work for them
employernouna person or organization that hires and pays individuals for a variety of jobs
cooperationnounthe act of working together toward a common goal
organizationnouna group of people who work together for a particular reason, such as a business, department, etc.
corporationnouna company or group of people that are considered as a single unit by law
Talking about Medicine9 words
pillnouna small round medication we take whole when we are sick
vaccinenouna substance, often administered through needle injections, that stimulates the body's immune response against harmful diseases
injectionnounthe action of putting a drug into a person's body using a syringe
blood pressurenounthe pressure at which one's blood circulates one's body
remedynouna treatment or medicine for a disease or to reduce pain that is not severe
clinicnouna part of a hospital or a healthcare facility that provides care for patients who do not require an overnight stay
pharmacynouna shop where medicines are sold
painkillernouna type of medicine that is used to reduce or relieve pain
dropsnouna liquid medication that is administered in small quantities, typically using a dropper or similar device
Talking about Sickness and Symptoms13 words
fevernouna condition when the body temperature rises, usually when we are sick
headachenouna pain in the head, usually persistent
dizzinessnouna feeling of weakness and imbalance
cancernouna serious disease caused by the uncontrolled growth of cells in a part of the body that may spread to other parts
achenouna continuous pain in a part of the body, often not severe
crampnouna sudden painful contraction in a muscle due to fatigue
woundnounan injury inflicted on the body especially one that seriously damages the skin or the flesh
swellingnounan area of one's body that has become unusually larger, caused by an injury or sickness
itchnounan irritating feeling on the skin that would be eased by scratching that area
influenzanounan infectious disease caused by a type of virus that attacks the nose, lungs, and throat
injurynounany physical damage to a part of the body caused by an accident or attack
bruisenounan injury on the skin that appears as a dark mark, caused by a blow involving the rupture of vessels underneath
epidemicnounthe rapid spread of an infectious disease within a specific population, community, or region, affecting a significant number of individuals at the same time
Talking about Law12 words
lawyernouna person who practices or studies law, advises people about the law or represents them in court
testimonynouna formal statement saying something is true, particularly made by a witness in court
oathnouna serious promise or statement made by someone to tell the truth, often with the belief that breaking the promise will have serious consequences
dutynounan obligatory task that must be done as one's job
jurynouna group of twelve citizens, who listen to the details of a case in the court of law in order to decide the guiltiness or innocence of a defendant
jurisdictionnounthe power or authority of a court of law or an organization to make legal decisions and judgements
petitionnouna written request, signed by a group of people, that asks an organization or government to take a specific action
sentenceverbto officially state the punishment of someone found guilty in a court of law
interrogateverbto question someone in an aggressive way for a long time in order to get information
convictverbto announce officially that someone is guilty of a crime in a court of law
abolishverbto officially put an end to a law, activity, or system
legalizeverbto permit something by law, granting people the right or freedom to do it
Talking about Crime19 words
crimenounan unlawful act that is punishable by the legal system
theftnounthe illegal act of taking something from a place or person without permission
harassmentnounthe act of subjecting someone to repeated and unwanted attacks, criticism, or other forms of harmful behavior
kidnapverbto take someone away and hold them in captivity, typically to demand something for their release
vandalismnounthe illegal act of purposefully damaging a property belonging to another person or organization
briberynounthe act of offering money to an authority to gain advantage
robberynounthe crime of stealing money or goods from someone or somewhere, especially by violence or threat
victimnouna person who has been harmed, injured, or killed due to a crime, accident, etc.
accomplicenounsomeone who helps another to commit a crime or do a wrongdoing
blackmailnounthe crime of demanding money or benefits from someone by threatening to reveal secret or sensitive information about them
terrorismnounthe act of using violence such as killing people, bombing, etc. to gain political power
stealverbto take something from someone or somewhere without permission or paying for it
murderverbto unlawfully and intentionally kill another human being
persecuteverbto treat someone unfairly or cruelly, often because of their race, gender, religion, or beliefs
defraudverbto illegally obtain money or property from someone by tricking them
bribeverbto persuade someone to do something, often illegal, by giving them an amount of money or something of value
harassverbto subject someone to aggressive pressure or intimidation, often causing distress or discomfort
rapeverbto force someone to have sex against their will, particularly by using violence or threatening them
vandalizeverbto intentionally damage something, particularly public property
Talking about Punishment6 words
punishmentnounthe act of making someone suffer because they have done something illegal or wrong
jailnouna place where criminals are put into by law as a form of punishment for their crimes
prisonnouna building where people who did something illegal, such as stealing, murder, etc., are kept as a punishment
imprisonverbto put someone in prison or keep them somewhere and not let them go
punishverbto cause someone suffering for breaking the law or having done something they should not have
fineverbto make someone pay a sum of money as punishment for violation of the law
Talking about Politics6 words
policynouna set of ideas or a plan of action that has been chosen officially by a group of people, an organization, a political party, etc.
diplomacynounthe job, skill, or act of managing the relationships between different countries
nomineenounsomeone who has been officially suggested for a position, award, etc.
electionnounthe process in which people choose a person or group of people for a position, particularly a political one, through voting
activismnounthe action of striving to bring about social or political reform, especially as a member of an organization with specific objectives
amnestyverbto officially pardon the crime of a group of people
Talking about War14 words
combatnouna fight between different military forces during a war
commandernounan officer in charge of a military operation or a group of soldiers
cavalrynouna group of soldiers in an army who fight by armored vehicles
tacticsnounthe art or science of employing military forces and strategies in order to achieve victory over an enemy
armynouna country's military force trained to fight on land
spynounsomeone who is employed by a government to obtain secret information on another person, country, company, etc.
war zonenouna region in which a war is taking place
weaponnounan object that can physically harm someone or something, such as a gun, bomb, knife, etc.
colonizationnounthe act of taking control of another country and sending people to settle there
conquestnounthe act of taking possession of an area by using military force
reinforcementnounthe additional troops or supplies sent to support an army
uprisingnouna situation in which people join together to fight against those in power
colonelnouna high-ranking officer in the army, marine corps, or air force, whose rank is between a lieutenant colonel and brigadier general
invasionnounthe act of invading or entering a territory, country, or region by force or without permission, often with the intent to control or dominate the area and its inhabitants
Talking about Measurement17 words
dimensionnouna measure of the height, length, or width of an object in a certain direction
statisticnouna number or piece of data representing measurements or facts
distancenounthe length of the space that is between two places or points
measurementnounthe action of finding the size, number, or degree of something
widthnounthe distance of something from side to side
amountnounthe total number or quantity of something
quantitynounthe amount of something or the whole number of things in a group
gramnouna unit of measuring weight equal to one thousandth of a kilogram
inchnouna unit of length equal to one-twelfth of a foot or 2.54 centimeters
kilogramnouna unit of measuring weight equal to 2.20 pounds or 1000 grams
liternouna unit for measuring an amount of liquid or gas that equals 2.11 pints
milenouna unit of measuring length equal to 1.6 kilometers or 1760 yards
milligramnouna unit of measuring weight that equals one thousandth of a gram
bytenouna unit for measuring the size of computer data that equals 8 bits
millimeternouna unit of measuring length equal to one thousandth of a meter
kilometernouna unit for measuring length that is equal to 1000 meters or approximately 0.62 miles
centimeternouna unit of measuring length equal to one hundredth of a meter
Talking about Positive Emotions14 words
happinessnounthe feeling of being happy and well
hopefulnessnouna state of mind marked by wanting good things to happen
excitementnouna strong feeling of enthusiasm and happiness
enthusiasmnouna feeling of great excitement and passion
gratitudenounthe quality of being thankful or showing appreciation for something
enjoymentnounthe feeling of pleasure that someone experiences from an activity, a thing or a situation
admirationnouna feeling of much respect for and approval of someone or something
comfortnouna state of being free from pain, worry, or other unpleasant feelings
cheerfulnessnouna happy and positive state of mind or attitude
optimismnouna general tendency to look on the bright side of things and to expect positive outcomes
thrillnouna sudden feeling of pleasure and excitement
laughternounthe action of laughing or the sound it makes
cheernouna feeling of joy, happiness, and optimism
hopenouna feeling of expectation and desire for a particular thing to happen or to be true
Talking about Negative Emotions16 words
sadnessnounthe feeling of being sad and not happy
griefnouna great sadness that is felt because of someone's death
annoyancenouna feeling of irritation or discomfort caused by something that is bothersome, unpleasant, or disruptive
regretnouna feeling of sadness, disappointment, or remorse about something that has happened or been done
insecuritynounanxiety caused by feelings of self-doubt and lack of confidence
disappointmentnoundissatisfaction that is resulted from the unfulfillment of one's expectations
angernouna strong feeling that we have when something bad has happened, so we might be unkind to someone or harm them
hopelessnessnouna state of mind in which one feels that there is no possibility for positive change or improvement
worrynounthe state of feeling anxiety
fearnouna bad feeling that we get when we are afraid or worried
heartachenouna feeling of great sorrow or sadness usually caused by the loss of a loved one
envynouna feeling of dissatisfaction, unhappiness, or anger that one might have as a result of wanting what others have
hatrednouna very strong feeling of dislike
disgustnouna strong feeling of distaste for someone or something
sorrownouna feeling of extreme sadness caused by something unpleasant
dreadnounan intensely unpleasant emotion in response to danger or threat
Talking about Animals7 words
mammalnouna class of animals to which humans, cows, lions, etc. belong, have warm blood, fur or hair and typically produce milk to feed their young
insectnouna small creature such as a bee or ant that has six legs, and generally one or two pairs of wings
speciesnouna group that animals, plants, etc. of the same type which are capable of producing healthy offspring with each other are divided into
nestnouna structure that a bird makes for laying eggs or keeping the hatchlings in
feathernounany of the light and soft parts covering the body of a bird
clawnouna sharp and curved nail on the toe of an animal or a bird
zoonouna place where many kinds of animals are kept for exhibition, breeding, and protection
Talking about Weather6 words
rainnounwater that falls in small drops from the sky
humiditynounthe amount of moisture present in the air
thundernounthe loud crackling noise that is heard from the sky during a storm
rainbownounthe bent lines of different colors that appear in the sky after the rain
warmthnounthe quality or state of moderate heat
climatenounthe typical weather conditions of a particular region
Talking about Food and Drinks9 words
leftoversnounthe amount of food that remains uneaten after a meal and is typically saved for later consumption
appetitenounthe feeling of wanting food
seafoodnounany sea creature that is eaten as food such as fish, shrimp, seaweed, and shellfish
herbnouna plant with seeds, leaves, or flowers used for cooking or medicine, such as mint and parsley
bakerynouna place where bread and cakes are made and often sold
dessertnounsweet food eaten after the main dish
caffeinenouna substance present in coffee or tea that makes one's brain more active
flournouna fine powder made by crushing wheat or other grains, used for making bread, cakes, pasta, etc.
unripeadjectivenot ready to be harvested or consumed yet
Talking about Travel and Tourism16 words
visanounan official mark on someone's passport that allows them to enter or stay in a country
arrivalnounthe act of arriving at a place from somewhere else
passengernounsomeone traveling in a vehicle, aircraft, ship, etc. who is not the pilot, driver, or a crew member
tour guidenounsomeone whose job is taking tourists to interesting locations
hotelnouna building where we give money to stay and eat food in when we are traveling
luggagenounsuitcases, bags, etc. to keep one's clothes and other belongings while traveling
suitcasenouna case with a handle, used for carrying clothes, etc. when we are traveling
airportnouna large place where planes take off and land, with buildings and facilities for passengers to wait for their flights
motelnouna hotel near the road suitable for people who are on a road trip, usually with rooms arranged in a row and parking places outside
airlinenouna company or business that provides air transportation services for people and goods
guide booknouna book that provides tourists with information about their destination
boarding passnouna ticket or card that passengers must show to be allowed on a ship or plane
travel agencynouna business that makes arrangements for people who want to travel
sightseeverbto visit interesting and well-known places
check inverbto confirm your presence or reservation in a hotel or airport after arriving
tentnouna shelter that usually consists of a long sheet of cloth, nylon, etc. supported by poles and ropes fixed to the ground, that we especially use for camping
Talking about Pollution8 words
noise pollutionnounany unwanted or excessive sound that may cause harm or disturbance to human or animal life
light pollutionnounthe unwanted and excessive artificial light that brightens the night sky, causing problems for stargazing, wildlife, and sleep
air pollutionnountoxic and harmful substances in the air that can cause illnesses
water pollutionnounthe poisoning of bodies of water caused by harmful materials
industrial wastenounthe stuff left over from factories and businesses that can harm the environment if not handled properly
ozonenouna type of gas present in the sky that protects the life on earth from the harmful rays of the sun
garbagenounthings such as household materials that have no use anymore
e-wastenounelectronic devices that are no longer functional, useful, or wanted
Talking about Migration4 words
immigrantnounsomeone who comes to live in a foreign country
immigrationnounthe fact or process of coming to another country to permanently live there
emigrateverbto leave one's own country in order to live in a foreign country
immigrateverbto come to a foreign country and live there permanently
Talking about Disasters7 words
earthquakenounthe sudden movement and shaking of the earth's surface, usually causing damage
hurricanenouna very strong and destructive wind that moves in circles, often seen in the Caribbean
emergencynounan unexpected and usually dangerous situation needing immediate attention or action
floodnounthe rising of a body of water that covers dry places and causes damage
epidemicnounthe rapid spread of an infectious disease within a specific population, community, or region, affecting a significant number of individuals at the same time
faminenouna situation where there is not enough food that causes hunger and death
nuclear accidentnouna situation where radioactive materials are released from a nuclear facility, posing environmental and health dangers
Talking about Materials3 words
leathernounstrong material made from animal skin and used for making clothes, bags, shoes, etc.
metalnouna usually solid and hard substance that heat and electricity can move through, such as gold, iron, etc.
nylonnouna tough synthetic fiber that is light and elastic, used in textile industry
Adverbs of Manner4 words
angrilyadverbin a way that shows great annoyance or displeasure
easilyadverbin a way that something is done without much trouble or exertion
gentlyadverbin a kind, tender, or considerate manner
simplyadverbin a straightforward manner
Adverbs of Comment7 words
shockinglyadverbto a surprising or exaggerated degree
honestlyadverbin a way that emphasizes sincerity of belief or opinion
surprisinglyadverbagainst what might be expected
naturallyadverbin accordance with what is logical, typical, or expected
hopefullyadverbused for expressing that one hopes something will happen
basicallyadverbused to state one's opinion while emphasizing or summarizing its most important aspects
effectivelyadverbin truth and practice even though not clearly stated
Adverbs of Certainty7 words
(most|very) likelyadverbused to suggest that there is a strong chance of something happening
surelyadverbin a manner showing absolute confidence in the statement
maybeadverbused to show uncertainty or hesitation
unlikelyadjectivehaving a low chance of happening or being true
certainlyadverbin an assured manner, leaving no room for doubt
possiblyadverbused to express that something might happen or be true
perhapsadverbused to express possibility or likelihood of something
Adverbs of Frequency19 words
infrequentlyadverbon very rare occasions
habituallyadverbin a way that reflects someone's regular behavior or usual pattern over time
(every|) once in a whilephrasein a way that occurs occasionally or infrequently
now and againphraseon occasions that are not regular or frequent
(every|) now and thenphraseon irregular but not rare occasions
alwaysadverbat all times, without any exceptions
seldomadverbused to refer to something that happens rarely or infrequently
regularlyadverbat predictable, equal time periods
constantlyadverbin a way that continues without any pause
continuouslyadverbwithout any pause or interruption
continuallyadverbin a way that happens repeatedly, often annoyingly
onceadverbfor one single time
dailyadverbin a way that happens every day or once a day
weeklyadverbafter every seven days
yearlyadverbafter every twelve months
monthlyadverbin a way than happens once every month
hourlyadverbafter every 60 minutes
nonstopadverbwithout pausing or taking a break
mostlyadverbcommonly or typically
Adverbs of Time13 words
brieflyadverbfor a short duration
shortlyadverbin a very short time
todayadverbat the present time
yesterdayadverbat a time within the 24-hour period immediately preceding the current day
foreveradverbused to describe a period of time that has no end
immediatelyadverbin a way that is instant and involves no delay
nowadverbat this moment or time
thenadverbafter the thing mentioned
lateradverbat a time following the current or mentioned moment, without specifying exactly when
finallyadverbafter a long time, usually when there has been some difficulty
yetadverbup until the current or given time
stilladverbup to now or the time stated
nextadverbat the time or point immediately following the present
Adverbs of Place19 words
southwardadverbto the direction of south
westwardadverbto the direction of west
eastwardadverbto the direction of east
hereadverbat a specific, immediate location
thereadverbat a place that is not where the speaker is
everywhereadverbto or in all places
somewhereadverbin, at, or to some unspecified place
anywhereadverbto, in, or at any place
aboveadverbin, at, or to a higher position
belowadverbin a position or location situated beneath or lower than something else
overadverbacross from one side to the other
underprepositionin or to a position lower than and directly beneath something
behindadverbat the rear, far side, or back side of something
outsideadverbin an open area surrounding a building
insideadverbin or into a room, building, etc.
faradverbto or at a great distance
aroundadverbtoward random or various directions
abroadadverbin or traveling to a different country
acrossadverbfrom one side to the other side of something
Adverbs of Degree19 words
awfullyadverbto a very great or extreme extent or degree
quiteadverbto the highest degree
tooadverbmore than is acceptable, suitable, or necessary
enoughadverbto a degree or extent that is sufficient or necessary
nearlyadverbto a degree that is close to being complete
absolutelyadverbin a total or complete way
seriouslyadverbin a manner that suggests harm, damage, or threat is substantial
trulyadverbused to emphasize a statement or idea
hardlyadverbto a very small degree or extent
ratheradverbto a somewhat notable, considerable, or surprising degree
littleadverbto a small extent or degree
prettyadverbto a degree that is high but not very high
veryadverbto a great extent or degree
altogetheradverbused to give a general judgment, often after weighing details
muchadverbto a large extent or degree
soadverbvery much or to a great amount
fullyadverbto the highest extent or capacity
perfectlyadverbused to emphasize something
terriblyadverbused to add emphasis to a statement, apology, or description
Adverbs of Purpose and Intention5 words
freelyadverbwithout being controlled or limited by others
thoughtlesslyadverbin an uncaring and inconsiderate manner
willinglyadverbin a manner that shows one is inclined or happy to do something
intentionallyadverbin a way that is done on purpose
purposefullyadverbin a manner that serves a specific aim or useful function
Conjunctive Adverbs5 words
additionallyadverbused to introduce extra information or points
for examplephraseused to provide a specific situation or instance that helps to clarify or explain a point being made
thereforeadverbused to suggest a logical conclusion based on the information or reasoning provided
insteadadverbas a replacement or equal in value, amount, etc.
similarlyadverbin a way that is almost the same
Size and Scale13 words
largeadjectiveabove average in amount or size
hugeadjectivevery large in size
enormousadjectiveextremely large in physical dimensions
giantadjectiveextremely large in size
grandadjectivemagnificent in size and appearance
massiveadjectiveextremely large or heavy
littleadjectivebelow average in size
minoradjectivesmaller or less significant in degree or amount
babyadjectivereferring to something that is very small, like a baby animal or a small version of something
smalladjectivebelow average in physical size
mediumadjectivehaving a size that is not too big or too small, but rather in the middle
bigadjectiveabove average in size or extent
enlargeverbto increase the size or quantity of something
Dimensions17 words
talladjectivehaving greater than average height
extendedadjectivemade wider or broader in length and width
highadjectivehaving a relatively great vertical extent
wideadjectivehaving a large length from side to side
broadadjectivehaving a large distance between one side and another
extensiveadjectivecovering a large area
vastadjectiveextremely great in extent, size, or area
spreadadjectiveexpanded in dimension
longadjective(of two points) having an above-average distance between them
shortadjectivehaving a below-average distance between two points
knee-highadjectivetall enough to reach just below the knees
stretchverbto make something longer, looser, or wider, especially by pulling it
growverbto become greater in size, amount, number, or quality
expandverbto spread out or stretch in various directions
expandverbto become something greater in quantity, importance, or size
broadenverbto become larger in scope or range
extendverbto enlarge or lengthen something
Weight and Steadiness9 words
weightyadjectivevery heavy
steadyadjectivefirmly fixed or securely positioned
stableadjectivefirm and able to stay in the same position or state
firmadjectiverelatively hard and resistant to being changed into a different shape by force
solidadjectivefirm and stable in form, not like a gas or liquid
lightweightadjectivehaving little weight or mass, making it easy to carry or move
lightadjectivehaving very little weight and easy to move or pick up
weakadjectivelacking strength or the ability to withstand pressure and force
heavyadjectivehaving a lot of weight and not easy to move or pick up
Increase in Amount13 words
fulladjectivehaving the usual or complete amount of something
highadjectivehaving a value or level greater than usual or expected, often in terms of numbers or measurements
riseverbto grow in number, amount, size, or value
gainverb(of currencies, prices, etc.) to increase in value
raiseverbto make the intensity, level, or amount of something increase
build upverbto become more powerful, intense, or larger in quantity
boostverbto increase or enhance the amount, level, or intensity of something
advanceverb(of costs, shares, etc.) to increase in value, price, or amount
enlargeverbto increase the size or quantity of something
growthnounan increase in the amount, degree, importance, or size of something
extensionnounan amount that is added to something
additionnounan extra quantity or number that is combined with the original amount
progressnoungradual movement toward a goal or a desired state
Decrease in Amount9 words
minimaladjectivevery small in amount or degree, often the smallest possible
declineverbto reduce in amount, size, intensity, etc.
reduceverbto make something smaller in amount, degree, price, etc.
dropverbto lessen the amount, number, degree, or intensity of something
lowerverbto reduce something in degree, amount, quality, or strength
worsenverbto become less desirable, easy, or tolerable
shrinkverb(of clothes or fabric) to become smaller when washed with hot water
trimverbto reduce the amount of something
fallnouna reduction in size, amount, number, etc.
High Intensity8 words
intenseadjectivevery extreme or great
severeadjectivevery harsh or intense
absoluteadjectivecomplete and total, with no imperfections or exceptions
completeadjectivepossessing all the required aspects
totaladjectiveindicating something that is at its greatest degree possible
intensifyverbto become more in degree or strength
heightenverbto increase the quantity, intensity, or degree of something
amplifyverbto make a sound, especially a musical sound, louder
Low Intensity8 words
moderateadjectivenot excessive in amount, degree, or quantity
mildadjectivehaving a gentle or not very strong effect
lightadjective(of sound) having little volume or intensity
gentleadjectivemild or soft in manner, action, or effect
slightadjectivenot a lot in amount or extent
mellowadjective(of a color, sound, or flavor) soft or gentle, often creating a sense of warmth and calmness
lightenverbto reduce pressure or intensity
relieveverbto decrease the amount of pain, stress, etc.
Space and Area4 words
tightadjectivepressed together or densely packed
compactadjectivesmall and efficiently arranged or designed
openadjectivenot enclosed or restricted
narrowadjectivehaving a limited distance between opposite sides
Shapes6 words
flatadjective(of a surface) continuing in a straight line with no raised or low parts
roundadjectivehaving a circular shape, often spherical in appearance
squareadjectivehaving four even sides and four right angles, forming a shape resembling a regular square
circularadjectivehaving a shape like a circle
ovaladjectiverounded in shape but wider in one direction, such as the shape of an egg
straightadjectivecontinuing in a direct line without deviation or curvature
Speed6 words
slowadverbat a speed that is not fast
fastadjectivehaving a high speed when doing something, especially moving
quickadverbin a manner that is fast and takes little time
rapidadjectiveoccurring or moving with great speed
leisurelyadjectivecarried out in a relaxed and unhurried manner
slow downverbto move with a lower speed or rate of movement
Significance13 words
significantadjectiveimportant or great enough to be noticed or have an impact
vitaladjectiveabsolutely necessary and of great importance
mainadjectivehaving the highest level of significance or central importance
seriousadjectiveneeding attention and action because of possible danger or risk
primaryadjectivehaving the most importance or influence
centraladjectivevery important and necessary
necessaryadjectiveneeded to be done for a particular reason or purpose
prominentadjectivewell-known or easily recognizable due to importance, influence, or distinct features
highlightnounthe most outstanding, enjoyable or exciting part of something
underlineverbto emphasize the importance of something by making it seem more noticeable
stressverbto emphasize a particular point or aspect
minoradjectivehaving little importance, effect, or seriousness
secondaryadjectivehaving less importance or value when compared to something else
Influence and Strength6 words
strongadjective(of an opinion or belief) held in a way that is firm and determined
dominantadjectivehaving superiority in power, influence, or importance
weakadjectiveeasily influenced by others and lacking the ability or will to uphold one's decisions, beliefs, etc.
powerfuladjectiveexercising authority, influence, or control in a way that significantly affects outcomes or decisions
feebleadjectivelacking in effectiveness
ineffectiveadjectivenot achieving the desired outcome or intended result
Uniqueness12 words
singularadjectivereferring to a single item or entity
onlyadjectivewithout another thing or person existing in the same category
originaladjectiveexisting at the start of a specific period or process
specialadjectivedifferent or better than what is normal
exceptionaladjectivesignificantly better or greater than what is typical or expected
irregularadjectivenot conforming to established rules, patterns, or norms
regularadjectivehappening or done frequently
standardadjectivecommonly recognized, done, used, etc.
normaladjectiveconforming to a standard or expected condition
averageadjectivehaving no distinctive charactristics
familiaradjectiveeasily recognized due to prior contact or involvement, often evoking a sense of comfort or ease
generaladjectiveinvolving or affecting all or most people or things
Complexity9 words
complexadjectivenot easy to understand or analyze
difficultadjectiveneeding a lot of work or skill to do, understand, or deal with
easyadjectiveneeding little skill or effort to do or understand
straightforwardadjectiveeasy to comprehend or perform without any difficulties
basicadjectivehaving the simplest form without extra complexity
elementaryadjectivenot difficult to understand
clearadjectiveeasy to understand
understandableadjectiveable to be grasped mentally without difficulty
transparentadjectiveclear enough to be easily understood
Value1 words
productiveadjectiveproducing desired results through effective and efficient use of time, resources, and effort
Quality11 words
outstandingadjectivesuperior to others in terms of excellence
incredibleadjectiveextremely great or large
perfectadjectivecompletely without mistakes or flaws, reaching the best possible standard
impressiveadjectivecausing admiration because of size, skill, importance, etc.
pooradjectiveof a low quality or standard
hopelessadjectivehaving no possibility or expectation of improvement or success
terribleadjectiveextremely bad or unpleasant
dreadfuladjectivevery bad, often causing one to feel angry or annoyed
horribleadjectiveextremely unpleasant or bad
neutraladjectiveplain, ordinary, or without any special or noticeable features
bestadjectivesuperior to everything else that is in the same category
Challenges16 words
challengingadjectivedifficult to accomplish, requiring skill or effort
toughadjectivedifficult to achieve or deal with
faceverbto deal with a given situation, especially an unpleasant one
confrontverbto face or deal with a problem or difficult situation directly
meetverbto be subjected to or challenged by a certain fate, circumstance, attitude, etc.
addressverbto think about a problem or an issue and start to deal with it
handleverbto deal with a situation or problem successfully
struggleverbto put a great deal of effort to overcome difficulties or achieve a goal
tolerateverbto allow something one dislikes, especially certain behavior or conditions, without interference or complaint
adaptverbto adjust oneself to fit into a new environment or situation
standverbto be willing to accept or tolerate a difficult situation
bearverbto allow the presence of an unpleasant person, thing, or situation without complaining or giving up
encounterverbto be faced with an unexpected difficulty during a process
obtainverbto get something, often with difficulty
conquerverbto overcome a challenge or obstacle
tackleverbto try to deal with a difficult problem or situation in a determined manner
Wealth and Success11 words
successfuladjectivegetting the results you hoped for or wanted
winningadjectivedescribing a team, person, or thing that wins or has won a game or race
richadjectiveowning a great amount of money or things that cost a lot
conquerverbto dominate a place by becoming very popular or successful
accomplishverbto complete a task or project successfully
fulfillverbto accomplish or do something that was wished for, expected, or promised
defeatverbto win against someone in a war, game, contest, etc.
reachverbto devote time and effort to achieve a particular goal
promoteverbto move to a higher position or rank
progressverbto develop into a more advanced or improved stage
luckyadjectivehaving or bringing good luck
Poverty and Failure9 words
pooradjectiveowning a very small amount of money or a very small number of things
defeatedadjectivehaving been beaten in a competition, battle, or struggle
needyadjectivelacking enough money or resources to meet basic living requirements
brokenadjectivehaving no money
failverbto be unsuccessful in accomplishing something
loseverbto not win in a race, fight, game, etc.
break downverb(of a relationship, negotiation, etc.) to fail to function properly
give upverbto stop trying when faced with failures or difficulties
collapseverbto experience a sudden and complete failure
Appearance4 words
beautifuladjectiveextremely pleasing to the mind or senses
lovelyadjectivevery beautiful or attractive
prettyadjectivevisually pleasing in a charming way
unattractiveadjectivenot pleasing to the eye
Age6 words
youngadjectivestill in the earlier stages of life
oldadjectiveliving in the later stages of life
adultadjectivefully developed and mature
junioradjectiveintended for or related to young people, particularly in sports
matureadjectivefully-grown and physically developed
senioradjectiverelated to individuals who are considered elderly
Body Shape6 words
heavyadjectivehaving a large and solid body or structure
fatadjective(of people or animals) weighing much more than what is thought to be healthy for their body
thinadjective(of people or animals) weighing less than what is thought to be healthy for their body
skinnyadjectivehaving a very low amount of body fat
muscularadjective(of a person) powerful with large well-developed muscles
powerfuladjectivephysically strong and muscular
Wellness12 words
athleticadjectivephysically active and strong, often with a fit body
illadjectivenot in a fine mental or physical state
unhealthyadjectivenot having a good physical or mental condition
weakadjectivestructurally fragile or lacking durability
weaklyadjectivephysically frail or lacking in strength or vitality
sickadjectivenot in a good and healthy physical or mental state
livelyadjective(of a person) very energetic and outgoing
fitadjectivehealthy and strong, especially due to regular physical exercise or balanced diet
welladjectivehaving good health, especially after recovering from an illness or injury
healthyadjective(of a person) not having physical or mental problems
disabledadjectivecompletely or partial inability to use a part of one's body or mind, caused by an illness, injury, etc.
healingadjectivehaving the power to make healthy again
Textures7 words
roughadjectivehaving an uneven or jagged texture
softadjectivegentle to the touch
hardadjectivevery difficult to cut, bend, or break
greasyadjective(of food) containing or cooked in a lot of oil
smoothadjectivehaving a surface that is even and free from roughness or irregularities
crispyadjective(of food) having a firm, dry texture that makes a sharp, crunching sound when broken or bitten
sharpadjectivehaving a point or edge that can pierce or cut something
Intelligence11 words
smartadjectiveable to think and learn in a good and quick way
wiseadjectivedeeply knowledgeable and experienced and capable of giving good advice or making good decisions
cleveradjectiveable to think quickly and find solutions to problems
intellectualadjectiverelating to or involving the use of reasoning and understanding capacity
sharpadjectiveable to understand and notice things quickly
brightadjectivecapable of thinking and learning in a good and quick way
dumbadjectivelacking intelligence or the ability to think clearly
ignorantadjectivelacking sophistication, worldly experience, or social refinement
foolishadjectivedisplaying poor judgment or a lack of caution
slowadjectivenot fast at learning or understanding things
sillyadjectiveshowing a lack of seriousness, often in a playful way
Positive Human Traits8 words
thoughtfuladjectivethinking deeply about oneself and one's experiences, often resulting in new understandings or realizations
ambitiousadjectivetrying or wishing to gain great success, power, or wealth
independentadjectiveable to do things as one wants without needing help from others
modestadjectivenot boasting about one's abilities, achievements, or belongings
understandingadjectivenot judging someone and forgiving toward them when they do something wrong or make a mistake
helpfuladjective(of a person) having a willingness or readiness to help someone
reasonableadjective(of a person) showing good judgment and acting by reason
decisiveadjective(of a person) able to make clear, firm decisions quickly, especially in challenging situations
Negative Human Traits4 words
jealousadjectivefeeling angry and unhappy because someone else has what we want
inflexibleadjectivereluctant to compromise or change one's attitude, belief, plan, etc.
hostileadjectiveunfriendly or aggressive toward others
emotionaladjective(of people) easily affected by or tend to express strong feelings and emotions
Moral Traits7 words
kindadjectivenice and caring toward other people's feelings
responsibleadjective(of a person) having an obligation to do something or to take care of someone or something as part of one's job or role
patientadjectiveable to remain calm, especially in challenging or difficult situations, without becoming annoyed or anxious
tolerantadjectiveshowing respect to what other people say or do even when one disagrees with them
manipulativeadjectiveinfluencing or controlling others in an unfair or deceptive way, often to achieve one's own goals
greedyadjectivehaving an excessive and intense desire for something, especially wealth, possessions, or power
intolerantadjectivenot open to accept beliefs, opinions, or lifestyles that are unlike one's own
Emotional Responses3 words
touchingadjectivebringing about strong emotions, often causing feelings of sympathy or warmth
joyfuladjectivecausing great happiness
gloomyadjectiveexperiencing or expressing sadness or a general sense of unhappiness
Emotional States8 words
moodyadjectiveexperiencing frequent changes in mood, often without apparent reason or explanation
upsetadjectivefeeling disturbed or distressed due to a negative event
stressedadjectivefeeling so anxious that makes one unable to relax
happyadjectiveemotionally feeling good or glad
excitedadjectivefeeling very happy, interested, and energetic
cheerfuladjectivefull of happiness and positivity
hopefuladjective(of a person) having a positive attitude and believing that good things are likely to happen
joyfuladjectivefilled with great happiness and high spirits
Social Behaviours12 words
outgoingadjectiveenjoying other people's company and social interactions
sociableadjectivepossessing a friendly personality and willing to spend time with people
friendlyadjective(of a person or their manner) kind and nice toward other people
flexibleadjectivecapable of adjusting easily to different situations, circumstances, or needs
shyadjectivenervous and uncomfortable around other people
quietadjective(of a person) not talking too much
talkativeadjectivetalking a great deal
unfriendlyadjectivenot kind or nice toward other people
antisocialadjectivenot wanting the company of others
indifferentadjectivenot showing any concern in one's attitude or actions toward a particular person, situation, or outcome
rudeadjective(of a person) having no respect for other people
aggressiveadjectivebehaving in an angry way and having a tendency to be violent
Tastes and Smells10 words
sweetadjectivecontaining sugar or having a taste that is like sugar
bitteradjectivehaving a strong taste that is unpleasant and not sweet
saltyadjectivecontaining salt or having a taste that is like salt
smokyadjectivehaving a taste like smoke
creamyadjectivehaving a smooth and soft texture
sweetadjectivehaving a pleasant and delightful scent
pleasantadjectivebringing enjoyment and happiness
strongadjectivedescribing food that has a powerful, bold, or pungent taste or smell
acidicadjective(of flavour) tangy and sour, often due to the presence of acid
sharpadjectivedescribing a flavor that is intense and tangy, often with a biting or pungent quality
Sounds5 words
loudadjectiveproducing a sound or noise with high volume
softadjectivehaving a low volume
quietadjectivewith little or no noise
silentadjectivehaving or making little or no sound
mutedadjective(of a sound) having a subdued quality, with reduced intensity or volume
Temperature8 words
hotadjectivehaving a higher than normal temperature
warmadjectivehaving a temperature that is high but not hot, especially in a way that is pleasant
bakingadjectivehaving an intense level of heat that is often uncomfortable
boilingadjectivehaving an intense, almost unbearable heat
red-hotadjectiveheated to the point of shining in a red color
coldadjectivehaving a temperature lower than the human body's average temperature
icyadjectiveso cold that is uncomfortable or harmful
frozenadjective(of food) kept at a very low temperature to preserve freshness
Probability7 words
certainadjectiveunavoidable or very likely to happen
unlikelyadjectivehaving a low chance of happening or being true
predictableadjectiveeasily anticipated or expected to happen based on past experiences or knowledge
doubtfuladjectiveimprobable or unlikely to happen or be the case
uncertainadjectivenot definitively known or decided
sureadjectiveexpected or certain to happen
unbelievableadjectivedifficult to be believed
Relational Actions13 words
marryverbto become someone's husband or wife
engageverbto formally agree to marry someone, typically by accepting a marriage proposal
commitverbto be dedicated to a person, cause, policy, etc.
supportverbto provide financial or material assistance
get togetherverbto meet up with someone in order to cooperate or socialize
break upverbto end a relationship, typically a romantic or sexual one
fightverbto argue over something
separateverbto end the relationship or live apart from a partner
split upverbto end a romantic relationship or marriage
cheatverbto be sexually unfaithful to one's partner by engaging in romantic or intimate activities with someone else
betrayverbto cheat on one's spouse or romantic partner
abandonverbto leave someone with no intention of returning
make upverbto become friends with someone once more after ending a quarrel with them
Body Language and Gestures10 words
embraceverbto hold someone tightly in one's arms, especially to show affection
shakeverbto take someone's hand and move it up and down, mainly for greeting
waveverbto raise one's hand and move it from side to side to greet someone or attract their attention
laughverbto make happy sounds and move our face like we are smiling because something is funny
lowerverbto drop one's eyebrows, chin, or gaze to express sadness, disapproval, or shame, or to show less intensity or hostility in a facial expression
inclineverbto bend one's head downward, particularly as an act of agreement, greeting, etc.
tapverbto hit someone or something gently, often with a few quick light blows
signalverbto give someone a message, instruction, etc. by making a sound or movement
welcomeverbto meet and greet someone who has just arrived
pointverbto show the place or direction of someone or something by holding out a finger or an object
Postures and Positions9 words
standverbto be upright on one's feet
sitverbto put our bottom on something like a chair or the ground while keeping our back straight
bendverbto move the upper part of the body downward
raiseverbto put something or someone in a higher place or lift them to a higher position
balanceverbto keep something in a stable and even position, typically by adjusting or redistributing weight
stretchverbto extend one's body parts or one's entire body to full length
poseverbto maintain a specific posture in order to be photographed or painted
reclineverbto bend the upper body backwards
liftverbto move a thing from a lower position or level to a higher one
Opinions12 words
opposeverbto strongly disagree with a policy, plan, idea, etc. and try to prevent or change it
attackverbto criticize someone for their actions or opinions
judgeverbto form a decision or opinion based on what one knows
condemnverbto strongly and publicly disapprove of something or someone
blameverbto say or feel that someone or something is responsible for a mistake or problem
dislikeverbto not like a person or thing
acceptverbto say yes to what is asked of you or offered to you
likeverbto feel that someone or something is good, enjoyable, or interesting
evaluateverbto calculate or judge the quality, value, significance, or effectiveness of something or someone
admitverbto agree with the truth of something, particularly in an unwilling manner
confirmverbto show or say that something is the case, particularly by providing proof
criticizeverbto point out the faults or weaknesses of someone or something
Thoughts and Decisions12 words
reasonverbto think rationally and make good judgement
concentrateverbto focus one's all attention on something specific
considerverbto think about something carefully before making a decision or forming an opinion
supposeverbto think or believe that something is possible or true, without being sure
ignoreverbto intentionally pay no or little attention to someone or something
selectverbto choose someone or something from a group of people or things
pickverbto choose someone or something out of a group of people or things
thinkverbto have a type of belief or idea about a person or thing
imagineverbto make or have an image of something in our mind
guessverbto estimate or form a conclusion about something without sufficient information to verify its accuracy
assumeverbto think that something is true without having proof or evidence
dismissverbto disregard something as unimportant or unworthy of consideration
Knowledge and Information23 words
explainverbto make something clear and easy to understand by giving more information about it
educateverbto teach someone, often within a school or university setting
translateverbto change words into another language
clarifyverbto make something clear and easy to understand by explaining it more
defineverbto say the meaning of an expression or word, particularly in a dictionary
informverbto give information about someone or something, especially in an official manner
guideverbto show the correct way or place to someone
showverbto teach or explain to someone how something is done in a practical way
enlightenverbto make something clear or understandable, often by providing new or relevant information
trainverbto teach a specific skill or a type of behavior to a person or an animal through a combination of instruction and practice over a period of time
revealverbto make information that was previously unknown or kept in secrecy publicly known
expressverbto show or make a thought, feeling, etc. known by looks, words, or actions
displayverbto publicly show something
exhibitverbto present or show something publicly to inform or entertain an audience
demonstrateverbto show clearly that something is true or exists by providing proof or evidence
showverbto make something visible or noticeable
illustrateverbto explain or show the meaning of something using examples, pictures, etc.
depictverbto describe a specific subject, scene, person, etc.
representverbto be an image, sign, symbol, etc. of something
point outverbto show something to someone by pointing one's finger toward it
indicateverbto show, point out, or suggest the existence, presence, or nature of something
symbolizeverbto represent a more important or hidden meaning
questionverbto have or express uncertainty about something
Encouragement and Discouragement6 words
guideverbto direct or influence someone's motivation or behavior
inspireverbto fill someone with the desire or motivation to do something, especially something creative or positive
manipulateverbto control or influence someone cleverly for personal gain or advantage
convinceverbto make someone do something using reasoning, arguments, etc.
encourageverbto persuade a person to do something by making them think it is good for them or by making it easier
discourageverbto prevent or persuade someone from taking a particular action or pursuing a specific course of action
Request and Suggestion14 words
askverbto request for something or tell someone to give or do something
demandverbto ask something from someone in an urgent and forceful manner
applyverbto formally request something, such as a place at a university, a job, etc.
begverbto humbly ask for something, especially when one needs or desires that thing a lot
adviseverbto provide someone with suggestion or guidance regarding a specific situation
suggestverbto mention an idea, proposition, plan, etc. for further consideration or possible action
recommendverbto suggest to someone that something is good, convenient, etc.
proposeverbto put forward a suggestion, plan, or idea for consideration
offerverbto present or propose something to someone
implyverbto suggest without explicitly stating
consultverbto seek information or advice from someone, especially before making a decision or doing something
ask forverbto politely request something from someone
seekverbto request for information
requireverbto need or demand something as necessary for a particular purpose or situation
Regret and Sadness7 words
regretverbto feel sad, sorry, or disappointed about something that has happened or something that you have done, often wishing it had been different
sufferverbto experience and be affected by something bad or unpleasant
sighverbto release a long deep audible breath, to express one's sadness, tiredness, etc.
repentverbto feel sincere regret or remorse for a past action or failure
cryverbto have tears coming from your eyes as a result of a strong emotion such as sadness, pain, or sorrow
missverbto feel sad because we no longer can see someone or do something
compensateverbto give something, particularly money, to make up for the difficulty, pain, damage, etc. that someone has suffered
Respect and Approval6 words
appreciateverbto be thankful for something
respectverbto admire someone because of their achievements, qualities, etc.
honorverbto show a lot of respect for someone or something
worshipverbto respect and honor God or a deity, especially by performing rituals
celebrateverbto do something special such as dancing or drinking that shows one is happy for an event
clapverbto applaud or express approval by striking the palms of the hands together
Attempt and Prevention5 words
tryverbto make an effort or attempt to do or have something
fightverbto make a strong and continuous effort to achieve something
escapeverbto get away from captivity
get awayverbto escape from someone or somewhere
blockverbto stop the flow or movement of something through somewhere
Physical Actions and Reactions11 words
defendverbto not let any harm come to someone or something
protectverbto prevent someone or something from being damaged or harmed
crushverbto forcibly push something against a surface until it breaks or is damaged or disfigured
breakverbto separate something into more pieces, often in a sudden way
attackverbto act violently against someone or something to try to harm them
slapverbto hit someone or something with an open hand, usually making a sharp sound
beatverbto strike someone repeatedly, usually causing physical harm or injury
ripverbto tear, cut, or open something forcefully and quickly
scratchverbto make small cuts or marks on a surface
hitverbto strike someone or something with force using one's hand or an object
biteverbto cut into flesh, food, etc. using the teeth
Movements19 words
runverbto move using our legs, faster than we usually walk, in a way that both feet are never on the ground at the same time
walkverbto move forward at a regular speed by placing our feet in front of each other one by one
marchverbto walk with a large group of people as a sign of protest
jumpverbto push yourself off the ground or away from something and up into the air by using your legs and feet
bounceverbto jump up and down over and over again, especially on a stretchy surface
raceverbto compete against someone to see who is the fastest
skipverbto jump quickly and slightly while walking
spinverbto turn around over and over very fast
dragverbto move in a slow and difficult manner
flyverbto make a sudden and quick movement
driveverbto control the movement and the speed of a car, bus, truck, etc. when it is moving
rideverbto sit on open-spaced vehicles like motorcycles or bicycles and be in control of their movements
pushverbto use your hands, arms, body, etc. in order to make something or someone move forward or away from you
shakeverbto cause someone or something to move up and down or from one side to the other with short rapid movements
rollverbto move in a direction by turning over and over or from one side to another repeatedly
turnverbto move in a circular direction around a fixed line or point
throwverbto make something move through the air by quickly moving your arm and hand
catchverbto stop and hold an object that is moving through the air
swayverbto slowly move back and forth or from side to side
Science6 words
experimentnouna test done to prove the truthfulness of a hypothesis
formulanounany established or prescribed method, rule, or procedure used to achieve a desired outcome or result
discoverynounthe act of finding something for the first time and before others
investigationnounthe act or process of gathering evidence or facts of a matter in a scientific and systematic way
fieldnounan area of activity or a subject of study
engineeringnouna field of study that deals with the building, designing, developing, etc. of structures, bridges, or machines
Education18 words
assignmentnouna task given to a student to do
marknouna letter or number given by a teacher to show how good a student's performance is; a point given for a correct answer in an exam or competition
subjectnouna branch or an area of knowledge that we study at a school, college, or university
coursenouna series of lessons or lectures on a particular subject
collegenounan institution that offers higher education or specialized trainings for different professions
institutionnouna large organization that serves a religious, educational, social, or similar function
degreenounthe certificate that is given to university or college students upon successful completion of their course
graduationnounthe action of successfully finishing studies at a high school or a university degree
attendverbto go to school, university, church, etc. periodically
passverbto get the necessary grades in an exam, test, course, etc.
reviewverbto study or practice taught lessons again, particularly to prepare for an examination
readverbto look at written or printed words or symbols and understand their meaning
noteverbto record something in writing
examineverbto test a person's knowledge or skills in a certain subject by asking them questions or asking them to do a specific task
assignverbto give specific tasks, duties, or responsibilities to individuals or groups
formulateverbto express or simplify something in the form of a formula or equation
registerverbto enter one's name in a list of an institute, school, etc.
presentadjective(of people) being somewhere particular
Research17 words
theorynouna set of ideas intended to explain the reason behind the existence or occurrence of something
datanouninformation or facts collected to be used for various purposes
abstractnouna brief summary that presents the key points of a book, speech, etc.
observationnounthe process or action of carefully watching a thing or person, often for learning something about them
evidencenounanything that proves the truth or possibility of something, such as facts, objects, or signs
samplenouna randomly selected part of a larger group, put to study in order to gain knowledge or to draw conclusions about the larger group
resultnounsomething that is caused by something else
findingnouna piece of information discovered as a result of a research
publicationnouna printed work, such as a book, magazine, etc. that is publicly distributed
journalnouna magazine or newspaper that gives information about a specific topic
referencenouna short note in a book giving information about the source of its subject
casenouna series of facts supporting a theory or an argument
materialnoundata and information that can be gathered to form a research
instrumentnouna device or tool that requires specific knowledge on how to be used
sourcenouna book or a document that supplies information in a research and is referred to
approachnouna way of doing something or dealing with a problem
factornounone of the things that affects something or contributes to it
Astronomoy5 words
starnoun(astronomy) a shining point found in large numbers in the night sky
shuttlenounA spacecraft designed to transport people or equipment between Earth and a space station or other celestial destination, typically capable of multiple trips
rocketnouna spacecraft that moves up by the force of the gases produced when the fuel burns
black holenouna place in the space with such high gravity that pulls in everything, even light
atmospherenounthe layer of gases surrounding a planet, held in place by gravity
Physics12 words
energynoun(physics) a source of power that is required to do any work that may exist in potential, kinetic, thermal and other forms
forcenoun(physics) an effect that causes a body to move or change direction
wavenoun(physics) an oscillating movement by which energy is transferred without the transport of matter, such as light and sound
tensionnoun(physics) the state of being under pressure as a result of getting stretched
pressurenoun(physics) the amount of force exerted per area that is measured in pascal, newton per square meter, etc.
densitynoun(physics) the degree to which a substance is compacted, measured by dividing its mass by its volume
fusionnoun(physics) a nuclear reaction by which the nuclei of atoms combine and form a heavier nucleus, producing nuclear energy
potentialnounthe energy difference that drives current, typically measured in volts
particlenoun(physics) any of the smallest units that energy or matter consists of, such as electrons, atoms, molecules, etc.
magnetismnouna phenomenon of attracting and repulsing forces that a moving electrical charge produces
currentnouna flow of electricity resulted from the movement of electrically charged particles in a direction
voltagenountotal potential energy provided by a power source
Biology4 words
cellnounan organism's smallest unit, capable of functioning on its own
proteinnouna complex biological molecule made up of amino acids that performs crucial functions in living organisms
virusnouna microscopic agent that causes disease in people, animals, and plants
nucleusnoun(biology) the part of a cell that contains most of the genetic information
Chemistry8 words
elementnouna substance that is composed of only one type of atom, typically characterized by specific physical and chemical properties
reactionnoun(chemistry) a process in which several chemicals combine and form different substances
mixturenoun(chemistry) a combination of two or more substances without forming a chemical bond or any chemical reaction
acidnouna water-soluble chemical substance that contains Hydrogen and has a sour taste or corrosive feature with a PH less than 7
basenoun(chemistry) a substance that can accept protons, donate electrons, or release hydroxide ions in aqueous solution
gasnounthe state of a substance that is neither solid nor liquid
liquidnouna substance such as water that flows freely, unlike a gas or a solid
solidnouna substance that is firm and has a certain shape, not like gas or liquid
Geology6 words
rocknouna solid material forming part of the earth's surface, often made of one or more minerals
mineralnouna solid, naturally occurring substance with a specific chemical composition, typically found in the earth's crust, such as gold, copper, etc.
corenounthe central part of Earth, or any other planet
layernoun(geology) a horizontal bed or distinct sedimentary rock formation
ashnouna grey powder that is produced as a result of a substance getting burned
earthnounthe solid surface of the planet distinguished from air or sea
Psychology8 words
mindnounthe ability in a person that makes them think, feel, or imagine
memorynounthe ability of mind to keep and remember past events, people, experiences, etc.
personalitynounall the qualities that shape a person's character and make them different from others
therapynounthe treatment of mental or psychological disorders by discussing someone's problems instead of using drugs or operations
depressionnouna state characterized by constant feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and a lack of enegry or interest in activities
anxietynoun(psychiatry) a mental disorder of constant nervousness and worry, in which one expects something bad to happen with no valid reason
dreamnouna series of images, feelings, or events happening in one's mind during sleep
insightnouna penetrating and profound understanding that goes beyond surface-level observations or knowledge
Mathematics9 words
arithmeticnouna branch of mathematics that deals with addition, subtraction, multiplication, etc.
decimalnoun(mathematics) a number less than one, called a fraction, that is represented as a period followed by the number of tenths, hundredths, etc.
sumnounthe whole amount of numbers added together
calculationnounthe act of finding a number or amount using mathematics
multiplenouna number that is the result of multiplying a given number by an integer
additionnounthe calculation of the total of two or more numbers added together
divisionnounthe process of calculating how many times a number can contain another number
probabilitynoun(mathematics) a number representing the chances of something specific happening
variablenoun(mathematics) a quantity that is capable of assuming different values in a calculation
Graphs and Figures6 words
graphnouna visual representation of the relationship between quantities, shown as points plotted relative to axes
chartnounan information sheet in the form of a graph, diagram, or table that is easy to understand
tablenouna set of facts and figures arranged in rows and columns in a systematic order
peaknounthe topmost point on a graph that indicates the highest level reached during a progression or development
columnnounan arrangement of a set of figures or information in a vertical way
rownouna sequence of related items, events, or actions that follow one after the other in a particular order
Geometry19 words
cubenouna three-dimensional figure made of six square or rectangular faces
ovalnouna shape that is wide in the middle and narrow at both ends
diamondnouna shape with four equal, sloping straight sides, forming a point at the top and another at the bottom
anglenounthe space between two lines or surfaces that are joined, measured in degrees or radians
linenouna row of people or things behind each other or next to each other
pointnoun(geometry) an element that only has position, with no size or dimension
pyramidnouna solid with a polygonal base and triangular faces that meet at a single point
surfacenoun(geometry) any of the two-dimensional faces of a three-dimensional figure
heartnouna shape that consists of two curved lines at the top and a V shape at the bottom
circlenouna completely round, plain shape
squarenouna shape with four equal straight sides and four right angles, each measuring 90°
archnounanything with a curved top and parallel sides
spiralnoun(geometry) a curved shape or design that gradually winds around a center or axis
curvenouna line or shape that is not straight and bends gradually
disknounan object that has a flat, round, and circular shape
hemispherenounone of the two halves of the Earth, separated by the equator or a meridian
lobenouna rounded projection or section forming part of a larger structure
trianglenoun(geometry) a flat shape consisting of three straight sides and three angles
axisnouna straight line that defines the symmetry or structure of a figure or object
Environment3 words
conservationnounthe protection of the natural environment and resources from wasteful human activities
naturenouneverything that exists or happens on the earth, excluding things that humans make or control
marineadjectiverelated to the sea and the different life forms that exist there
Energy and Power5 words
electricitynouna source of power used for lighting, heating, and operating machines
sourcenouna place or thing from which something originates or begins
consumptionnounthe act of using up something, such as resources, energy, or materials
blackoutnouna complete loss of electricity in a specific area
resourcenoun(usually plural) a country's gas, oil, trees, etc. that are considered valuable and therefore can be sold to gain wealth
Landscapes and Geography5 words
plainnouna vast area of flat land
baynouna part of a shoreline that curves inward, larger than a cove but smaller than a gulf
rivernouna natural and continuous stream of water flowing on the land to the sea, a lake, or another river
gulfnounan area of sea that is partly surrounded by land, with a narrow opening
compassnouna device with a needle that always points to the north, used to find direction
Technology6 words
headsetnouna device worn on the head that combines a headphone and microphone for listening and speaking
printernouna machine, particularly one connected to a computer, that prints text or pictures onto paper
scannernouna device that creates a digital copy of a document or photo and sends it to a computer
speakernounequipment that transforms electrical signals into sound, loud enough for public announcements, playing music, etc.
tabletnouna flat, small, portable computer that one controls and uses by touching its screen
servernouna computer that gives other computers access to files and information in a network
Computer15 words
accessverbto be able to use the information from a computer system, network, database, etc.
monitornouna screen that shows information or images generated by a computer
bugnounan error or fault in a computer program, system, etc.
iconnoun(computing) a small picture on a computer screen, etc. representing a program that when clicked will start running
clipboardnoun(computing) a temporary storage area for data that has been copied or cut
cachenoun(computing) a type of computer memory in which information that is often in use can be stored temporarily, a cache can be accessed quickly and is needed while a program is running
browseverbto check a web page, text, etc. without reading all the content
installverbto add a piece of software to a computer system
printverbto create a number of copies of a newspaper, magazine, book, etc.
saveverbto put a copy of the desired digital file in a location
formatverb(computing) to prepare a storage device, such as a hard drive or USB, for use by deleting all the data on it and setting it up for a specific file system
refreshverb(computing) to update a display, internet page, etc. and make the most recent information appear
pasteverbto insert copied or cut content at a specified location
applicationnouna computer program designed to perform a specific task for a user
programverbto write a set of codes in order to make a computer or a machine perform a particular task
Internet7 words
networknouna number of interconnected electronic devices such as computers that form a system so that data can be shared
avatarnounan image that is the representation of a player in a game or an account on social media
emailnouna digital message that is sent from one person to another person or group of people using a system called email
connectverbto join a device such as a computer or cell phone to a computer network or the Internet
disconnectverbto sever or interrupt a connection or link
searchverbto search for information or content on the Internet using a search engine or other tools
updateverbto make something more useful or modern by adding the most recent information to it, improving its faults, or making new features available for it
Manufacture and Industry5 words
assemblynounthe procedure of putting together the component parts of a machinary
productionnounthe act or process of transforming raw materials or different components into goods that can be used by customers
goodsnounitems made or produced for sale
companynounan organization that does business and earns money from it
standardnouna recognized measure or criterion used as a basis for comparison or evaluation
History9 words
eranouna period of history marked by particular features or events
agenouna period of history identified with a particular event
periodnouna span of time, often with a clear beginning and end
centurynouna period of one hundred years
timelinenouna list of events arranged in the order of their occurance
incidentnounan event or happening, especially a violent, unusual or important one
eventnounanything that takes place, particularly something important
knightnoun(in the Middle Ages) a man of high social rank, wearing armor and riding a horse, who is loyal to his king
mythnouna story involving the ancient history of a people, usually about heroes and supernatural events that could be unreal
Religion13 words
faithnounstrong belief in a particular god or religion
beliefnouna strong feeling of certainty that something or someone exists or is true; a strong feeling that something or someone is right or good
godnounthe supernatural being that Muslims, Jews, and Christians worship and believe to be the creator of the universe
goddessnouna female divine being worshipped in different religions
worshipverbto respect and honor God or a deity, especially by performing rituals
templenouna building used for worshiping one or several gods, used by some religious communities, especially Buddhists and Hindus
churchnouna building where Christians go to worship and practice their religion
nunnouna member of a female religious group that lives in a convent
angelnouna spiritual and holy being with two white wings, believed to be a servant or agent of God
salvationnoun(Christian theology) the deliverance from sin and its consequences, believed to be brought about by faith in Christ
heavennounthe realm of God and angels where the believers are promised to reside
hellnoun(in Christianity) the dwelling place of Satan and his forces, where sinners suffer eternal punishment
karmanouna belief that one will get the reward or face the consequences of one's good or bad actions
Culture and Custom10 words
culturenounthe general beliefs, customs, and lifestyles of a specific society
holidaynouna period of time away from home or work, typically to relax, have fun, and do activities that one enjoys
storynouna narrative of fictional or real events which is written or told in order to teach and entertain the audience
fashionnounthe styles and trends of clothing, accessories, makeup, and other items that are popular in a certain time and place
valuenouna set of moral beliefs or principles of what is important in life
symbolnouna sign or shape that represents a particular idea or organization
gesturenouna movement of the hands, face, or body used to express an idea, feeling, or intention
farewellnouna word or phrase used to bid goodbye to someone when parting, typically conveying good wishes
languagenounthe system of communication by spoken or written words, that the people of a particular country or region use
courtesynouna display of good manners and polite behavior toward other people
Language and Grammar10 words
wordnoun(grammar) a unit of language that has a specific meaning
sentencenouna group of words that forms a statement, question, exclamation, or instruction, usually containing a verb
phrasenouna group of words put together in a meaningful way
articlenoun(grammar) any type of determiner that shows whether we are referring to a particular thing or a general example of something
conjugationnouna list or an arrangement of inflected forms of a verb
tensenoun(grammar) a form of the verb that indicates the time or duration of the action or state of the verb
idiomnouna group of words or a phrase that has a meaning different from the literal interpretation of its individual words, often specific to a particular language or culture
voicenoun(grammar) the form of a verb that indicates whether the subject does something or something is done to it
vocabularynounall the words used in a particular language or subject
translationnounthe process of changing written or spoken words from one language to another while maintaining the same meaning
Arts15 words
artnounthe use of creativity and imagination to express emotions and ideas by making things like paintings, sculptures, music, etc.
paintingnouna picture created by paint
sculpturenounthe art of shaping and engraving clay, stone, etc. to create artistic objects or figures
drawingnouna picture that was made using pens, pencils, or crayons instead of paint
photographynounthe process, art, or profession of capturing photographs or recording videos
potterynounthe skill or activity of making dishes, pots, etc. using clay
designnounthe act or process of drawing or making an outline or sketch in order to show how something works or how it is built
dramanouna play that is performed in a theater, on TV, or radio
performancenounthe act of presenting something such as a play, piece of music, etc. for entertainment
stylenouna specific way of writing, designing, painting, etc. that is typical of a certain era, person, movement, place, etc.
musicnouna series of sounds made by instruments or voices, arranged in a way that is pleasant to listen to
literaturenounwritten works that are valued as works of art, such as novels, plays and poems
studionouna room where a painter, musician, or other artists works in
audiencenouna group of people who have gathered to watch and listen to a play, concert, etc.
theaternouna place, usually a building, with a stage where plays and shows are performed
Music16 words
orchestranouna group of musicians playing various instruments gathered and organized to perform a classic piece
bandnouna group of musicians and singers playing popular music
operanouna musical play sung and performed by singers
harmonynounnotes of music played or sung in a combination that produces a pleasing effect
rhythmnouna strong repeated pattern of musical notes or sounds
beatnouna piece of music's or a poem's main rhythm
lyricnoun(plural) a song's words or text
versenouna series of lines forming a unit in a song or poem
chorusnouna section of a song or poem that follows each verse
bridgenouna transitional section that connects two main musical themes or parts
albumnouna number of music pieces or songs sold as a single item, normally on a CD or the internet
tracknouna musical piece or song recorded on a CD, tape, or vinyl record
arrangementnouna musical piece that has been adapted or arranged to be performed by various instruments or voices
notenouna written sign or symbol indicating a single tone of particular pitch and length made by a vocal or musical instrument
beatboxnounan electronic piece of equipment that imitates drum sounds adding a backbeat to songs
covernouna version of a song performed or recorded by someone other than the original artist
Film and Theatre24 words
creditnoun(plural) a list of names at the start or end of a TV program or movie acknowledging the people involved in its production
seasonnouna set of TV programs that are related
episodenounone part of a series of a radio or TV show
seriesnouna set of regularly aired television or radio programs related to the same subject
clipnouna short part of a movie or broadcast that is viewed separately
scriptnouna written text that a movie, show, or play is based on
scenenouna part of a movie, play or book in which the action happens in one place or is of one particular type
trailernouna selection from different parts of a movie, TV series, games, etc. shown before they become available to the public
animationnouna movie in which animated characters move
castnounall the actors and actresses in a movie, play, etc.
resolutionnounthe quality and clarity of an image or video display
backgroundnounthe part of a photograph, etc. that is situated behind the main figures, etc.
dialoguenouna written or spoken line that is spoken by a character in a play, movie, book, or other work of fiction
characternouna role or part played by an actor, performer, voice actor, etc.
plotnounthe events that are crucial to the formation and continuity of a story in a movie, play, novel, etc.
settingnounthe time and place in which the story of a movie, play, etc. is taking place
heronounthe main male character in a story, book, movie, etc., often known for his bravery and other great qualities
producernouna person who deals with supervisory tasks or financial affairs in making a motion picture, play, etc.
shotnounan independent sequence of a motion picture or TV program that is recorded by one camera without any interruption
shootingnounthe action or process of recording the scenes of a motion picture or taking a photograph
rolenounthe part or character that an actor plays in a movie or play
actnouna main part of a play, opera, or ballet
chorusnouna group of dancers and singers who perform in a musical show, typically providing supporting or background roles and enhancing the main performance
backstagenounthe part of the theater where performers, crew, and staff work away from the audience's sight
Literature10 words
novelnouna long written story that usually involves imaginary characters and places
playnouna written story that is meant to be performed on a stage, radio, or television
versenouna set of words that usually have a rhythmic pattern
fictionnouna type of literature about unreal people, events, etc.
tragedynouna play with sad events, especially one that the main character dies at the end
comedynouna genre that emphasizes humor and often has a happy or lighthearted conclusion
mysterynouna movie, novel, or play in which a crime takes place, especially a murder, and the story starts unraveling as it goes on
narratornounthe person who tells the story in a novel, poem, etc.
rhymenouna short piece of poem
characternouna person or an animal represented in a book, play, movie, etc.
Architecture11 words
blueprintnouna detailed technical or architectural plan showing dimensions, materials, and specifications for construction or production
structurenounanything that is built from several parts, such as a house, bridge, etc.
plannouna drawing of a building, city, etc. that shows its position, size, or shape in details
foundationnouna hard layer of cement, stone, etc. that serves as the underground support of a building
materialnouna substance from which things can be made
exitnouna way that enables someone to get out of a room, building, or a vehicle of large capacity
towernouna tall and often narrow building that stands alone or is part of a castle, church, or other larger buildings
constructionnounthe process of building or creating something, such as structures, machines, or infrastructure
columnnouna vertical structural element, often made of stone, that supports the weight of the building above it
entrancenounan opening like a door, gate, or passage that we can use to enter a building, room, etc.
perspectivenounthe technique of representing a two-dimensional object in a way that gives the right impression of distance by drawing objects and people that are farther in a smaller size
Marketing12 words
businessnounthe activity of providing services or products in exchange for money
budgetnouna specific amount of money set aside for a particular use
distributionnounthe process of supplying shops and other businesses with products to be sold
enterprisenouna company
industrynounall of the activities, companies, and people that are involved in providing a service or producing goods
marketnouna public place where people buy and sell groceries
salesnounthe total amount of income a company, store, etc. makes from the sales of goods or services over a specific period of time
tradenounthe activity of exchanging goods or services
contractnounan official agreement between two or more sides that states what each of them has to do
productnounsomething that is created or grown for sale
strategynounan organized plan made to achieve a goal
billnouna piece of printed paper that shows the amount of money a person has to pay for goods or services received
Finance10 words
capitalnounassets used to generate more assets, especially in business or production
investmentnounthe act or process of putting money into something to gain profit
sharenounany of the equal portions of a company's stock that is available for public to buy and gain benefit
financenouna type of business activity that involves providing money or other resources, such as capital, to support economic transactions, investments, and other financial activities
economynounthe system in which money, goods, and services are produced or distributed within a country or region
interestnounthe fee paid for borrowing money, calculated as a percentage of the loan amount over time
inflationnounthe ongoing increase in the general price level of goods and services in an economy over a period of time
exchangenounthe act of exchanging or trading one thing for another
expensenounthe amount of money spent to do or have something
fundnouna sum of money that is collected and saved for a particular purpose
Management6 words
administrationnounthe process and activities required to control and manage an organization
interviewnouna meeting at which one is asked some questions to see whether one is qualified for a course of study, job, etc.
leadershipnounthe act of guiding or directing a group of people towards a shared goal or objective
missionnouna specific task or duty assigned to an individual or group
operationnounan organized activity involving multiple people doing various things to achieve a common goal
departmentnouna part of an organization such as a university, government, etc. that deals with a particular task
Medicine7 words
drugnounany substance that is used for medicinal purposes
prescriptionnounthe written instructions of a doctor that allow the patient to get the medicines needed
tabletnouna small round piece of medicine, containing an active drug and excipients, that should usually be swallowed
capsulenouna type of small, rounded drug that has medicine inside, which when swallowed releases its medical substance
side effectnouna secondary effect of any drug or medicine, usually an undesirable one
treatmentnounan action that is done to relieve pain or cure a disease, wound, etc.
operationnouna medical process in which a part of body is cut open to repair or remove a damaged organ
Sickness and Symptoms6 words
painnounthe unpleasant feeling caused by an illness or injury
coughnouna condition or disease that makes one cough frequently
infectionnouna condition in which harmful germs, such as bacteria or viruses, invade the body and cause harm, leading to symptoms such as fever, pain, and swelling
rashnouna part of one's skin covered with red spots, which is usually caused by a sickness or an allergic reaction
burnnouna mark or injury that is caused by exposure to fire, acid, heat, etc.
pandemicnouna disease that spreads across a large region or even across the world
Law18 words
lawnouna country's rules that all of its citizens are required to obey
judgenounthe official in charge of a court who decides on legal matters
witnessnouna person who sees an event, especially a criminal scene
evidencenouna statement, document, or object that is used in a law court for establishing facts
rightnouna thing that someone is legally, officially, or morally allowed to do or have
trialnouna legal process where a judge and jury examine evidence in court to decide if the accused is guilty
justicenounthe exercise of judgment in determining rights, duties, or assigning rewards and punishments
sentencenounthe punishment that the court assigned for a guilty person
billnouna new law that is proposed to a parliament to be discussed about
willnouna legal document that a person writes to decide what happens to their belongings after their death
pleanoun(law) a formal statement made by someone confirming or denying their accusation
chargeverbto officially accuse someone of an offense
condemnverbto give a severe punishment to someone who has committed a major crime
violateverbto disobey or break a regulation, an agreement, etc.
enforceverbto ensure that a law or rule is followed
reformverbto make a society, law, system, or organization better or more effective by making many changes to it
counselnouna lawyer who represents and gives legal advice to someone in court
redressnouna sum of money paid to someone to make up for the damage or harm done to them
Crime12 words
offensenounany act that is against a law
fraudnounthe act of cheating in order to make illegal money
assaultnounan act of crime in which someone physically attacks another person
treasonnounthe act of betraying one's country by rebelling against its government
suspectnounsomeone who is believed to be guilty of an offence
murdernounthe crime of ending a person's life deliberately
robverbto take something from an organization, place, etc. without their consent, or with force
assaultnounan act of crime in which someone physically attacks another person
manipulateverbto control or influence someone cleverly for personal gain or advantage
commitverbto do a particular thing that is unlawful or wrong
terrorizeverbto force someone to act or obey by instilling intense fear, often through threats or violence
confessverbto admit, especially to the police or legal authorities, that one has committed a crime or has done something wrong
Punishment6 words
penaltynouna punishment given for breaking a rule, law, or legal agreement
finenounan amount of money that must be paid as a legal punishment
imprisonmentnounthe act of placing someone in prison or jail as a lawful penalty
executionnounthe act of punishing a criminal by death
tortureverbto violently hurt a person as a punishment or as a way of obtaining information from them
whipverbto violently hit a person or animal with a whip
Politics10 words
unionnouna single political entity created by merging previously separate groups, states, or organizations
allynouna country that aids another country, particularly if a war breaks out
candidatenounsomeone who is competing in an election or for a job position
partynounan official political group with shared beliefs, goals, and policies aiming to be a part of or form a government
pollnouna process in which random people are asked the same questions to find out what the general public thinks about a given subject
empirenouna territory governed by an emperor or empress, under imperial authority
voteverbto show which candidate one wants to win in an election or which plan one supports, by marking a piece of paper, raising one's hand, etc.
campaignnouna set of actions organized in order to serve a political purpose
constitutionnounthe official laws and principles by which a country or state is governed
mandatenounthe legality and power given to a government or other organization after winning an election
War17 words
battlenouna fight between opposing armed forces, particularly during a war
captainnouna military officer with a rank above that of a lieutenant and below that of a major
generalnouna high-ranking officer in the army, Air Force, or Marines
resistancenounmilitary action taken to oppose or prevent an enemy's advance
front linenounthe area where opposing forces meet or engage, often in a military conflict
peacenouna period or state where there is no war or violence
bulletnouna small cylindrical metal object designed to be fired from a gun
attackverbto begin using weapons against a place or enemy during a war
defendverbto not let any harm come to someone or something
fireverbto shoot a bullet, shell, etc. from a weapon
retreatverb(of military) to move away in order to escape the danger because one has been defeated or is weak
conquerverbto gain control of a place or people using armed forces
bombardverbto drop bombs on someone or something continuously
captureverbto seize or get control of something by force
alliancenounan organization or group of people, countries, or entities united by a formal agreement for mutual benefit
veterannouna former member of the armed forces who has fought in a war
bombardmentnouna continuous attack on an area using bombs
Measurement16 words
sizenounthe physical extent of an object, usually described by its height, width, length, or depth
degreenouna unit of measurement for temperature, angles, or levels of intensity, such as Celsius degrees or a degree of pain
ratenounthe number of times something changes or happens during a specific period of time
spacenounan area that is empty or unoccupied and therefore available for use
scalenounthe size, amount, or degree of one thing compared with another
proportionnouna principle of design that refers to the relationship of the size, shape, and quantity of different elements in a composition
lengthnounthe distance from one end to the other end of an object that shows how long it is
heightnounthe distance from the top to the bottom of something or someone
depthnounthe distance below the top surface of something
weightnounthe heaviness of something or someone, which can be measured
footnouna unit of measuring length equal to 12 inches or 30.48 centimeters
tonnouna unit for measuring weight that is used in the UK and is equal to 1016.05 kg
poundnouna unit for measuring weight equal to 16 ounces or 0.454 kilograms
bitnouna small amount, quantity, or piece of something
meternounthe basic unit of measuring length that is equal to 100 centimeters
yardnouna unit of length that is equal to 91.44 centimeters or 36 inches
Positive Emotions9 words
joynounthe feeling of great happiness
inspirationnouna mental spark that drives unusual creativity or activity
pleasurenouna feeling of great enjoyment and happiness
lovenounthe very strong emotion we have for someone or something that is important to us and we like a lot and want to take care of
delightnouna feeling of great pleasure or joy
peacenouna feeling of no worries or anxieties
wondernouna feeling of admiration or surprise caused by something that is very unusual and exciting
securitynouna feeling caused by being away from dangers, worries, or fears
fulfillmentnouna feeling of happiness when one's needs are satisfied
Negative Emotions10 words
stressnouna feeling of anxiety and worry caused by different life problems
painnounthe emotional distress and suffering people try to avoid, like heartbreak or anxiety
shocknouna sudden and intense feeling of surprise, distress, or disbelief caused by something unexpected and often unpleasant
horrornouna great fear or shock
miserynoungreat discomfort or pain
lonelinessnouna sense of sadness or melancholy arising from being alone or lacking companionship
distressnouna state of extreme emotional pain or suffering
anxietynouna feeling of nervousness or worry about a future event or uncertain outcome
shamenounan uneasy feeling that we get because of our own or someone else's mistake or bad manner
tensionnoun(psychology) a strong feeling of stress or pressure
Animals11 words
birdnounan animal with a beak, wings, and feathers that is usually capable of flying
fishnounan animal with a tail, gills and fins that lives in water
preynounan animal that is hunted and eaten by another animal
breednouna particular type of animal or plant that has typically been domesticated by people in a certain way
furnounthe thick, soft hair that grows on the body of some animals such as cats, dogs, etc.
wingnounany of the two parts of the body of a bird, insect, etc. used for flying
tailnounthe part of the body of an animal, a bird or a fish that sticks out at the back, which can move
pawnounan animal's foot that typically has a combination of nails, claws, fur, and pads
aquariumnouna large container usually made of glass that is filled with water in which fish and other sea creatures are kept
wildadjective(of an animal or plant) living or growing in a natural state, without any human interference
domesticadjective(of an animal) capable of living with humans, either on a farm or as a pet in a house
Weather8 words
snownounsmall, white pieces of frozen water vapor that fall from the sky in cold temperatures
stormnouna strong and noisy event in the sky with heavy rain, thunder, lightning, and strong winds
cloudnouna white or gray visible mass of water vapor floating in the air
temperaturenouna measure of how hot or cold something or somewhere is
fognouna thick cloud close to the ground that makes it hard to see through
lightningnouna bright flash, caused by electricity, in the sky or one that hits the ground from within the clouds
coldnounthe temperature that is below what is considered normal or comfortable for a particular thing, person, or place
seasonnouna period of time that a year is divided into, such as winter and summer, with each having three months
Food and Drinks14 words
cuisinenounfood prepared or cooked in a specific manner
nutnouna small fruit with a seed inside a hard shell that grows on some trees
seasoningnouna substance or mixture added to food to enhance its flavor, typically consisting of herbs, spices and salt
dairynounmilk and milk products that are produced by mammals such as cows, goats, and sheep collectively
pastanounan Italian food that is a mixture of flour, water, and at times eggs formed it into different shapes, typically eaten with a sauce when cooked
vegannounsomeone who does not consume or use anything that is produced from animals, such as meat, milk, or eggs
snacknouna small meal that is usually eaten between the main meals or when there is not much time for cooking
organicadjective(of food or farming techniques) produced or done without any artificial or chemical substances
rawadjectiverelated to foods that have not been exposed to heat or any form of cooking
freshadjective(of food) recently harvested, caught, or made
juicyadjective(of food) having a lot of liquid and tasting fresh or flavorful
richadjectivecontaining a high amount of fat, sugar, or other indulgent ingredients
tenderadjective(of food) easy to chew or cut
strongadjectivedescribing drink that contains a large amount of a substance (like alcohol, caffeine, or flavor)
Travel and Tourism13 words
passportnouna document for traveling between countries
departurenounthe act of leaving, usually to begin a journey
tournouna journey for pleasure, during which we visit several different places
landmarknouna structure or a place that is historically important
souvenirnounsomething that we usually buy and bring back for other people from a place that we have visited on vacation
flightnouna scheduled journey by an aircraft
journeynounthe act of travelling between two or more places, especially when there is a long distance between them
reservationnounthe act of arranging something, such as a seat or a hotel room to be kept for you to use later at a particular time
terminalnouna building where trains, buses, planes, or ships start or finish their journey
delaynounthe act of postponing or putting off something that was scheduled or expected to happen at a particular time
reserveverbto arrange something to be kept for later use
check outverbto leave a hotel after returning your room key and paying the bill
bookverbto reserve a specific thing such as a seat, ticket, hotel room, etc.
Pollution2 words
trashnounworthless, unwanted, and unneeded things that people throw away
wastenounmaterials that have no use and are unwanted
Migration6 words
outsidernouna person who is not a member of a particular group, society, etc.
bordernouna line that separates two countries, provinces, or states from each other
migrantnouna person who moves from one place to another, often across borders or regions, to live or work temporarily or permanently
migrationnounthe act of moving to another place or country
displaceverbto make someone leave their home by force, particularly because of an unpleasant event
migrateverbto move from a country or region in search of a better job or living conditions
Disasters4 words
pandemicnouna disease that spreads across a large region or even across the world
explosionnouna sudden, forceful release of energy due to a chemical or nuclear reaction, causing rapid expansion of gases, loud noise, and often destruction
collisionnounan accident that occurs when two or more objects, often in motion, come into violent contact with each other, resulting in damage or destruction
disasternouna sudden and unfortunate event that causes a great amount of death and destruction
Materials10 words
plasticadjectivemade or consisting of plastic, a substance produced in a chemical process
glassnouna hard material that is often clear and is used for making windows, bottles, etc.
ceramicnouna non-metallic, inorganic material that is typically made from clay, minerals, and other raw materials
naturaladjectiveoriginating from or created by nature, not made or caused by humans
stonenouna hard material, usually made of minerals, and often used for building things
papernounthe thin sheets on which one can write, draw, or print things, also used as wrapping material
woodenadjectivemade of a hard material that forms the branches and trunks of trees
cottonnounsoft and white material that comes from a plant called cotton and is used to make clothing
silvernouna shiny grayish-white metal of high value that heat and electricity can move through it and is used in jewelry making, electronics, etc.
goldnouna valuable yellow-colored metal that is used for making jewelry
Adverbs of Emphasis8 words
necessarilyadverbin a way that cannot be avoided
literallyadverbused for putting emphasis on something that seems surprising but is true
notablyadverbused to introduce the most important part of what is being said
especiallyadverbused for showing that what you are saying is more closely related to a specific thing or person than others
onlyadverbwith anyone or anything else excluded
primarilyadverbin the first place
mainlyadverbmore than any other thing
justadverbused to emphasize a quality or state
Learn all 1919 words in this list with spaced repetition
Social Behaviours12 words