Develop your core vocabulary for the GRE exam, covering diverse topics from animals to human anatomy and language.
36 topics1365 words
Related to Animals40 words
faunanounthe animals of a particular geological period or region
felinenounany animal in the cat family
amphibiannounany cold-blooded animal with the ability to live both on land and in water, such as toads, frogs, etc.
exoskeletonnounthe hard outer covering that supports the body of an animal, such as an arthropod
arthropodnounan invertebrate animal with a segmented body and a chitinous exoskeleton, such as a spider, crab, etc.
mollusknounany invertebrate that lives in aquatic or damp habitats and has a soft unsegmented body, often covered with a shell
verminnounsmall animals or insects that are believed to be destructive and are difficult to handle when they appear in a considerable number
carnivorenounan animal that feeds on the flesh of other animals
herbivorenounany animal that only feeds on plants
omnivorenounan animal that eats both plant and animal matter
cullverbto control the population of a wild animal, particularly by killing weak or sick ones
predatoryadjective(of wild animals) hunting, killing, and feeding on other animals for survival
spayverbto remove the sexual organs of a female animal, called ovaries
camouflageverbto blend in with the surroundings to avoid being seen or detected
broodmarenouna female horse that is kept for breeding
burrownouna hole that an animal digs in the ground to use as a shelter
whimperverbto make low crying sounds out of fear, pain or sadness
hatchlingnounan animal that has recently come out of its shell
hibernateverb(of some animals or plants) to spend the winter sleeping deeply
slitherverbto move smoothly and quietly, like a snake
canterverb(of horses) to move at a moderate, three-beat gait that is faster than a trot but slower than a gallop
whiskernounany of the long, stiff hairs that grow on the face of a cat, mouse, etc.
muzzlenounthe projecting part of the face of some animals such as dogs and horses that includes their jaws and noses
fangnouna long, pointed tooth found in carnivorous animals, used for biting, gripping, and tearing flesh
tusknouneach of the curved pointy teeth of some animals such as elephants, boars, etc., especially one that stands out from the closed mouth
plumagenounthe feathers of a bird covering its body
leashnouna long piece of rope, leather strap or light chain used for guiding and controlling a dog or other animals
indigenousadjective(of animals and plants) found and developed only in a particular place and not been brought from elsewhere
caninenouna member of the dog family, including domestic dogs, wolves, foxes, and related animals
invertebratenounspecies that do not possess or cannot develop a spinal column, such as an arthropod, mollusk, etc.
reptiliannounany cold-blooded animal of the class Reptilia that breathes air and is a vertebrate, such as snakes, frogs, etc.
breedverb(of an animal) to have sex and give birth to young
bucknouna male deer, rabbit, or antelope
dennounthe hidden place where a wild predatory animal lives
fowlnouna domesticated bird that is particularly kept for its meat and eggs
incubateverbto keep an egg in a favorable condition to help it develop until it hatches
grazeverb(of sheep, cows, etc.) to feed on the grass in a field
peckverb(of a bird) to move the beak in a sudden movement and bite something
tweetverbto make a short high sound characteristic of a bird
crestnouna prominent feature exhibited by some birds on their heads, consisting of feathers, fur, or skin
Anatomy of Human Body40 words
torsonounthe upper part of the human body, excluding the arms and the head
vertebranoun(anatomy) any of the bony segments and cartilages of the spinal column
arterynounany blood vessel, carrying the blood to different organs of body from the heart
spinal cordnounthe inner part of the spine containing a mass of nerves that connects the brain to almost all the body parts
ribcagenoun(anatomy) the bony structure in the chest formed by the ribs which protects organs in the thoracic cavity
craniumnoun(anatomy) the bone structure that surrounds and protects the brain
cortexnoun(anatomy) the outer layer of the anterior part of the brain, called cerebrum, containing gray matter
brownounthe part in someone's face that is below the hair and above the eyes
wombnounthe part of the body of a woman or female mammal where the baby develops before birth
uterusnoun(anatomy) the organ in the female body where the fetus is conceived and grown before being born
bicepsnounthe large muscle at the front of the upper part of the arm, which flexes the forearm
armpitnounthe part under the shoulder that is hollow
eardrumnouna thin piece of skin in the middle ear that vibrates by sound waves and enables one to hear sounds, also known as tympanic membrane
pharynxnoun(anatomy) the passage in the throat that connects the mouth to the gullet
tracheanoun(anatomy) the membranous tube in the body that carries air from the throat to the bronchi
salivanounthe liquid produced in the mouth to make chewing and swallowing easier and to prepare food for digestion
phlegmnounthe thick mucus that is formed in the nasal and throat cavities, usually secreted in excessive amounts as a result of common cold
respirationnoun(anatomy) the act or process of breathing
retinanoun(anatomy) the sensory membrane at the back of the eye that transmits light signals to the brain through optic nerves
corneanoun(anatomy) the transparent layer that covers the outside of the eyeball
renaladjectiverelating to the kidneys or their function
pancreasnouna large gland in the body that produces insulin and glucagon and substances that help the body digest food
spleennoun(anatomy) an abdominal organ that controls the quality of the blood cells
pelvisnoun(anatomy) the large round bone structure that the limbs and the spine are joined to, which also protects the abdominal organs
bladdernouna sac-like organ inside the body where urine is stored before being passed
bowelnoun(usually plural) the tube in the body through which digested food passes from the stomach to the anus
bone marrownounthe soft substance that fills the cavities of bones, which is either yellowish and consists of fat cells or reddish and makes blood cells
tendonnoun(anatomy) an elastic cord or band that connects a muscle to a bone
cartilagenounan elastic tissue that supports or connects joints in an infant and turns into skeleton during growth
antibodynouna blood protein produced to fight diseases or infections, or in response to foreign substances in the body
glandnounan organ in the body that produces certain chemical substances to be used in the body or to be discharged into the surroundings
bilenouna greenish-brown alkaline fluid that is produced by the liver in order to help the body digest fats
anatomynounthe branch of science that is concerned with the physical structure of humans, animals, or plants
tissuenouna group of cells in the body of living things, forming their different parts
shinnounthe front part of the leg that is between the foot and the knee
enamelnounthe hard white external layer that covers the crown of a tooth
pupilnoun(anatomy) the small round black area in the center of the eye, through which light enters
abdomennounthe lower part of the body below the chest that contains the digestive and reproductive organs
diaphragmnoun(anatomy) the muscular body partition that separates the chest and abdomen
appendixnouna sack of tissue that is attached to the large intestine and is surgically removed if infected
Describing Appearance32 words
hunchverbto bend the upper side of the body forward and make a rounded back
deftadjectivehaving quick and skillful movements
languidlyadverbslowly and without much energy, sometimes in an attractive way
lumberingadjectivemoving slowly or in an awkward way because of being heavy
slouchverbto adopt a drooping, slumped, or lazy posture
erectadjectivestraight, with an upright position
winceverbto show a facial expression that signifies shame or pain
sneerverbto curl the lip in a contemptuous smile, showing scorn or disdain
complexionnounthe natural color and appearance of someone's skin, especially the face
grimaceverbto twist our face in an ugly way because of pain, strong dislike, etc., or when trying to be funny
grinverbto smile widely in a way that displays the teeth
smirkverbto give a half-smile, often displaying satisfaction, superiority, or amusement
blushverbto become red in the face, especially as a result of shyness or shame
glowerverbto look or stare at someone angrily
allurenounthe quality of attracting someone by being fascinating and glamorous
dowdyadjective(of a person or their clothing) lacking style, elegance, or fashionable appeal
swarthyadjectivehaving a naturally dark face or complexion
blemishnouna mark or spot on something or someone's skin that spoils the appearance
callusnounan area of skin that has turned hard and rough by being constantly exposed to friction
uprightadjective(of a person) standing or sitting with a straight back
ungainlyadjectivemoving in a way that is awkward and not smooth
suppleadjectiveslender and flexible, able to bend or move smoothly and with elegance
beamverbto smile joyfully in an obvious way
squintverbto look with eyes half-opened when hit by light, or as a sign of suspicion, etc.
countenancenounsomeone's face or facial expression
stoutadjective(of a person) slightly fat and heavy
petiteadjective(of a woman) small in an attractive way
plumpadjective(of a person) having a pleasantly rounded and slightly full-bodied appearance
lusciousadjectivesexually attractive and very seductive
ruggedadjective(of a man's face) having strong, well-defined, and attractive features
scruffyadjective(of a man's face) not having been shaved for a long time
voluptuousadjective(of a woman's body) curvy and attractive with full breasts and wide hips
Language & Literary Devices40 words
dialectnounthe spoken form of a language specific to a certain region or people which is slightly different from the standard form in words and grammar
declensionnoun(in the grammar of some languages) a group of nouns, pronouns, or adjectives changing in the same way to indicate case, number, and gender
inflectionnoun(grammar) a change in the structure of a word, usually adding a suffix, according to its grammatical function
conjugateverb(grammar) to show how a verb changes depending on number, person, tense, etc.
accusativenoun(grammar) a particular form of a pronoun, adjective, or noun that acts as the direct object of a verb or preposition, used in some languages such as Greek or Latin
vocativenoun(in the grammar of some languages) the form of a noun, pronoun, or adjective that is used when addressing a particular person or thing
genitiveadjectiverelating to a grammatical case that is used to indicate possession, origin, or a close association
ablativenoun(grammar) a specific form of a pronoun, adjective, or noun that is used to show by what means or by whom an action is done or to indicate the source of the action, found in some languages such as Latin or Sanskrit
locativenoun(grammar) a specific form of a pronoun, adjective, or noun that shows the place of an action or where a person or thing is
predicativeadjective(grammar) describing an adjective or noun following a linking verb and completing the meaning of the copula
nominativenouna grammatical case used for the subject of a sentence or clause
attributiveadjective(grammar)(of a noun or adjective) joined directly to a noun and modifying it, without a linking verb
interrogativenoun(grammar) a function word that is used to form a question
neuternoun(grammar) a gender of words that are neither masculine nor feminine
affixnoun(grammar) a letter or group of letters added to the end or beginning of a word to change its meaning
alliterationnounthe use of the same letter or sound at the beginning of the words in a verse or sentence, used as a literary device
allusionnouna statement that implies or indirectly mentions something or someone else, especially as a literary device
satirenounhumor, irony, ridicule, or sarcasm used to expose or criticize the faults and shortcomings of a person, government, etc.
euphemismnouna word or expression that is used instead of a harsh or insulting one in order to be more tactful and polite
etymologynounthe study of the origins and historical developments of words and their meanings
inarticulateadjective(of people) unable to express oneself clearly or easily
tautologynounthe redundant repetition of an idea using different words in a sentence or phrase
pragmaticsnoun(linguistics) a branch of linguistics that deals with the sentences and the contexts in which they are used
phoneticsnounthe science and study of speech sounds and their production
phonemenounthe smallest unit of sound in a language that can distinguish meaning, often represented by a specific symbol in phonetic notation
morphemenoun(linguistics) the smallest meaningful unit of a language that does not necessarily stand alone and cannot be divided
lexemenoun(linguistics) a basic linguistic unit that is meaningful and underlies a set of words which are related through inflection
allophonenouna variant pronunciation of a phoneme, which can occur due to phonetic differences in specific contexts or environments within a language
homonymnouneach of two or more words with the same spelling or pronunciation that vary in meaning and origin
homophonenoun(grammar) one of two or more words with the same pronunciation that differ in meaning, spelling or origin
diphthongnoun(phonetics) a gliding speech sound formed by the combination of two vowels in a single syllable
onomatopoeianouna word that mimics the sound it represents
syntaxnoun(linguistics) the way in which words and phrases are arranged to form grammatical sentences in a language
inversionnouna change in normal word order, especially putting a verb before its subject
subjunctivenoun(of verbs) a form or mood that represents possibility, doubt, or wishes
indicativenoun(grammar) the mood of a verb that states a fact
ironynouna form of humor in which the words that someone says mean the opposite, producing an emphatic effect
analogynoun(linguistics) a process by which a new word or inflection is formed according to existing rules and regulations
coherentadjective(of a person) able to express thoughts or ideas in a clear and consistent manner
ellipsisnoun(grammar) the act of omitting a word or words from a sentence, when the meaning is complete and the omission is understood from the context
Communication & Technology33 words
ADSLnouna method of connecting to the Internet using a phone line that allows you to use that phone line at the same time
bandwidthnounthe maximum rate of data transfer of an electronic communication system
IP addressnoun(computing) a set of numbers separated by dots that a computer with an active Internet connection is identified with
access providernouna company that provides customers with Internet access
carbon copynounused on a business letter or email indicating that a copy is being sent to the person mentioned
CMCnouncommunication by means of email, instant messaging, social media, etc.
clickstreamnounthe chronological order by which a user clicks on the hyperlinks in a given website
cybernautnouna person who is actively engaged in online communities and uses the internet a lot
directorynoun(computing) an area on a computer containing files that are necessary for keeping the computer organized
hotspotnouna public place where a wireless Internet connection is made available
hotlinenouna direct phone line for emergency calls or calls between heads of governments
cold-callingnounthe practice of making an unexpected phone call or visiting someone in person in order to sell them goods or services
hypertextnouna database format that contains links by which one can access related information on a display directly from that display
Internet of Thingsphrasethe connection and exchange of data between everyday objects over the Internet
landing pagenoun(computing) the first webpage that appears in response to a click on a link
newswirenouna type of service that gives subscribers the latest news through the Internet or satellite
spamverbto send an unwanted advertisement or message online, usually to a lot of people
broadbandnouna system of Internet connection that allows users to share information simultaneously
carriernouna telecommunications firm that provides a cellular or Internet service
cellularadjectiverelated to a telephone system that uses radio stations for communication
cookienoun(computing) data that a web server sends to a browser and receives if the user visits the website again, used for identifying or tracking the user's activities
handlenounsomeone's username on an online forum or social media platform
domainnounthe last characters of a website's address such as '.com', '.org', etc.
extensionnouna string of characters that comes after a period in a computer filename, typically indicating the file type or format
feednouna feature on a website that enables the users to be notified of the updated information without logging on the website
get throughverbto manage to reach or contact a person
threadnouna sequence of linked messages on social media, email, etc.
pingverbto send a signal to a computer and wait for a reply as a way to test the connection
put throughverbto connect a caller to the person to whom they want to speak
reachverbto manage to contact someone by phone or radio
spoofverb(computing) to send an email or spam to someone pretending to be someone else by forging their address
trollnoun(computing) someone who posts hostile, irrelevant, or offensive comments on a website or social media to annoy others
bounceverb(of an email) to fail to reach the destination and be sent back to the sender
Forms & Styles of Art43 words
calligraphynounthe art of producing beautiful handwriting using special writing instruments such as a dip or brush pen
ceramicsnounthe process or art of making objects out of clay that are heated to become resistant
origaminounthe practice or art of folding paper into desired shapes, which is originated from Japanese culture
portraiturenounthe art or act of making portraits of people
collagenounthe art of making pictures by sticking photographs, pieces of cloth or colored paper onto a surface
muralnouna large painting done on a wall
tableaunouna group of models or statues arranged in an artistic way, representing a famous historical or fictitious scene
still lifenouna painting or drawing, representing objects that do not move, such as flowers, glassware, etc.
batiknouna technique used to color designs on fabrics in which wax is applied to the parts that should be left undyed, originally used in the island of Java, Indonesia
classicismnouna style of art and literature associated with harmony, simplicity, and beauty based on the standards of ancient Greece and Rome, Classicism was popular in Europe from the Renaissance to the 18th century
crayonnouna small stick of white or colored wax or chalk, used for writing or drawing
minimalismnouna style of art, music, or design that arose in the 1950s and is associated with simplicity and uses only a limited number of elements
musenouna source of inspiration for an artist or author that gives them ideas or motivates them to create works of art
likenessnouna portrait or representation of someone, especially one that looks just like them
patronnounan individual who financially supports an artist, charity, cause, etc.
curatornounsomeone who is in charge of a museum, taking care of a collection, artwork, etc.
impastonouna painting technique in which paint is applied so thickly to the canvas or panel that the brush strokes are visible
sculptverbto form figures and objects by cutting and carving hard materials such as wood, stone, metal, etc.
shadingnounlines and markings in dark color that provide the effect of light and shade in a drawing or painting
magnum opusnounthe greatest literary or artistic piece that an author or artist has created
taxidermynounthe art of preserving the dead body of animals by skinning and then filling them with a specific substance in order to use them as decoration
embroiderynounthe activity of sewing decorative patterns onto a piece of clothing
carvingnounthe art or process of making a particular pattern or object by cutting solid material
engravingnounthe art or process of carving an artistic shape or pattern on a hard material
tapestrynouna thick piece of handwoven textile with designs or pictures on it that is used for hangings, curtains, etc.
surrealismnouna 20th-century style of art and literature in which unrelated events or images are combined in an unusual way to represent the experiences of the mind
symbolismnouna late 19th-century style or movement of art that tried to express thoughts and states of mind in strong words and images, called symbols, and avoided detailed representations of the reality
abstractadjective(of a form of art) showing forms, colors, or shapes that do not represent real-world objects, focusing on ideas or emotions instead
baroquenounan ornate and grand style of art, music, and architecture present in the 17th and early 18th centuries in Europe
silhouettenouna drawing that depicts the outline of someone or something that is in a single black color and against a light background, often from the side
charcoalnouna piece or pencil made of a black substance mostly consisting carbon, used by artists for drawing
mannerismnouna European style of art in the late 16th century characterized by hyper-idealization and distorted human forms
figurativeadjectiverepresenting people, animals and objects and forms as they appear in the real world
retrospectivenouna public exhibition of an artist's work over a period of time, showing their career development
perspectivenounthe technique of representing a two-dimensional object in a way that gives the right impression of distance by drawing objects and people that are farther in a smaller size
palettenouna thin oval board that a painter uses to mix colors and hold pigments on, with a hole for the thumb to go through
pigmentnouna dry substance that has to be mixed with a liquid to produce paint
harmonynouna pleasing combination of things in a way that forms a coherent whole
iconnouna depiction of Jesus Christ or a holy figure painted on a wooden panel often on a gilded background, venerated by the Eastern Orthodox Church
bustnouna sculpture representing someone's head, shoulders, and chest
restorationnounthe act of repairing something such as an artwork, building, etc. to be in its original state
potterynounthe skill or activity of making dishes, pots, etc. using clay
handicraftnounthe activity or art of skillfully using one’s hand to create attractive objects
Behind the Scenes40 words
community theaternounthe activity of acting in or producing a play in a theater as a hobby and not a profession
comedy of mannersnouna comic play, movie, book, etc. that portrays the behaviors of a particular social class, satirizing them
montagenouna technique or process of selecting, editing, and pasting separate footage in order to create a motion picture
premierenounthe first public screening or performance of a movie or play
matineenouna musical or dramatic performance that takes place in daytime, especially in the afternoon
curtain callnounthe time after a play or show has just ended when the performers come to the stage to receive the applause of the audience
surtitlenountranslated words projected above or next to the stage on a screen in an opera or play
soliloquynouna speech that a character in a dramatic play gives in the form of a monologue as a series of inner reflections spoken out loud
stage directionnouna text in the script of a play, giving an instruction regarding the movement, position, etc. of actors
overactverbto act a role in an exaggerated way that is not natural
miscastverbto assign the roles of a play, motion picture, etc. to unsuitable actors
read-throughnouna preparatory session during which actors read the words of a play before beginning to practice it on the stage
rehearsalnouna session of practice in which performers prepare themselves for a public performance of a concert, play, etc.
art directornounsomeone who is in charge of the artistic features, such as props and costumes of a movie or play
dramatistnounsomeone who writes plays for the TV, radio, or theater
offstageadjectivesituated out of sight of the audience, typically in the wings or backstage
set piecenouna set of scenes in a motion picture, novel, etc. that could be regarded independently and are very elaborate or complex
blockbusternouna thing that achieves great widespread popularity or financial success, particularly a movie, book, or other product
cinematographynounthe art and methods of film-making, especially the photographic aspect and camerawork
costume dramanouna motion picture or theatrical production with a historical setting in which the actors wear the costume appropriate to that time period
fictionalizeverbto turn real events or situations into a tale or story, often by changing or adding to the details
film noirnouna type of movie involving crime including shadowy footage and dark background music that depicted cynical characters caught in dangerous situations
fourth wallnounan imaginary barrier that separates the mise en scene and the fictional characters from the audience, especially in a theatrical performance
intermissionnouna short pause between parts of a play, movie, etc.
understudynounan actor who practices the lines of another actor in order to replace them if necessary
telefilmnouna movie that is intended to be broadcast on TV, rather than being projected on the screen
ad libnouna line that is recited in a speech or performance without prior preparation
melodramanouna dramatic genre characterized by exaggerated emotions, intense conflicts, etc., often trying to create strong emotional reactions in the audience
dramatizeverbto turn a book, story, or an event into a movie or play
revivalnouna new performance of something old that has not been performed for a long time, such as a play
promptverbto assist someone by suggesting the next words or actions they may have forgotten or not fully learned
enactverbto act a role in a motion picture or perform a play on stage
interpretationnouna representation that an actor or a performer gives of an artistic or musical piece that shows their understanding and feeling toward it
put onverbto stage a play, a show, etc. for an audience
portrayverbto play the role of a character in a movie, play, etc.
adaptationnouna movie, TV program, etc. that is based on a book or play
balconynounan upper floor in a theater or cinema where there are seats for the audience
creditnoun(plural) a list of names at the start or end of a TV program or movie acknowledging the people involved in its production
interludenouna short interval between parts of a play, movie, etc.
epiloguenouna short address to the audience by an actor at the conclusion of a play, frequently in verse
News of the World35 words
yellow journalismnouna style of reporting that prioritizes sensationalism, exaggeration, and misleading tactics to attract readership
tabloidnouna newspaper with smaller pages and many pictures, covering stories about famous people and not much serious news
stop pressnounthe most recent and important news that is added to a newspaper at the last moment before printing or after the start of the printing process, especially as a heading
reportagenounthe act of broadcasting the news on television or radio, or reporting them in a newspaper
newsflashnouna short piece of news that is important, often interrupting a TV or radio program
advertorialnouna piece of advertisement in a newspaper or magazine, designed to seem like an objective article and not an advertisement
dispatchnouna newspaper report, usually sent from another town or a foreign country, often on a military-related matter
bulletinnouna brief news program that is broadcast on the radio or television
columnistnouna journalist who regularly writes articles on a particular subject for a newspaper or magazine
bylinenouna line that gives the writer's name, usually at the beginning or end of a column
narrowcastverbto transmit information through television or the Internet to a specific group of people
newswirenouna type of service that gives subscribers the latest news through the Internet or satellite
obituarynounan article or report, especially in a newspaper, published soon after the death of a person, typically containing details about their life
paparazzinounfreelance photographers who aggressively pursue and take pictures of celebrities, often in invasive or intrusive ways
readershipnounthe number of people who read a particular magazine, newspaper, or book on a regular basis
wire servicenouna news agency that provides news to newspapers, television and radio stations through wires or satellite communication
viewershipnounthe kind or number of audience who watch a specific television program or network
tune inverbto watch a TV program or listen to a radio show
telethonnouna type of television program that is broadcast for several hours, aimed to collect money for charity
rerunnounthe rebroadcast of a program on television or other media
offprintnounan article that has been separately published as a piece in a magazine or newspaper
newscasternouna presenter who reads the news during a TV or radio program
back issuenounan earlier copy of a magazine or a newspaper
correspondentnounsomeone employed by a TV or radio station or a newspaper to report news from a particular country or on a particular matter
exclusivenouna news story that has not been reported or published by any other news organization or agency
commentarynouna spoken description of an event while it is taking place, particularly on TV or radio
broadsheetnouna newspaper that is published on a large piece of paper regarded as more serious
carryverb(of a television, radio network, or newspaper) to broadcast or publish something, or to include specific information in a report
censorshipnounthe act or policy of eliminating or prohibiting any part of a movie, book, etc.
circulationnounthe total number of copies of a newspaper or magazine distributed, including both sales and delivery to readers
embedverbto send a journalist with a group of soldiers to a combat zone
mouthpiecenouna person, newspaper, or organization that represents the views of another person, a government, etc.
scoopnouna piece of news reported by a news agency sooner than other media channels or newspapers
anchornounsomeone who introduces news on a live TV or radio program by other broadcasters
contributornounsomeone who writes a piece to be published in a newspaper or magazine
The World of Music40 words
balladnouna tale that is narrated in the form of a song or poem
adagionouna movement or composition intended to be played at a slow tempo
instrumentaladjective(of music) made only by instruments and without vocals
ambientadjectiverelating to the type of music that emphasizes on tone and atmosphere rather than traditional structure
bar linenounan upright line that separates the bars in written music
clefnounany of the signs written on the left-hand end of a staff indicating the pitch of the notes
concertonouna musical composition that is written for one or more solo instruments and accompanied by an orchestra with three movements
opusnouna musical piece or collection that is written by a famous composer followed by the date in which it was created
discographynounall of the records or a list of the records that have been created by a particular singer, composer or musical band
etudenounan instrumental composition that is usually short and is intended for practice or demonstration of a skill
fingerboardnouna narrow flat part on the neck of a string instrument where the fingers press the strings to play various notes
headlineverbto be the star performer in a concert or performance
octavenounthe interval between the first and the last notes in eight diatonic degrees
monophonicadjectivedescribing sound transmission, recording or reproduction that is transferred through a single channel
refrainnouna repeated line or phrase in a poem or song, typically at the end of each stanza or verse
compositionnounthe act or process of creating written works, such as essays, poems, or music
acousticadjective(of a musical instrument) making a sound that is natural, not amplified
harmonicadjectivehaving blended sounds or tones that combine in a pleasing way
melodicadjectivehaving a tuneful, harmonious quality or arrangement of sounds
avant-gardeadjectiveinnovative, experimental, or unconventional in style or approach, especially in the arts
indieadjective(of a musical band) not associated with major labels or companies
solonouna musical piece written for one singer or instrument
duetnouna piece of music written for two performers
baritonenouna male singing voice that is classified between bass and tenor, characterized by a lower and richer tone
movementnounone of the main parts that a long musical work is divided into, having its own structure
chordnounthree or more musical notes that form a harmony when played together
measurenounany of the short sections consisting of musical beats located between two consecutive lines
scalenounan arrangement of a series of musical notes with specified intervals, in ascending or descending pitch order
encorenounan additional or repeated piece that is performed at the end of a concert, because the audience has asked for it
discordnounan unusual combination of musical notes that sound strange when played
dissonancenouna combination of notes or chords that sounds harsh or unstable
codanounthe final passage of an extended musical composition
compilationnounsomething such as a book, record, etc. that consists of different pieces taken from several sources
improviseverbto create and perform words of a play, music, etc. on impulse and without preparation, particularly because one is forced to do so
majoradjectivebased on a scale in which the interval between the third and the fourth notes and the seventh and the eighth notes is a half step
minoradjectivebased on a scale in which the interval between the second and the third notes, the fifth and the sixth notes and the seventh and eighth notes is a half step
intervalnouna dissimilarity in pitch between two notes
pitchnounthe degree of highness or lowness of a tone that is determined by the frequency of waves producing it
temponounthe speed that a piece of music is or should be played at
pluckverbto play a string instrument, such as a guitar, using the fingers or a plectrum
All About Literature40 words
novellanouna work of fiction with an intermediate length, which could be considered a short novel
chroniclenouna historical account of events presented in chronological order
odenouna lyric poem, written in varied or irregular metrical form, for a particular object, person, or concept
parodynouna piece of writing, music, etc. that imitates the style of someone else in a humorous way
fablenouna short story on morality with animal characters
haikunouna Japanese poem with three unrhymed lines that have five, seven and five syllables each
saganouna long story of heroic actions and bravery in old Norse or Icelandic in the Middle Ages, or a modern narrative resembling such a narrative
epigraphnouna quotation or phrase placed at the beginning of a book, chapter, or other written work, often to suggest a theme or context
limericknouna humorous poem of five anapestic lines with a rhyme scheme of AABBA
lyricismnounthe creative and imaginative expression of powerful feelings in art, poetry, music, etc.
prosenounspoken or written language in its usual form, in contrast to poetry
oeuvrenounthe collection of artistic or literary works produced by a particular painter, author, etc.
antagonistnounvillainous character who strongly opposes another person or thing
protagonistnounthe main character in a movie, novel, TV show, etc.
addendumnouna section of additional material that is usually added at the end of a book
forewordnouna short introductory section at the beginning of a book, usually written by someone other than the author
afterwordnouna part at the end of a book including some final words that may not be written by the author
stanzanouna series of lines in a poem, usually with recurring rhyme scheme and meter
sonnetnouna verse of Italian origin that has 14 lines, usually in an iambic pentameter and a prescribed rhyme scheme
conciseadjectivegiving a lot of information briefly and clearly
manneredadjectivebehaving in an artificial way that is too formal, trying to impress others
raunchyadjectivesexually explicit or morally obscene
highbrowadjectivescholarly and highly interested in cultural or artistic matters
sequelnouna book, movie, play, etc. that continues and extends the story of an earlier one
codexnounan ancient book, written by hand, especially of scriptures, classics, etc.
ghostwriternounan author whose work is published under someone else's name
humoristnounsomeone who is known for writing or telling humorous stories or jokes about real people and events
man of lettersnouna male literary author or scholar
satiristnouna person who writes or uses satires in order to criticize or humor someone or something
epicnouna long poem in narrative form giving an account of the extraordinary deeds and adventures of a nation's heroes or legends
parablenouna short, simple story that teaches a moral lesson
epigramnouna short poem or phrase that expresses a single thought satirically, often ending in a clever or humorous way
motifnouna subject, idea, or phrase that is repeatedly used in a literary work
characterizationnounthe way in which characters in a movie, book, etc. are created and represented by a writer
abridgeverbto make a book, play, etc. short by omitting the details and including the main parts
depictverbto describe a specific subject, scene, person, etc.
versenouna set of words that usually have a rhythmic pattern
canonicaladjective(of an author or literary work) accepted as highly acclaimed authors or pieces of literature, which are collectively referred to as the literary canon
floweryadjective(of writing or speech) full of literary or complicated words and phrases
tragediannouna playwright who writes tragedies
Discord & Agreement39 words
acquiescencenounwillingness to accept something or do what others want without question
treatynounan official agreement between two or more governments or states
consensusnounan agreement reached by all members of a group
inducementnounsomething given to someone in order to persuade or encourage them to do something particular
concordnounagreement and peace between people or a group of countries
abrogationnounthe act of officially abolishing or ending a law, agreement, etc.
capitulationnounthe act of not resisting something anymore and agreeing to it
breachnounan act that violates an agreement, law, etc.
collusionnounsecret agreement particularly made to deceive people
intercessionnounthe action of talking to someone so that they help settle an argument or show kindness to someone else
complaisancenounwillingness to do what makes others pleased and accept their opinions
bargaining chipnounanything that gives an advantage to a person or group when trying to reach an agreement
concordatnouna formal agreement, particularly one between a certain country and the Roman Catholic Church
ratificationnounthe act of validating an agreement by signing it or voting for it
renegeverbto act against an agreement, promise, etc.
realignverbto change one's opinions, beliefs, etc. to be like those of another person or group
submissivelyadverbin a manner that displays obedience
concordantadjectivefollowing an agreement
prevail onverbto persuade and convince a person to do something
uncontentiousadjectiveunlikely to cause an argument
covenantverbto legally agree or to promise to do or give something to someone, particularly to make regular payments to a person or organization
defer toverbto accept or agree to follow someone's decision, opinion, or authority, often out of respect or recognition of their expertise or position
concessionnounsomething granted or yielded, often reluctantly, in response to a demand or pressure
conventionnouna formal agreement between countries
arbitrationnounthe process in which a person is officially appointed to act as a judge and settle an argument
intermediarynounan organization or someone who helps others to reach an agreement
exhortationnouna verbal expression that features urging or encouraging someone to go after something
interventionnounthe involvement in a difficult situation in order to improve it or prevent it from getting worse
yieldverbto stop fighting something or someone
swayverbto encourage someone to do or believe something
retractverbto draw back from what was said publicly before; often by force
ruptureverbto cause an agreement or relation to be breached
settlementnounan official agreement that puts an end to a dispute
reconcileverbto make a person become friendly again with another after ending a disagreement or dispute
nullifyverbto legally invalidate an agreement, decision, etc.
coaxingadjectivepersuasive in a gentle manner
concedeverbto reluctantly admit that something is true after denying it first
compromiseverbto come to an agreement after a dispute by reducing demands
countenancenouna confirmation that is clearly expressed
Certainty & Likelihood25 words
certitudenounthe feeling of complete certainty
supposedlyadverbused to suggest that something is assumed to be true, often with a hint of doubt
notionaladjectivebeing solely based on imagination or theory rather that reality
surmisenounan idea or conclusion formed on the basis of limited or uncertain evidence
educated guessnouna guess that is made according to one's experience or knowledge thus is more likely to be true
conjecturenounan idea that is based on guesswork and not facts
guesstimateverbto estimate something by calculating and guessing
check oververbto inspect something closely to ensure accuracy, quality, or its overall condition
swear byverbto be certain that something is good or useful
speculativeadjectiveaccording to opinions or guesses instead of facts or evidence
second-guessverbto predict or anticipate an event or someone's reaction
reputedlyadverbused to say that something is true according to what people say, although it is uncertain
probabilisticadjectivebased on the likelihood of an event or outcome occurring
the dust [settle]phraseto allow or wait for a situation to become calmer or more stable after a significant change or serious dispute
paradoxicaladjectiveappearing contradictory or conflicting but potentially true
cross-checkverbto check the accuracy or validity of something by using alternative sources or methods
beyond doubtphrasein a way that is absolutely certain and cannot be questioned
if in doubtphraseused to offer advice or instructions to someone who is incapable of making decisions
long shotnounan attempt made without having any high hopes of achieving success
convictionnouna belief or opinion that is very strong
robustadjectiveremaining strong and effective even when facing challenges or difficulties
tentativeadjectivenot firmly established or decided, with the possibility of changes in the future
concreteadjectiveaccording to facts instead of opinions
foregone conclusionnounsomething that is assumed to be true or already decided upon before any evidence or arguments are presented
cinchnounsomething that will surely happen
Beliefs & World Views41 words
unanimitynouna situation in which all those involved are in complete agreement on something
advocateverbto publicly support or recommend something
confuteverbto prove something or someone wrong or false through evidence or argumentation
biasverbto unfairly influence or manipulate something or someone in favor of one particular opinion or point of view
altercationnouna noisy dispute
presuppositionnounsomething that one perceives to be true, even though it remains to be proved, especially at the beginning of an argument
accord withverbto agree with or correspond to something
bone of contentionphrasea subject over which people disagree
adversarynouna person that one is opposed to and fights or competes with
bickerverbto argue over unimportant things in an ongoing and repetitive way
concurrencenounthe state of being in agreement
approbationnounofficial approval or agreement
assentverbto agree to something, such as a suggestion, request, etc.
avowalnounan open declaration or affirmation of one’s opinions
conformitynounthe act of adhering to established norms, protocols, and standardized behaviors within a social system or institution
contentionnouna state of heated disagreement, often coming from different viewpoints or interests
deadlocknouna situation in which the parties involved do not compromise and therefore are unable to reach an agreement
dogmanouna belief or a belief system held by an authority who proclaims it to be undeniably true and expects immediate acceptance
extrapolationnouna projection about future events or hypothetical situations, drawn from known data, observations, or experience
feudnouna heated argument that lasts for a long time
schismnouna division between a group of people caused by their disagreement over beliefs or views
declamatoryadjectiveexpressing one's feelings in a dramatic and forceful way
incontestableadjectivetrue and therefore impossible to be denied or disagreed with
dialecticaladjectivereferring to the method of argumentation or discourse that involves the exchange of opposing ideas or viewpoints in order to reach a deeper understanding or resolution
disposedadjectiveready toward a course of action
vociferousadjectiveexpressing feelings or opinions, loudly and forcefully
scornverbto have no respect for someone or something because one thinks they are stupid or undeserving
ammunitionnouna set of facts or information that can be used to win an argument against someone or to criticize them
conformverbto adjust oneself in order to align with new or different circumstances or expectations
assertionnouna confident and forceful statement of fact or belief
differverbto disagree with someone or to hold different opinions, viewpoints, or beliefs
dissentnouna difference of opinion, especially from commonly accepted beliefs
dissidentnounsomeone who declares opposition to the government of one's country, knowing there is punishment for doing so
divergeverb(of views, opinions, etc.) to be different from each other
heresynounany opinion or belief that conflicts with the official or widely accepted position
pleadverbto state something as an excuse
anodyneadjectivenot likely to offend people or cause disagreement or tension
contradictoryadjective(of statements, beliefs, facts, etc.) incompatible or opposed to one another, even if not strictly illogical
evangelicaladjectivevery eager to persuade people to accept one's views or opinions
polemicadjectiveinvolving rational arguments to support or oppose an opinion, usually the opposite of others'
sustainverbto support an opinion, argument, theory, etc. or to prove it's credibility
Making Decisions35 words
accountabilitynounthe fact of being responsible for what someone does and being able to explain the reasons
acquittalnounan official judgment in court of law that declares someone not guilty of the crime they were charged with
adjudicatornounsomeone who makes a formal decision about who is right in an argument or dispute
volitionnounthe faculty to use free will and make decisions
leaningnouna tendency to believe in or favor something
grudgenouna deep feeling of anger and dislike toward someone because of what they did in the past
free willnounthe idea that human beings have the agency to decide independently without being controlled by any outside influences
dilemmanouna situation that is difficult because a choice must be made between two or more options that are equally important
deliberateverbto think carefully about something and consider it before making a decision
settle onverbto decide something, after considering all possible alternatives
take againstverbto start to dislike someone or something
unanimousadjective(of a group) fully in agreement on something
think oververbto consider a matter carefully before reaching a decision
incisiveadjectivecapable of quickly grasping complex topics and offer clear and insightful perspectives
finickyadjective(of a person) overly particular about small details, making one challenging to please
stipulateverbto specify that something needs to be done or how it should be done, especially as part of an agreement
adherencenounthe fact of complying with a command, order, impulse, etc. or following someone's rules and beliefs
advisoryadjectiveaiming to provide advice and suggestions
commendverbto speak positively about someone or something and suggest their suitability
heedverbto be attentive to advice or a warning
implicitadjectivesuggesting something without directly stating it
inadvisableadjectivenot recommended to do based on the particular situation
postulateverbto suggest or assume the existence or truth of something as a basis for reasoning, discussion, or belief
propoundverbto put an idea, proposition, theory, etc. forward for further consideration
prefigureverbto perceive something as a sign that indicates the occurrence of something good or evil
vetonouna vote or formal decision that prevents a proposal or measure from being approved
verdictnounan opinion given or a decision made after much consideration
partialitynounan unfair prejudice or bias toward an individual, group of people, etc.
put offverbto postpone an appointment or arrangement
rigorousadjective(of a rule, process, etc.) strictly followed or applied
prerequisitenounsomething that is required as a precondition for something else following
act onverbto adjust one's actions or behavior based on specific information, ideas, or advice
insinuateverbto suggest something in an indirect manner
indicateverbto show, point out, or suggest the existence, presence, or nature of something
promptverbto encourage someone to do or say something
Health Is Wealth39 words
regimennouna set of instructions given to someone regarding what they should eat or do to maintain or restore their health
radiancenouna happy, glowing look from being really healthy and feeling great on the inside
social distancingnounthe practice of keeping a safe distance between yourself and other people in order to prevent the spread of disease
handicappedadjectivehaving a physical or mental condition that limits one's movements, senses, or activities
impairmentnouna state or condition in which a part of one's body or brain does not work properly
quadriplegicnouna person who is paralyzed from neck down
paraplegianouna type of paralysis that affects the legs and the lower body as the result of spinal cord damage
hard of hearingphraseunable to hear properly
abnormalitynounan unusual feature in someone's body or behavior that may be harmful, caused by duplication or deletion of a single gene
unconsciousnessnounthe state of not being awake or aware of one's surroundings
afflictionnouna state of pain or suffering due to a physical or mental condition
agonynounsevere physical or mental pain
septicadjective(of a body part or wound) infected by harmful bacteria
chronicadjective(of an illness) difficult to cure and long-lasting
comatoseadjectivebeing in a state of coma or relating to coma
pathogennounany organism that can cause diseases
outbreaknounthe unexpected start of something terrible, such as a disease
maladynounany physical problem that might put one's health in danger
hereditaryadjective(of a disease or characteristic) able to be passed on to a child through the genes of its parents
fracturenouna crack or break in a bone or other hard substance
flatulentadjective(of a person) suffering from an excessive amount of gas in the alimentary canal
exacerbateverbto make a problem, bad situation, or negative feeling worse or more severe
emaciationnouna state of extreme thinness and weakness, often due to illness, starvation, etc.
anaerobicadjective(of physical exercise) involving short and intense physical activities, such as sprints and weightlifting, during which oxygen demand surpasses oxygen supply
circulationnounthe flow and movement of blood around and in all parts of the body
flourishverbto grow in a healthy and strong way
immunitynounthe situation in which the body can shield itself against a disease
strenuousadjectiverequiring great physical effort or energy
withdrawalnounthe sudden cut back on or discontinuation of drug taking
viraladjectivecaused by or related to a virus
virulentadjective(of a disease) able to make one sick
terminaladjective(of an illness) having no cure and gradually leading to death
traumanoundamage inflicted on the body as a result of an external force or event
seizurenouna sudden and unexpected start or return of a medical problem
aggressiveadjective(of sickness or disease) tending to spread in a rapid manner
succumbverbto die as a result of a disease or injury
remissionnouna period during which a patient's condition improves and the symptoms seem less severe
nauseousadjectivefeeling as if one is likely to vomit
deliriumnouna state of intense, uncontrolled enthusiasm or excitement that makes one say or do crazy things
Get Well Soon!41 words
tranquilizeverbto make a person or animal calm or unconscious using drugs, like sedatives
anesthesianounthe condition of losing one's sensation or awareness during surgery and other procedures, particularly by use of special drugs
biopsynounthe process of removing and analyzing tissue from the body of a sick person to learn more about their condition
catheternouna flexible tube inserted into one's bladder, to drain and collect urine
chiropractornounsomeone who treats diseases or physical problems by pressing or manipulating joints in the body
diagnosisnounthe identification of the nature and cause of an illness or other problem
immunizeverbto protect an animal or a person from a disease by vaccination
intravenousadjectiveadministered into or taking place in a vein
ointmentnouna substance, usually smooth and oily, rubbed on the skin for medical purposes
outpatientnouna patient who receives treatment in a hospital but does not remain there afterward
over-the-counteradjective(of drugs and medicines) available for purchase without a physician's prescription
recuperationnounthe gradual recovery through rest after sickness or injury
sanitariumnounan establishment or facility that treats people who have a chronic illness
swabverbto clean, apply medication to, or remove liquid from a wound using a swab
tourniquetnouna device, such as a bandage, piece of fabric, etc. that arrests bleeding by applying pressure to the wound
psychosisnouna severe mental condition in which the patient loses contact with external reality
neurosisnouna mental condition that is not caused by organic disease in which one is constantly anxious, worried, and stressed
acupressurenounan alternative therapy in which pressure is put on specific parts of the body with hands and fingers
acupuncturenouna method of treatment in which thin needles are inserted in specific spots on the body, originated in China
amputateverbto surgically remove a body part, such as a limb or organ, often due to injury, disease, or medical necessity
maladjustedadjectiveemotionally unstable and unable to cope with the requirements of a healthy social life
mindfulnessnouna mental state achieved by maintaining a moment-by-moment awareness of one's thoughts, feelings, etc., used as a therapeutic technique
antidotenouna substance that counteracts or controls the effects of a poison
gynecologynounthe branch of medicine that is concerned with diseases that are specific to women, especially those that affect their reproductive organs
rehabnounthe process of helping someone who has a problem with drugs or alcohol to lead a normal life again
pediatricsnounthe branch of medicine that is concerned with children and their conditions
quarantineverbto isolate a person or animal for a specific period due to illness, suspicion of illness, or to prevent the potential spread of a disease
sootheverbto reduce the severity of a pain
dosagenouna prescribed amount of medicine that is taken regularly
psychoanalysisnouna method of therapy used for mental conditions which consists of the patient opening up about their past and feelings in order to find the reason for their illness
febrileadjectivehaving the symptoms of a fever, such as high temperature, sweating, shivering, etc.
dischargeverbto allow a patient to leave the hospital because they have recovered and no longer need to receive inpatient care
dressverbto clean the wound properly and apply bandages in order to promote healing and to protect it from further harm
geriatricadjectivepertaining to the medical care or study of the elderly
pharmaceuticaladjectiverelated to the production, use, or sale of medicines
restorativeadjectiveable to promote or restore one's health or strength
stitchverbto join the edges of a wound together by a thread and needle
hypodermicnouna piston syringe with a long thin needle for injecting substances under the skin
psychoticadjective(of a mental condition) affecting brain processes so severely that makes one unable to tell the difference between reality and fantasy
infuseverbto slowly administer a drug or other substance through a needle or catheter into the bloodstream
reviveverbto make a person become conscious again
Build Castles in the Air!40 words
refinerynouna factory in which a natural substance such as oil or sugar is made pure by removing all other substances from it
belvederenouna small structure, gallery, or summerhouse that usually has an open side and provides an excellent view
cabananouna hut, shelter, or cabin, usually at a swimming pool or beach
crematoriumnouna building for burning the dead bodies of people, often as a funeral ceremony
bungalownouna one-story construction without stairs, usually with a low roof
lodgingnouna place that provides travelers with temporary accommodation
annexnouna building later added to a main building in order to provide more space
baseboardnouna long and narrow piece of wood attached to the bottom of the walls of a house
archwaynouna passage or entrance beneath an arch
chaletnouna wooden house with a steep sloping roof, often found in mountainous areas in Switzerland
en suitenouna bathroom that is directly connected to a bedroom
facadenounthe front of a building, particularly one that is large and has an elegant appearance
fixturenouna piece of equipment such as a bath that is permanently affixed inside a house or building and people cannot take it out when they move out
furnishverbto equip a room, house, etc. with furniture
igloonouna house or shelter in the shape of a dome that is built from blocks of ice or hard snow
lavatorynouna room that has one or more toilets
moldingnouna narrow piece of plaster, wood, or other material, used as decoration along the top of a wall, around a door, etc.
pantrynouna cupboard or small room, often next to kitchen, used for keeping food in
porchnouna structure with a roof and no walls at the entrance of a house
verandanouna roofed area with an open front at the ground level, which is attached to the side of a house
decornounthe way a room or building's interior is decorated
adjacentadjectivesituated next to or near something
bunkernouna shelter equipped with strong walls, often built underground, to protect soldiers or guns
colonnadenouna row of columns having equal distance from each other, often supporting a roof or arch
dilapidatedadjectivedamaged or deteriorated over time, often due to neglect or insufficient maintenance
amphitheaternounan open building that is round or oval in shape and has a space in the middle surrounded by several seats, originated in ancient Roman and Greek architecture used for public entertainments such as sports or drama
auditoriumnouna large building or hall where people are gathered to attend a concert, public speech, play, etc.
condominiumnouna building or a group of buildings in which individual units are owned privately, while common areas and facilities such as hallways, elevators, etc. are owned and managed by all residents
planetariumnouna building with a dome in which moving images of planets, starts, and constellations are projected for educational or entertainment purposes
brownstonenouna house, particularly found in New York City, that is built of, or with a front made of, a type of reddish-brown sandstone
duplexnounan apartment with two floors each with its own rooms connected by an internal staircase
conservatorynouna school or college that people attend to for studying music, theater, or some other form of art
cornicenounan ornamental border made of plaster or wood, often used around the top of a wall where it meets the ceiling
foyernouna small area inside the entrance of a private apartment or house, where people walk in immediately after they enter
mezzaninenounthe first floor above the ground floor in a theater where there are seats for the audience
atriumnouna large area typically with glass walls or roof in the middle of a building such a shopping center
erectverbto build or assemble a structure or object in an upright position
high-riseadjective(of buildings) having many floors
insulationnounthe materials that are used to cover something in order not to let heat, electricity, or sound to enter or escape through it
decknouna platform or floor that has a design that looks like a ship's deck
No Pain, No Gain38 words
viabilitynounthe ability of something to work successfully or be effective in practice
triumphnouna great victory, success, or achievement gained through struggle
track recordnoundata that shows the past performance of an organization, product, or person, often used as a basis of evaluation
synergynounthe teamwork of two people, organizations, or things that results in a greater outcome than their solo work
stepping stonenounany means of advancement that helps one to make progress towards achieving something
resolvenouna strong will to have or do something of value
prosperitynounthe state of being successful, particularly by earning a lot of money
prospectnounthe likelihood or possibility of something becoming successful in the future
pertinacitynounthe quality of having determination to continue doing or believing something in spite of any opposition or hardships
perseverancenounthe quality of persistently trying in spite of difficulties
infallibilitynounthe quality of never being wrong or making mistakes
feasibilitynounthe likelihood of a proposed plan or project being successfully executed
bring offverbto successfully accomplish a goal or manage to do something difficult
efficaciousadjectiveachieving the intended purpose or desired result
measure upverbto meet or exceed the established requirements or expectations in terms of quality, performance, or achievement
opportuneadjective(of a time) ideal for achieving a particular purpose or reaching success
overachieveverbto achieve great success beyond expectations and standards, particularly in a way that exhausts one
shoot forverbto attempt to achieve something, particularly a difficult goal
surmountverbto successfully overcome challenges or difficulties
furtherancenounthe process of helping something grow, develop, or become more successful
aspirationnouna valued desire or goal that one strongly wishes to achieve
streaknouna consecutive series of repeated actions or behaviors forming a consistent pattern or routine
primenounthe period during which someone or something is at their best in terms of achieving success or physical state
pinnaclenouna part of something that is considered the most prominent or successful
fruitionnounthe successful achievement of a goal or plan
footholdnounan early achievement paves the way for future progress
enterprisenounan enormous project that is part of a for-profit business
accreditverbto believe that someone deserves the credit for something
bounce backverbto regain health after an illness or become successful again after facing difficulties
breakthroughnounan important discovery or development that helps improve a situation or answer a problem
carveverbto manage to establish a career, reputation, etc. for oneself through hard work and dedication
come throughverbto succeed in overcoming a difficult or dangerous situation
practicalitynounthe quality of being realistic and practical rather than ideal or theoretical
striveverbto try as hard as possible to achieve a goal
thriveverbto grow and develop exceptionally well
drivenadjectiveshowing determination and ambition to achieve one's goals
zenithnouna period during which someone or something reaches their most successful point
eclipseverbto become more successful, important, or powerful that someone or something else in a way that they become unnoticeable
Hard Times36 words
at the expense ofprepositioncausing a negative consequence or cost to someone or something in order to benefit another
doomverbto intentionally cause something or someone to fail or experience a negative outcome by creating specific conditions
flatlineverbto remain the same and fail to make any progress
futileadjectiveunable to result in success or anything useful
in vainadverbwithout success or achieving the desired result
lost causenouna thing or person that is impossible to improve or succeed
nonentitynouna person who lacks influence or importance in a particular setting or community
overreachverbto go beyond limits of one's power or authority, often resulting in negative consequences or failure
plagueverbto continually cause someone or something difficulty, pain, or worry
scupperverbto do something in order to cause something such as an opportunity or plan to fail
setbacknouna problem that gets in the way of a process or makes it worse
talk downverbto speak to someone in a way that suggests they are inferior or less intelligent than the speaker
underdognounan individual, team, etc. who is regarded as weaker compared to others and has little chance of success as a result
unattainableadjectivenot possible to reach or obtain
to [fall] flatphrase(of a joke, remark, event, etc.) to be completely unsuccessful in amusing people or having the desired effect
to [miss] the markphraseto fail in achieving the desired result
abdicateverbto not accept or complete an obligation or duty
backfireverbto have a result contrary to what one desired or intended
deficiencynouna flaw, weakness, or shortcoming that reduces the effectiveness, quality, or completeness of something
eludeverbto cleverly avoid or escape from someone or something
fiasconouna quick and unexpected downfall
flounderverbto experience confusion, indecision, or difficulty in finding a solution
hasslenouna situation that is disturbing because it causes difficulty or problems
implodeverb(of a system, organization, etc.) to experience a sudden or dramatic failure
inauspiciousadjectiveputting someone or something at a disadvantage
inconveniencenoundifficulties caused by something that makes one irritated or uncomfortable
languishverbto fail to be successful or make any progress
miscarryverbto fail to achieve a desired outcome
patheticadjectivedeserving pity due to perceived weakness or sadness
precariousadjectiveunstable or insecure, often causing anxiety
strike outverbto not succeed in doing or accomplishing something
unravelverb(of a scheme, system, organization, etc.) to begin to fail or fall apart
break downverb(of a relationship, negotiation, etc.) to fail to function properly
fatallyadverbin a way that results in an absolute failure or disaster
hauntverbto stay in the thoughts of someone for a long time
implodeverbto bring about the destruction of a system, organization, etc.
Every Action Has a Reaction36 words
augmentationnounthe act or process of adding the amount, value, or size of something
bring aboutverbto be the reason for a specific incident or result
by-productnounsomething that happens incidentally and unexpectedly as a result of something else
causationnounthe action or process of causing a particular thing
causalitynounthe relationship between a cause and its effect
to [come] into effectphraseto start being used or having an impact
consequentadjectiveoccurring as a result of something particular
contributoryadjectiveplaying a part in causing something
cumulativeadjectiveincreasing gradually as more and more is added
effectualadjectivehaving the power to achieve a desired outcome or make a strong impression
ensuingadjectivefollowing something or resulting from it
eventuateverbto take place as an outcome
hereinadverbin this document, situation, place, etc.
repercussionnounan unintended effect of something, usually a negative and long lasting one
stem fromverbto originate from a particular source or factor
acutelyadverbwith a sharp or steep angle
bewareverbto warn someone to be cautious of a dangerous person or thing
escapadenouna thrilling yet potentially dangerous adventure, particularly one that people think is idiotic to embark on
hazardousadjectivepresenting danger or threat, particularly to people's health or safety
parlousadjective(of a condition) dangerous, terrible, or uncertain
precautionaryadjectivetaken in advance in order to avoid something dangerous or unpleasant from happening
quicksandnouna hazardous or difficult situation that is very hard to get out of
underlieverbto serve as the foundation or primary cause for something
aftereffectnounan effect that results from an action or event
aftermathnounthe situation that follows a very unpleasant event such as a war, natural disaster, accident, etc.
deteriorateverbto decline in quality, condition, or overall state
implyverbto suggest that one thing is the logical consequence of the other
induceverbto trigger a particular event, condition, or response
instigateverbto cause something to begin or occur
proliferateverbto cause something to increase rapidly in number or size
wherebyadverbused for indicating that something is done in accordance with the mentioned rule, approach, method, etc.
avertverbto prevent something dangerous or unpleasant from happening
triggerverbto cause something to happen
criticaladjective(of a problem or situation) very serious and possibly harmful that demands urgent attention or action
daredevilnounsomeone who is reckless and likes putting themselves in danger
spawnverbto cause something to be created, particularly in large numbers
Emotional Rollercoaster37 words
abashedadjectiveshowing embarrassment or discomfort due to a mistake or an awkward situation
abominateverbto hate something or someone intensely
abhorrencenouna feeling of extreme hatred or aversion toward something or someone
acrimoniousadjectiveincluding a lot of anger, harsh arguments and negative emotions
aghastadjectivefeeling terrified or shocked about something terrible or unexpected
agogadjectivefeeling or showing great interest and anticipation for something or someone
berserkadjectiveacting violently or irrationally due to extreme anger or excitement
broodverbto dwell on one’s troubles or worries in a depressed way
chuffedadjectivevery pleased, proud, or delighted about something
conscience-strickenadjectivefeeling guilty about something you have done or failed to do
contemptuousadjectivedevoid of respect for someone or something
cringeverbto draw back involuntarily, often in response to fear, pain, embarrassment, or discomfort
desolationnouna state of complete emptiness, loneliness, or devastation
despondencynounthe state of being unhappy and despairing
diffidencenounshyness due to a lack of confidence in oneself
disconcertverbto unsettle someone, causing them to become stressed or lose their confidence
disillusionedadjectivefeeling disappointed because someone or something is not as worthy or good as one believed
dismayverbto cause someone to feel shocked, worried, or upset
consternationnouna feeling of worry or shock after an unexpected, unpleasant event
drearyadjectiveboring and repetitive that makes one feel unhappy
dumbfoundverbto make someone feel greatly shocked or amazed so much that they are speechless
ecstaticadjectiveextremely excited and happy
empatheticadjectivehaving the ability to understand and share the feelings, emotions, and experiences of others
engrossedadjectivegiving one's full attention to something
exasperatedadjectivefeeling intense frustration, especially due to an unsolvable problem
exclamatoryadjectiveexpressing a strong and sudden emotion or reaction
exultverbto rejoice greatly or celebrate very cheerfully
famishedadjectivehaving a great need for food
fidgetyadjectiveunable to stay still and calm
flabbergastedadjectiveextremely surprised or astonished to the point of being speechless or confused
flusterverbto make someone feel nervous or uncomfortable, often by surprising or overwhelming them
frazzledadjectiveextremely tired, stressed, or overwhelmed
fretverbto be anxious about something minor or uncertain
ardornoundeep and passionate love or affection for someone
blitheadjectiveacting in a careless way without much thought about consequences
boggleverbto act very slowly when something difficult, unexpected, or confusing happens
drabadjectivelifeless and lacking in interest
Ups and Downs38 words
frissonnouna sudden, intense, and pleasurable feeling of excitement, shiver, fear, or thrill, often accompanied by a tingling sensation on the skin
gallingadjectivemarked by causing irritation and annoyance
gnaw atverbto cause someone persistent worry or discomfort
hot-bloodedadjectiveextremely quick to show how one feels inside; especially with strong emotions like anger and passion
hyperventilateverbto breathe at a very fast pace
idolatrousadjectivedisplaying intense admiration or devotion that surpasses rationality or reason
ignominynouna situation or event that causes embarrassment or a loss of respect, particularly when experienced in a public or widespread manner
inconsolableadjectivelacking the ability to be comforted due to being too sad or disappointed
indignationnouna feeling of anger or annoyance aroused by something unjust, unworthy, or mean
inquisitiveadjectivehaving a desire to learn many different things and asks many questions to gain knowledge or understanding
irascibilitynounthe quality of being short-tempered
loatheverbto dislike something or someone very much, often with a sense of disgust
moonstruckadjectivementally unbalanced, appearing irrational or dreamy
overwroughtadjectiveemotionally distressed and worked up
plaintiveadjectiveshowing sadness, typically in a mild manner
querulousadjectivefrequently or constantly finding fault and complaining
ravenousadjectiveexperiencing extreme hunger
revulsionnounthe feeling of hatred or disgust toward someone or something
ruefuladjectiveshowing sadness and regret inspired by compassion
seetheverbto feel extremely worried and angry internally while trying not to show it externally
sepulchraladjectivehaving a gloomy atmosphere that reminds one of tombs or graves
soulfuladjectiveexpressing a strong or sincere feeling that comes from within the heart
stupefyverbto really confuse someone by giving them information that is too complex or hard for them to understand
tantrumnounan emotional outburst, usually associated with anger or frustration, that involves screaming, crying, kicking, and sometimes even physical aggression
sulkverbto be in a bad mood and to remain silent and resentful due to feeling upset, angry, or disappointed
trepidationnouna state of nervousness or fear, anticipating that something bad may occur
tremulousadjective(of the voice or body) shaking in a slight, fragile manner, often due to nerves, fear, age or illness
unrequitedadjectivehaving a feeling or desire that is not returned in the same way by another person
woebegoneadjectivesorrowful in appearance, looking very sad or miserable
vexedadjectiveannoyed or irritated, feeling frustrated or troubled
raptadjectivefully absorbed or captivated by something
glarenouna steady and sharp stare that conveys anger, disapproval, or hostility
greednounan intense and selfish desire for something such as power and wealth
hysterianoungreat excitement, anger, or fear that makes someone unable to control their emotions, and as a result, they start laughing, crying, etc.
inhibitionnouna feeling of self-consciousness, restraint, or a limiting factor that hinders the free expression of one's thoughts, emotions, or actions
poignancynouna state that provokes bitter emotions like pity, regret, or sadness
subduedadjectivehaving a calm or restrained manner
somberadjectiveserious in mood, often reflecting sadness
Jekyll and Hyde35 words
zealousadjectiveshowing impressive commitment and enthusiasm for something
withdrawnadjective(of a person) unwilling to talk to other people or participate in social events
wastrelnouna person who is useful for nothing and spends resources wastefully
vivacitynounthe quality of being full of life and energy
vanitynounthe act of taking excessive pride in one's own achievements or abilities
valornouncharacteristic of being fearless in the face of danger; especially in a war
unflinchingadjectivenot backing off when things are becoming more challenging
timiditynounbeing too shy or lacking in self-confidence; often associated with fear of social judgment or making decisions
temeritynounthe quality of being foolishly or rudely bold
tauntverbto upset one by saying disrespectful things to them or constantly making fun of them
tactfuladjectivecareful not to make anyone upset or annoyed
suaveadjective(typically of men) very polite and charming
snideadjectivebeing indirectly offensive; typically through sarcastic or mocking remarks
assiduousadjectiveworking very hard and with careful attention to detail so that everything is done as well as possible
asinineadjectiveacting in a foolish or unintelligent manner
autocratnouna ruthless oppressor who has the absolute power of telling people what to do and not to do
belligerentadjectiveshowing a strong desire to fight
benevolentadjectiveshowing kindness and generosity
boisterousadjectivemarked by a lack of control or discipline
braggartnouna person who is always showing off the things they have in a way that may come across as annoying or exaggerated
chivalrousadjectivebehaving politely with charm and respect; typically used for men
connivingadjectiveengaging in unethical, harmful, or even illegal planning for a goal at the expense of others
courteousadjectivebehaving with politeness and respect
debauchedadjectiveoccupying oneself with sensual pleasure to an extent that is not morally appropriate
dim-wittedadjectivelacking intelligence or sharpness in thinking
egoismnounthe practice of placing one's own needs and desires above those of others
fatuousadjectiveextremely thoughtless and foolish in speech or action
fortitudenounmental and emotional strength and resilience in facing adversity, challenges, or difficult situations
genialadjectivecharacterized as kind, friendly, and carefree
nuisancenounsomething or someone that causes trouble and annoyance
sordidadjectiverelating to a disgraceful and corrupted action
benignadjectivefriendly and not intended to harm or hurt others
briskadjectivequick and energetic in movement or action
conscientiousadjectiveacting in accordance with one's conscience and sense of duty
deviousadjectiveusing crafty and clever methods to achieve goals or avoid negative consequences
Pass With Flying Colors38 words
alma maternounthe university, college, or school that one used to study at
alumnanouna former female student or pupil of a school, university, or college
alumnusnouna person, particularly a male one, who is a former student of a college, university, or school
colloquiumnouna formal and academic conference or seminar
collegiateadjectiverelating to a college or its students
commencementnouna formal ceremony marking the completion of an academic program, typically involving the awarding of diplomas or degrees to students who have successfully completed their studies
convocationnouna gathering of individuals who have come together in response to an official call; often for a specific purpose
cum laudeadverb(in the US) with the third highest level of distinction achievable by a student
curricularadjectiverelating to the topics that a course of study in a school or college consists of
summa cum laudeadverb(in the US) with the highest level of distinction achievable by a student
demeritnouna point against someone for a fault or wrongdoing, often used in educational or disciplinary contexts
dissertationnouna long piece of writing on a particular subject that a university student presents in order to get an advanced degree
expulsionnounthe act of expelling or forcing someone to leave a particular place, especially a school
entrantnounany individual or entity that is newly participating in a particular activity or competition
endowmentnounmoney or property donated to an institution, the income from which is used for its support
General Equivalency Diplomanounan official certificate in the US that people who did not complete high school can obtain by taking some classes and successfully passing a test, which is the equivalent of the actual high school diploma
headmasternouna person, typically a man, who is in charge of a school
invigilateverbto monitor, especially during an examination, to ensure that rules are followed and cheating is prevented
Ivy Leaguenouna group of eight private institutions of higher education in the United States known for their academic excellence, selective admissions policies, and competitive sports programs
literacynounthe capability to read and write
magnet schoolnoun(the United States) a public school that is designed to offer specialized programs beyond the standard curriculum; typically located in a large city
matriculateverbto officially enroll or register as a student at a school, college, or university
prospectusnouna descriptive catalog or booklet providing information about the courses, programs, and other offerings available at a college or university
scholasticadjectiveassociated with schools, education, or the academic environment
sophomorenouna student at a high school or university in their second year of education
sororitynouna social club for female students in a university or college, especially in the US and Canada
tertiary collegenoun(Britain) an educational institution that offers courses and programs for individuals aged 16 and above; typically providing further education beyond secondary school or high school
vocationaladjectiveinvolving the necessary knowledge or skills for a certain occupation
syllabusnouna document that outlines the topics, assignments, and expectations for a course
studiousadjectivevery passionate about studying or reading
conferverbto give an official degree, title, right, etc. to someone
magna cum laudeadverb(in the US) with the second highest level of distinction achievable by a student
disciplinaryadjectiverelated to a specific branch of knowledge or academic field
electiveadjectiverelated to a course, activity, or option that is not mandatory
grammar schoolnouna type of school that typically provides education for young children in the first six or eight grades
suspendverbto temporarily prevent someone from going to school as a punishment because they did something wrong
recessnouna scheduled break between lessons or classes in a school; allowing students to engage in relaxing activities
tenurenouna secure and permanent employment contract that ensures job stability; often granted to professors or teachers
Don't Do the Crime, If You Can't Do the Time!40 words
wardennounthe official in charge of a prison or correctional facility, responsible for overseeing the administration, security, and well-being of inmates
vigilantenounan individual or group of individuals who take the law into their own hands, acting outside the legal system to enforce their version of justice or address perceived wrongs
trespassverbto enter someone's land or building without permission
alibinounproof that indicates a person was somewhere other than the place where a crime took place and therefore could not have committed it
blackmailverbto gain money, property, or some advantage by threatening someone
bootlegverbto sell or distribute illicit products, such as drugs, alcohol, or counterfeit goods
capital punishmentnounthe killing of a criminal as punishment
thieverynounthe act of stealing something from someone or somewhere
swindleverbto use deceit in order to deprive someone of their money or other possessions
statutory rapenouna nonforced sexual intercourse with a person under the age of consent
solitary confinementnounthe practice of isolating a prisoner in a small, often windowless cell, with minimal human contact or environmental stimulation, as a form of punishment or for security reasons
carjackingnounthe act of violently stealing a car while someone is inside it
colludeverbto cooperate secretly or illegally for deceiving other people
complicitynounthe act of participating in a crime or wrongdoing along with another person or group
confiscateverbto officially take away something from someone, usually as punishment
contrabandnoungoods or items whose importation, exportation, or possession is prohibited by law
embezzleverbto secretly steal money entrusted to one's care, typically by manipulating financial records, for personal use or gain
entrapmentnoun(law) a practice in which government officials persuade someone to commit a crime that one would not have done by choice
exileverbto force someone to live away from their native country, usually due to political reasons or as a punishment
extraditeverbto send someone accused of a crime to the place where the crime happened or where they are wanted for legal matters
forgerynounthe criminal act of making a copy of a document, money, etc. to do something illegal
furloughnouna temporary release of a convict from prison
gaslightverbto manipulate someone into questioning their own perceptions, memories, or sanity, often by denying or distorting the truth
genocidenouna mass murder committed in order to destroy a particular nation, religious or ethnic group, or race
grand larcenynounthe act of stealing a property that exceeds a certain value lawfully which is considered a serious crime
guillotinenouna device for beheading, featuring a tall frame with a suspended blade released to swiftly sever the condemned person's head
incarcerateverbto confine someone in prison or a similar facility due to legal reasons or as a form of punishment
incriminateverbto provide evidence or information that suggests a person's involvement in a crime or wrongdoing
informantnounone that secretly provides information about something or someone for the police or investigators
intrudernouna person who breaks into someone else's property; often with a criminal intention
kidnapverbto take someone away and hold them in captivity, typically to demand something for their release
misdemeanornounan action that is considered wrong or unacceptable yet not very serious
mugshotnouna photographic portrait taken by law enforcement agencies of a person who has been arrested, typically taken at the time of booking and used for identification purposes
treasonnounthe act of betraying one's country by rebelling against its government
appropriationnounthe use of elements from one culture by another, often without permission
batterynounthe intentional and unlawful physical contact or harm inflicted on another person
stalkverbto follow, watch, or pursue someone persistently and often secretly, causing them fear or discomfort
defamationnouna false statement damaging a person's reputation
hustleverbto convince or make someone do something
launderverbto make some alterations in order to make something that has been obtained illegally, especially money and currency appear legal or acceptable
Take the Law into Your Hands!40 words
affidavitnouna written statement affirmed by oath that can be used as evidence in court
acquitverbto officially decide and declare in a law court that someone is not guilty of a crime
annulmentnouna legal process of declaring a marriage or any type of official contract null and void as if it had never existed
countersignverbto add a second signature to a document or agreement to verify its authenticity; serving as a form of validation of the primary signature
cuffverbto restrain someone by securing their wrists together, often using a device, commonly done by law enforcement during an arrest or to maintain control
debenturenouna financial pact with details about interest rates and when the borrowed money will be paid back, not tied to any specific belongings
decreenounan official authoritative decision or judgment, especially one made by a government or the ruler of a country
impeachmentnounthe process of a governmental figure bringing charges against a government official and marking the first step toward potential removal from office
indictmentnouna formal accusation of a crime
tribunalnouna group of certified people who are chosen to examine legal problems at the court
inquestnounan official investigation that is held in front of a jury; especially in cases associated with death by unnatural causes
intestacynounthe condition of dying without a valid will, leaving the distribution of one's estate to be determined by the laws of intestate succession rather than specific instructions in a will
judiciarynounthe part of a country's government that administers the legal system, including all its judges
legislaturenouna group of elected officials responsible for making and changing laws in a government or state
litigateverbto initiate legal action against another party or person
magistratenouna person who acts as a judge in a law court and deals with minor offenses
parolenoun(law) the permission for a prisoner to leave prison before the end of their imprisonment sentence, on the condition of good conduct
plaintiffnouna person who brings a lawsuit against someone else in a court
proceedingsnounactions taken in a court of law in order to settle an argument
prosecutionnounthe process of bringing someone to court in an attempt to prove their guilt
waivernounan official statement according to which one gives up their legal right or claim
testimonynouna formal statement saying something is true, particularly made by a witness in court
statutenounan officially written and established law
testifyverbto make a statement as a witness in court saying something is true
abide byverbto follow the rules, commands, or wishes of someone, showing compliance to their authority
remandverbto send a case back to a court of lower authority for additional reconsideration or review
bindingadjectivelegally required to be followed and cannot be avoided
conveyancenouna legal document that transfers a right or property from one person to another
draw upverbto create a plan, document, or written agreement, often in a formal or official context
enforceverbto ensure that a law or rule is followed
infringeverbto violate someone's rights or property
legislationnouna formal rule or collection of rules enacted by a governing authority
legitimateadjectiveofficially allowed or accepted according to the rules or laws that apply to a particular situation
memorandumnouna document outlining the terms of understanding or agreement between parties, often used in legal or business contexts
overturnverbto reverse, abolish, or invalidate something, especially a legal decision
pardonverbto discharge a criminal from the legal consequences of a conviction or violation
pleadverbto state in a court of law, in front of the judge and the jury, whether someone is guilty or not guilty of a crime
provisionnounan agreed-upon condition or requirement outlined in an agreement, law, or document
voidverbto announce that something is no longer legally valid or binding
upholdverb(particularly of a law court) to state that a previous decision is correct
House of Cards41 words
utopianounan imaginary state or location where everything is perfect
conservatismnouna political belief with an inclination to keep the traditional values in a society by avoiding changes
utilitarianismnounthe doctrine that the best measure or decision is the one that satisfies the majority of people
apoliticaladjectivehaving no interest or involvement in politics
bilateraladjectiveconcerning two groups or countries
centralismnouna political system that invests all the power and authority on a single prominent organization
tyrantnouna ruler or leader who has absolute power and uses it in a cruel and oppressive way, without any regard for the rights or well-being of others
swing votenounan unpredictable vote that belongs to a person or party which has a crucial influence on the results of an election
straw pollnounan unofficial test of opinion that includes a number of people who give their opinion about something or say whether or not they intend to participate in an election
coalitionnounan alliance between two or more countries or between political parties when forming a government or during elections
confederationnouna union or league of political entities or organizations, often for common purposes
constituencynouna group of people in a specific area who elect a representative to a legislative position
constitutionaladjectiverelating to or in accordance with the rules laid out in a constitution, which is a set of fundamental laws for a country or organization
demagoguenouna politician who appeals to the desires and prejudices of ordinary people instead of valid arguments in order to gain support
destabilizeverbto make something uncertain by introducing changes that disrupt its stability
diplomacynounthe job, skill, or act of managing the relationships between different countries
electoratenounthe group of people who are eligible to vote in an election
enfranchiseverbto grant the right of voting to a person or group
fanaticnounan overenthusiastic individual, especially one who is devoted to a radical political or religious cause
federalismnouna political system in which a central government controls the affairs of each self-governed state
feudalismnouna social and land-owning system in medieval Europe in which people were granted land and protection by a nobleman in exchange, they had to fight and work for him
frontiernounan area located at a border, where two countries or regions meet
geopoliticsnounthe study of how geography influences global political and economic interactions
imperialismnouna system in which one country controls or has influence over other countries, often by winning wars against them
isolationismnounthe political practice of only being concerned with one's home country and not getting involved in international affairs
interventionismnouna political approach advocating the government participation in other nations' affairs or influencing the economy of its own country
legislativeadjectiverelating to the making and passing of laws by government bodies
liberalismnounthe political belief that promotes personal freedom, democracy, gradual changes in society, and free trade
manifestonouna written public declaration of intentions, opinions, and objectives, often issued by a political party, a government, or a group of individuals with a shared interest or purpose
pacifismnounthe ideology that advocates the unjustifiable nature of war or any other act of violence, and seeks out peace
oligarchynouna political system in which a small group of high-powered people control a country or organization
reactionaryadjectivestrongly against any political or social changes or any new ideas
parliamentaryadjectiverelating to a form of government where the legislature, known as parliament, has significant control over making laws and monitoring the government
populismnouna type of politics that purports to represent the opinions and desires of ordinary people in order to gain their support
propagandanouninformation and statements that are mostly biased and false and are used to promote a political cause or leader
wingnounmembers of a political party or other organization who have a certain function or share certain views
bureaucracynouna system of government that is controlled by officials who are not elected rather employed
canvassverbto seek or gather opinions by asking questions or conducting a survey
cabinetnounsenior members of a government who make decisions and control the policy of the government
egalitariannouna person who believes in or advocates for the principle of equality, especially in regards to social, political, and economic affairs
inaugurationnouna formal ceremony at which a person is admitted to office
Café Society35 words
acculturationnounthe process of cultural exchange and adaptation when individuals or groups from different cultures come into contact, leading to changes in their respective cultural patterns
apartheidnouna system where people are treated differently or separated based on their race, ethnicity, or other characteristics
aristocracynounpeople in the highest class of society who have a lot of power and wealth and usually high ranks and titles
bourgeoisienounthe society's middle class
class-consciousadjectivefully aware of the ranking system that distinguishes the general public
hierarchicaladjectiverelating to a system that is organized based on social ranking or levels of authority
ethnicitynounthe state of belonging to a certain ethnic group
overlordnounsomeone who is in a position of power, especially in the past
politynounthe specific form or system of government of a society or institution
castenouna system that divides the people of a society into different social classes based on their wealth, privilage, or profession
supremacistnounsomeone who believes that a particular group of people, especially one determined by sex, religion, or race, is better than other groups and should dominate them
political asylumnounthe protection that a country grants to someone who has fled their home country because of political reasons
benefactornouna person who gives money or support to help others
class strugglenounthe conflict of interests between different social classes in a society, as mentioned in Marxist ideology
deportationnounthe expulsion of a non-citizen or foreigner from a country, often for being undesirable or violating laws
discriminationnounthe practice of treating a person or different categories of people less fairly than others
homophobianounhatred, antipathy, or prejudice toward homosexuals
impoverishverbto take away a person or a country's riches to the point of poverty
intersectionaladjectiverelated to the social categories such as gender, race, sexuality, or age and the way they can extend over the experiences of an individual belonging to an oppressed population
marginalizeverbto treat a person, group, or concept as insignificant or of secondary or minor importance
naturalizeverbto grant citizenship to a foreigner
paritynouna state in which two or more things are equal
penurynouna state of being exceedingly poor and in need
positive discriminationnounthe act of enhancing different opportunities for the people who have been treated as inferior due to belonging to a specific social category like race, sex, and etc. in a society
quota systemnouna system that allows a limited number of immigrants to officially enter a country annually
slumlordnounan owner of a house of land in a location where people are exceedingly poor and have really bad living conditions, who demands rents more than one can afford
social consciencenounan awareness of other people's pain and problems who have a bad condition in the society and feeling a sense of duty to take care of them
bigotrynounthe fact of having or expressing strong, irrational views and disliking other people with different views or a different way of life
unrestnouna political situation in which there is anger among the people and protests are likely
stratumnouna group of people with similar social standing, education, or income
demographicnounthe statistical characteristics of a population, such as age, gender, and ethnicity
subsistencenouna situation in which one has just enough money or food to survive
segregateverbto employ a system that sorts out people in the society based on their race or religion
displaceverbto make someone leave their home by force, particularly because of an unpleasant event
elitenouna small group of people in a society who enjoy a lot of advantages because of their economic, intellectual, etc. superiority
Fight Fire With Fire40 words
vanquishverbto defeat someone completely and decisively
wageverbto participate in and carry out a specific action, such as a war or campaign
troopernouna soldier of low rank who is a member of the military unit that uses either strong covering or vehicles protected by them
trucenounan agreement according to which enemies or opponents stop fighting each other for a specific period of time
barracksnouna building or a set of buildings for soldiers to live in
battalionnouna military unit composed of a varying number of companies or platoons, typically commanded by a lieutenant colonel
bloodshednounnnecessary spilling of blood, typically resulting from battles, conflicts, or acts of aggression
blockadenouna military action where the enemy is prevented from letting people or equipment through a certain area; often enforced with armed forces
brigadenouna large group of trained soldiers that is smaller than a division
brigadier generalnounan officer in the army who is ranked between a colonel and a major general
admiralnounthe highest-ranking officer in a fleet
ambushverbto wait in a concealed location and launch a surprise attack on a target
armamentnounthe military equipment and weaponry used by a country or military force
assassinateverbto murder a prominent figure in a sudden attack, usually for political purposes
cavalrynouna group of soldiers in an army who fight by armored vehicles
ceasefirenouna temporary peace during a battle or war when discussions regarding permanent peace is taking place
cold warnouna state of unfriendly relationship between two states which are not openly at war with each other
conspireverbto make secret plans with other people to commit an illegal or destructive act
court martialnouna legal procedure for military personnel who break military laws; leading to charges against them
curfewnounan order or law that prohibits people from going outside after a specific time, particularly at night
evacuationnounthe action of transferring people or being transferred to somewhere else to be safe from a dangerous situation
garrisonnouna military stronghold where soldiers are stationed for defense
infiltrateverbto secretly enter an organization or group with the aim of spying on its members or gathering information
legionarynouna soldier who fights in a very large group that is a part of an army called legion
mercenarynouna professional soldier hired to serve in a foreign army, often motivated by payment rather than ideological or national allegiance
maraudernouna person or an animal that wanders around in search of places to destroy, people to kill and steal from
militianouna military group consisting of civilians who have been trained as soldiers to help the army in emergencies
mobilizeverb(of a state) to organize and prepare for a military operation
pillageverbto plunder, typically during times of war or civil unrest
rebellionnounan organized action, usually violent, against an authority, attempting to bring about a change
veterannouna former member of the armed forces who has fought in a war
accordnounan official agreement between two countries or groups of people
blitzverbto carry out a sudden and intense military attack
bombardverbto drop bombs on someone or something continuously
ammunitionnounbullets, shells, or other projectiles used in firearms
civiliannouna person who is not a member of or not on active duty in armed forces or the police
conquerverbto gain control of a place or people using armed forces
contingentnouna group of military personnel sent to join a larger force
coupnounan unexpected, illegal, and often violent attempt to change a government
incendiarynouna device created to cause explosion and fire in order to completely destroy something
A Cold Day in Hell40 words
Zennouna school of Mahayana Buddhism, originally formed in Japan, emphasizing the value of meditation and intuition rather than reading religious scripts or ritual worship
agnosticismnoununcertainty or lack of commitment regarding the existence of deities or the ability to know and comprehend the nature of ultimate reality
atheismnounthe belief that rejects the existence of God or a higher power
the Trinitynoun(in Christianity) the concept of God as Father, Son, and Holy Spirit
theologynounthe study of religions and faiths
animismnounthe belief in spirits residing within natural elements, objects, and living beings
theismnounthe belief in the existence of one or more gods or deities
baptismnouna Christian ceremony during which water is poured on someone or they are immersed into water to welcome them to the Church
bar mitzvahnouna Jewish ceremony for a boy when he turns 13, marking his transition to being considered an adult in the Jewish community
secularismnounthe doctrine that separates the state from religious associations
spiritualismnounthe belief that the human spirit or soul can survive after death and communicate with the living
asceticismnouna practice that advocates letting go of all the material, mortal, or pleasurable things in order to enrich one's faith and spiritual abilities
archbishopnouna bishop of the highest rank who is responsible for all the churches in a specific large area
christeningnouna Christian religious ceremony during which a baby is named and admitted to the Christian Church
clergynounpeople who are officially chosen to lead religious services in a church or other religious institution
commemorativeadjectiveacting as something like a statue or structure that is established to remind others of a person or event
congregationnouna group of people who gather in a church to say prayers
consecrationnounact or ceremony of declaring something sacred or dedicated to a divine purpose, particularly in Christianity
crucifixnouna cross with a image or statue of Jesus on it
deitynouna supernatural figure that is worshipped like a god or goddess
ecclesiasticnouna male priest, religious leader, or minister; especially a Christian one
effigynouna physical illustration of someone, especially a graven image or statue, often life-size
epistlenounany of the letters in the New Testament, written by the apostles
exorcismnounthe religious or spiritual practice of driving out evil spirits or entities from a person or place
gurunouna religious leader or teacher in Buddhism, Hinduism, or Sikhism
hermitnouna person who lives a very simple life in solitude as a religious practice
hereticnounsomeone with beliefs against the doctrines of a particular religion
hymnnouna religious song intended to praise God, especially sung by Christians in congregation
reincarnationnounthe belief that after someone’s death, their spirit comes back to life in the form of a new body, especially in Buddhism and Hinduism
judaicadjectiverelated to the Jew and their faith, religion, or culture
martyrnounsomeone who is killed because of their beliefs
lamanouna Mongolian or Tibetan Buddhist monk
monasticadjectiverelating to people like monks, nuns, etc. who voluntarily made a public sacred promise to dedicate their life to a special duty
pantheismnounthe belief that God and the universe are one and the same, considering the entire natural world as a divine expression of God
polytheismnounthe belief in or worship of multiple gods or deities
almightyadjectivehaving the absolute power and ability to do anything
biblicaladjectiverelated to or derived from the Bible
gospelnounany of the four books of the New Testament that is about the life and teachings of Jesus Christ
kosheradjective(of food) prepared according to Jewish law
halaladjective(of food) prepared according to Islamic law
Paranoid Android40 words
analogadjectiverelating to or using signals in which information is represented through constant changing of physical quantities
trojan horsenouna harmful program that pretends to be legitimate and can give unauthorized access to a device
source codenouna text containing instructions in a specific order that supports a programming language which human can read and it specifies the behaviors of a computer system
beta versionnouna test version of software released to users to find and fix bugs before the final release
bootstrapnouna program that automatically loads and initializes the operating system on a computer
compatibilitynounthe ability of a computer, software, or equipment to work with another device or software
corruptverbto cause errors or damage to a digital file, program, or system, either intentionally or unintentionally, due to a malfunction or interference
cyberspacenounthe non-physical space in which communication over computer networks takes place
donglenouna small hardware device that connects to a computer, smartphone, or other electronic device to provide additional functionality
read-only memorynouna type of non-volatile memory in a computer or electronic device where data is permanently stored
proxy servernouna server that acts as an intermediary between a user's device and the internet, forwarding requests and responses to enhance security, privacy, or performance
open-sourceadjective(computing) describing a computer program whose source code is available to everyone
overloadnouna condition where an electrical system or device receives more current than it can safely handle
intranetnouna private network within an organization for internal communication, collaboration, and resource sharing among members
interfacenoun(computing) the program through which a user can interact with a computer, especially its design and appearance
encryptverbto convert data or information into a coded form, mainly to prevent unauthorized access
codecnouna technology that compresses and decompresses audio or video data; facilitating efficient storage, transmission, and playback of multimedia content
firmwarenoun(computing) a type of software stored in a way that it cannot be modified or erased
clock speednounthe speed at which a computer can process information, expressed in (MHz)
bytenouna unit for measuring the size of computer data that equals 8 bits
read-onlyadjectivecharacterized by a mode in which data or a file is accessible for viewing but cannot be modified or altered
local area networkphrasea network for communication between computers, usually within a building
random-access memorynouna type of computer memory tasked with temporarily storing data for a quicker access
graphical user interfacenounthe visual interaction that users have with the computer through icons, menus, etc.
authenticateverbto verify a device, user, or process before an access to the computer's resources is allowed
bootverbto start a computer, typically involves setting up hardware elements to prepare the computer for use
cachenoun(computing) a type of computer memory in which information that is often in use can be stored temporarily, a cache can be accessed quickly and is needed while a program is running
clipboardnoun(computing) a temporary storage area for data that has been copied or cut
configurationnounthe set-up, hardware, and software of a computer that makes a complete system
diagnosticnouna tool that analyzes and identifies issues, errors, or problems within the software or system
disassembleverbto convert machine code back into human-readable assembly language or source code for analysis or modification
routernounan electronic device that connects computer networks and sends data between networks
piracynoununauthorized reproduction, distribution, or use of copyrighted materials, such as software, music, movies, or books
patchnouna small piece of code or update applied to existing software to fix issues, enhance functionality, or address vulnerabilities
maliciousadjective(of software or a code) intentionally designed to harm, damage, or disrupt computer systems, networks, or data
generateverbto create a new set of data by using a mathematical or logical process to transform an existing set of data
binarynouna numerical system that uses only two digits, 0 and 1, as its base
ripverbto extract audio or video content from a physical medium, such as a CD or DVD and convert it into a digital format for storage or playback
stacknouna data structure that removes data in the reverse order of saving them and serves as a temporary storage
troubleshootverbto identify, analyze, and resolve problems or malfunctions in a system, device, or process to restore it to proper functioning
Scientifically Speaking40 words
zoologynouna branch of science that deals with animals
botanynounthe scientific study of plants, their structure, genetics, classification, etc.
antigennounany foreign substance in the body that can trigger a response from the immune system
cortisolnouna steroid hormone that the body produces and is used in medicine to help cure skin diseases
fetusnounan offspring of a human or animal that is not born yet, particularly a human aged more than eight weeks after conception
gene poolnounall of the genes that are available within breeding populations of a particular species of animal or plant
genomenounthe complete set of genetic material of any living thing
incubationnounthe controlled maintenance of a specific temperature; fostering optimal conditions for the development of organisms, processes, or materials
lymphnouna colorless liquid consisting of white blood cells that helps to prevent infections from spreading
membranenouna thin sheet of tissue that separates or covers the inner parts of an organism
neurotransmitternouna chemical substance that transmits messages from a neuron to another one or to a muscle
symbiosisnouna close and often long-term interaction between two different species living in close physical association, typically to the advantage of both
pigmentationnounthe natural coloring of tissues, surfaces, or structures; contributing to the characteristic hues or tones observed in animals, plants, or human beings
physiologynounthe field of science that studies the function or interactions among organisms
ovulateverb(of a female animal or human) to produce an ovum from the ovary
metabolismnounthe chemical processes through which food is changed into energy for the body to use
carbon datingnouna method used for measuring how old an organic material is by calculating the amount of carbon they contain
cyberneticsnounthe study of how communication and control work in living organisms and machines, focusing on information flow, feedback, and system regulation
pathologynouna branch of medical science primarily focusing on the study of the causes and effects of disease or injury
aerodynamicsnounthe study of the behavior of air as it interacts with solid objects, particularly the flow of air around and through objects, and the effects of this interaction on the objects
vacuumnouna space that is utterly empty of all matter
refractionnounthe bending of the wave's path as it passes from one medium to another; caused by a change in its speed or direction
nuclear fissionnounthe process or action of splitting a nucleus into two or more parts resulting in the release of a significant amount of energy
nuclear fusionnoun(physics) the reaction in which two nuclei join together and produce energy
momentumnounthe strength of a moving object determined by multiplying how heavy it is by how fast it is going
isotopenouneach of two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei, leading to variation in atomic mass
kineticadjectiverelating to the energy associated with motion or movement, emphasizing the dynamic state of objects in action
synthesisnounthe act of producing a substance that exists in living beings
clonenouna cell or a group of cells created through a natural or artificial process from a source that they are genetically identical to
dominantadjective(of genes) causing a person to inherit a particular physical feature, even if it is only present in one parent's genome
mutateverbto experience genetic changes
specimennouna representative or characteristic sample that is examined or analyzed to gain insights or understanding of a particular group or category
secreteverb(of a cell, gland, or organ) to produce and release a liquid substance in the body
propagationnounthe process of natural multiplication; representing the expansion of a population over time
nucleusnoun(biology) the part of a cell that contains most of the genetic information
vivisectionnounthe scientific and experimental operations performed on live animals
volatileadjectivehaving a tendency to change rapidly and unpredictably, often characterized by fluctuations or instability
thermaladjectiverelated to heat or temperature, including how heat moves, how materials expand with temperature changes, and the energy stored in heat
particlenoun(physics) any of the smallest units that energy or matter consists of, such as electrons, atoms, molecules, etc.
oscillateverbto move back and forth repeatedly between two points or positions
You DO the Math!32 words
asymmetrynoun(geometry) a lack of symmetry or equivalence in shape or size between the two sides or parts of something
calculusnounthe branch of mathematics that comprises differentials and integrals
chaos theorynoun(mathematics) an interdisciplinary theory about complex systems that obey particular laws but appear to have little or no order
game theorynouna branch of mathematics that studies the strategies of dealing with competitive situations involving conflict of interests, especially in business, war, etc.
trigonometrynouna branch of mathematics that deals with the relationships between the angles and sides of triangles
parabolanoun(geometry) a symmetrical open curve that is similar to the path of an object thrown into the air passes till it falls back to earth
equationnoun(mathematics) a statement indicating the equality between two values
diameternouna straight line from one side of a round object, particularly a circle, passing through the center and joining the other side
coaxialadjectiverelated to a configuration where two or more components share a common axis or same center point
chronographnouna device used to measure and record precise time intervals
overhaulverbto examine, repair, and make significant improvements or changes to something
ohmmeternouna device used for measuring electrical resistance in a circuit, stated in ohms
microchipnouna small piece of material that is a semiconductor, used to make an integrated circuit
levernouna long rigid bar that is put under a heavy object in order to move it
insulatornouna substance that doesn't conduct heat, sound, etc.
differential calculusnouna branch of mathematics that focuses on studying rates of change and instantaneous variations through the concept of derivatives
logarithmnouna mathematical function that represents the exponent to which a fixed number, called the base, must be raised to produce a given number
ordinalnouna number that indicates the position of something in a sequence, such as third, second, etc.
arithmeticnouna branch of mathematics that deals with addition, subtraction, multiplication, etc.
axisnounthe central point or line around which an object turns
congruentadjective(in geometry) describing shapes of the same size and form
decimalnoun(mathematics) a number less than one, called a fraction, that is represented as a period followed by the number of tenths, hundredths, etc.
matrixnouna rectangular array of numbers or symbols organized in rows and columns, commonly used in linear algebra for representing equations, transformations, and vector operations
radiusnounthe length of a straight line drawn from the center of a circle to any point on its outer boundary
gradientnounthe rate at which a quantity or dimension changes over a given distance or interval
circumferencenoun(geometry) the length of the external boundary of a curved shape, especially a circle
meannoun(mathematics) the average value of a set of quantities calculated by adding them, and dividing them by the total number of the quantities
cranknouna device that allows movement between mechanical parts of a machine or converts backward and forward motion into circular movement
cardinalnoun(mathematics) the number of elements or members in a set, representing its size or quantity
cubeverbto multiply a value or number by itself two times
powernoun(mathematics) the exponent in an expression, indicating how many times a base is multiplied by itself
spectrumnounthe range of different wavelengths or frequencies of light or radiation
A Drop in the Ocean39 words
archipelagonouna large collection of islands or the sea surrounding them
swampnounan area of land that is covered with water or is always very wet
precipicenouna steep cliff or edge of a rock face, often with a significant drop
peninsulanouna large body of land that is partially surrounded by water but is attached to a larger area of land
brooknouna small, natural watercourse or stream; typically characterized by a gentle and continuous flow
equatorialadjectiverelating to or located at or near the geographic equator, the imaginary line dividing the Earth into the Northern and Southern Hemispheres
moorlandnounan open and high land covered with grass, bushes and heather
terrainnounan area of land, particularly in reference to its physical or natural features
wharfnouna structure built along the water's edge; often with a platform for ships to load and unload goods
valenouna low-lying piece of land between hills or mountains, often with a river flowing through it
aridadjective(of land or a climate) very dry because of not having enough or any rain
foliagenouna plant or tree's branches and leaves collectively
fungusnouna plant-like organism that often grows on organic matter and has no flowers or leaves, such as moulds and mushrooms
pollinateverbto deposit pollen on a plant or flower so that it can produce new seeds or fruit
saplingnouna small and young tree
sproutverb(of a seed or plant) to begin growing
biodegradableadjective(of an object) able to be broken down by living organisms such as bacteria, which is then safe for the environment
contaminateverbto make a place, substance, etc. dirty or harmful by adding dangerous material
ecologicaladjectiverelated to the connection between animals, plants, and humans and their environment
effluentnounliquid waste or sewage discharged into rivers, lakes, or the sea
zero-emissionadjective(of a vehicle) not producing gases harmful to the environment
low-impactadjectivein relation to activities that minimize disruption to ecosystems; emphasizing sustainability and reduced ecological footprint
flurrynouna small amount of rain, snow, etc. that moves in a quick and stormy way and lasts only for a short period of time
galenouna very powerful wind
horizonnounthe line where the sky and earth seem to come in contact with each other
monsoonnouna period in the summer during which wind blows and rain falls in India or other hot South Asian countries
thawnouna period during which the weather becomes warmer causing snow and ice to melt
arableadjectivehaving the capacity to be used to grow crops
reservoirnouna lake, either natural or artificial, from which water is supplied to houses
pinnaclenounthe highest point or summit of a mountain
depositnouna layer of matter that has been accumulated, particularly by a body of water
glacialadjectiverelating to a large mass of compressed ice like those near the poles or on mountains
cascadenouna small steep waterfall, usually one of several others
leveenouna natural or man-made structure built along a river or waterway to prevent flooding by confining the water within its boundaries
canopynounthe upper layer of trees in a forest that creates a dense cover with interlocking leaves; offering shade and shelter in the ecosystem
floranouncommunities of plant life native to a specific area or period
perennialadjective(of plants) lasting for several years, often returning and flowering repeatedly during its life cycle
shootnouna new growth on a tree or plant or the part of a plant that starts to appear above the ground because it is growing
cultivationnounthe practice of preparing and using land for growing crops, especially on a large scale
The Space-time Continuum40 words
perpetualadjectivecontinuing forever or indefinitely into the future
spasmodicadjectiveoccurring in sudden, brief manner, without a regular order or time
solsticenouneither of the two times of the year when the sun reaches its farthest or closest distance from the equator
bicentenarynounthe specific day that an event turns 200 years old
centenarynounthe day that an event becomes 100 years old
equinoxnouneither of the two moments in a year when the Sun, in its apparent motion along the ecliptic, crosses the celestial equator, resulting in approximately equal periods of daylight and darkness worldwide
elapseverb(of time) to pass by
Greenwich Mean Timenounthe time as measured at Greenwich, London, on the line of 0° longitude, used to calculate the time across the globe
eventualadjectivehappening at the end of a process or a particular period of time
in due (course|time)adverbat the appropriate or expected time, without rushing or delay
twilightnounthe time in the evening when the sun is below the horizon
stratosphericadjectivethe second layer of earth's atmosphere composed of cool and warm layers of air
space-timenounthe theory that adds the notion of time to that of a three-dimensional space
orbitaladjectiverelating to the path or motion of an object as it revolves around another object in space
Nebulanouna glowing cloud of gas and dust in outer space, often the result of a star explosion or formation
umbranounthe part of a shadow that is completely dark; caused by acute light blockage
meteoroidnouna small celestial body that becomes visible as a meteor upon entrance into the atmosphere of the earth
meteoritenouna piece of rock or metal from space that has hit the surface of the earth
meteornouna piece of rock coming from outer space that passes through the Earth's atmosphere, producing light
magnetic stormnouna disruption in earth's magnetic field caused by solar activity, resulting in variations that can impact electronic systems and communications on earth
intergalacticadjectiveexisting or occurring between galaxies
interplanetaryadjectiveexisting or occurring between planets
interstellaradjectivesituated or occurring between stars or within the space that exists between stars
hyperspacenoun(specialist) space that consists of more than three dimensions
extraterrestrialadjectiverelating to or originating from outside the Earth or its atmosphere
exoplanetnouna planet that is outside the solar system
dark matternoun(physics) an invisible substance that makes up most of the universe's mass, detectable only through its gravitational effects
cosmic dustnounvery small particles originally derived from stars, serving as raw material for forming planets, and existing between galaxies, stars, and other celestial bodies
cometnounan object in space that is a mass of ice and dust and when it nears the sun it starts illuminating in the shape of a tail
aurora australisnounthe colored lights, mainly green and red, in the sky seen primarily near the southern magnetic pole
aurora borealisnounthe colored lights, mainly green and red, in the sky seen primarily near the northern magnetic pole
biospherenouna part of planet where the air, land, and water are suitable for all the living things to exist on
diurnaladjectivehaving a cycle that happens on a daily basis
epochnouna subdivision of a geologic period, characterized by distinctive and globally recognizable rock layers, fossils, and significant changes in Earth's climate and biota
millennialadjectiverelating to a time span of a thousand years
waneverb(of the moon) to gradually decrease in its visible illuminated surface as it progresses from full to new moon
waxverb(of the moon) to progressively display a larger illuminated section until it turns into a full moon
coronanounthe outer layer of the Sun's atmosphere, observable as a plasma halo during a solar eclipse
constellationnouna specific group of stars that form a pattern and have a name related to their shape
eonnounan endless or lengthy period of time
Money Doesn't Grow on Trees!37 words
auditnouna formal inspection of a business's financial records to see if they are correct and accurate or not
bankruptcynouna situation in which a person or business is unable to pay due debts
undercutverbto demand a lower price than one's rivals
treasurynounthe funds and resources that a country or organization controls
tax evasionnounthe illegal acts done to pay less tax than what is owed or to avoid paying taxes altogether
taxationnounthe system by which a government collects money from citizens and businesses to fund public services
tariffnouna tax paid on goods imported or exported
subsidynounan amount of money that a government or organization pays to lower the costs of producing goods or providing services so that prices do not increase
stagflationnounan economic situation with persistent high inflation and a high unemployment rate
contingencynounthe funds that are set aside for unforeseen expenses that may arise in the future
cryptocurrencynouna digital or virtual form of currency secured by cryptography
fiscaladjectiverelating to government revenue or public money, especially taxes
fluctuationnounthe irregular or unpredictable variation in something over time, characterized by alternating changes
liquiditynounfinancial assets in the form of money or able to be easily converted into money
monetarismnounthe theory or policy of controlling the amount of money in circulation as the preferred method of stabilizing the economy
overdraftnouna deficit in a bank account caused by withdrawing more money than is available
commoditynoun(economics) an unprocessed material that can be traded in different exchanges or marketplaces
conglomeratenouna corporation formed by merging different firms or businesses
proprietornounthe owner of a property or business
subsidiarynouna business company controlled or owned by a holding or parent company
venturenouna business activity that is mostly very risky
artisannouna skilled craftsperson who creates objects partly or entirely by hand
labor-intensiveadjectiverelated to a line of work that requires large groups of workers to be able to function
menialadjective(of work) not requiring special skills, often considered unimportant and poorly paid
painstakingadjectiverequiring a lot of effort and time
sabbaticalnouna paid leave from work, often taken every seven years, for study or personal growth
hecticadjectiveextremely busy and chaotic
bankrollnounthe total amount of money a person or business has for spending or investing
vouchernouna digital code or a printed piece of paper that can be used instead of money when making a purchase or used to receive a discount
collateralnouna loan guarantee that may be taken away if the loan is not repaid
depressionnouna time of little economic activity and high unemployment, which lasts for a long time
equitynounthe value of an asset after deducting all claims, debts, or liens against it
face valuenounthe obvious meaning or worth of something, without looking deeper
incentivenouna payment or concession to encourage someone to do something specific
quoteverbto estimate how much money something will cost
dividendnounan amount of money paid regularly to the shareholders of a company
minutenouna written record summarizing the proceedings and decisions made
Learn all 1365 words in this list with spaced repetition