Unit 7 - Part 1 · Interchange Upper Intermediate Vocabulary List

to break down into simpler parts or substances

"Leaves decompose into rich soil over time."

"The fallen leaves will decompose over the winter and turn into rich compost that fertilizes the soil for spring planting."

to get rid of what is not needed or wanted anymore

"He throws away the empty bottles."

"Do not throw away that old chair because I can repair it and make it look like new again."

to eventually reach or find oneself in a particular place, situation, or condition, often unexpectedly or as a result of circumstances

"They end up lost."

"If you keep taking wrong turns, you will inevitably end up in the wrong part of town."

a group of elected people who govern a city, town, etc.

"The council voted on the issue."

"The council met to discuss local transport and public services."

made impure or polluted by harmful substances, bacteria, or viruses

"The water is contaminated."

"The contaminated water supply caused hundreds of residents to become sick with a dangerous bacterial infection."

the absence or insufficiency of something, often implying a deficiency or shortage

"There is a lack of water."

"The severe lack of funding meant that the research project could not be completed as planned."

the act of keeping something in good condition or proper working condition

"The building requires regular maintenance."

"Regular maintenance of the vehicle prevented breakdowns and extended its operational life significantly."

as a result of a specific cause or reason

"The game was canceled due to rain."

"Due to the bad weather the flight was delayed for over three hours at the airport."

used to indicate the outcome of a preceding action or situation

"As a result, he won."

"The company invested heavily in new technology; as a result, their productivity significantly increased."

used to introduce the reason of something happening

"He was late because of traffic."

"Because of his illness he was unable to attend the meeting and had to stay home."

regarding or affecting the entire world

"This is a global problem."

"The global pandemic affected every country in the world and changed the way people live and work."

a situation where there is not enough food that causes hunger and death

"Famine causes many deaths yearly."

"A man-made famine is a catastrophic food crisis caused directly by political decisions"

the increase in the average temperature of the Earth as a result of the greenhouse effect

"Global warming is bad."

"Scientists are concerned about the accelerating effects of global warming on polar ice caps."

an illness that can be transmitted from one person, animal, or object to another, and can spread quickly through a community

"Measles is an infectious disease."

"Measles is an infectious disease and spreads easily through coughing and sneezing."

a crime that is intentionally directed toward a person or thing to hurt, intimidate, or kill them

"Violence is harmful."

"Violence can leave people injured and frightened."

related to or involving the governance of a country or territory

"The debate is political."

"The political debate on television lasted for two hours and was very heated and intense."

a political situation in which there is anger among the people and protests are likely

"Social unrest led to protests in the capital."

"Social unrest grew after the controversial government decision was announced last month."

the condition of lacking enough money or income to afford basic needs like food, clothing, etc.

"Poverty is widespread."

"The poverty rate in the region decreased significantly after the government introduced new social programs and job training initiatives."

a hard time in a country's economy characterized by a reduction in employment, production, and trade

"The country slipped into a recession after two quarters of negative growth."

"Many people lost their jobs during the recession last year."

a building or set of buildings in which products are made, particularly using machines

"Cars are made in factory."

"The new factory will produce thousands of electric cars each year using advanced automated machinery."

the process or act of organizing or managing a group of people or an organization

"Management is essential."

"Good management helps a team work efficiently and stay organized."

actions or information that are meant to gain the support or attention of the public

"Bad publicity damaged company."

"The company received a lot of bad publicity after the scandal became public knowledge."

to use something without care or more than needed

"Do not waste your time and energy."

"Do not waste your time worrying about things that you cannot change because it will not help."

to cause or give rise to something

"Generate more power."

"The new technology is designed to generate clean energy from renewable sources."

calculated by adding a set of numbers together and dividing this amount by the total number of amounts in that set

"This is the average."

"The average score on the exam was quite high, indicating good preparation."

to make something using raw materials or different components

"The factory produces car parts."

"The factory produces thousands of car parts every day which are then shipped to assembly plants around the country."

a light substance produced in a chemical process that can be formed into different shapes when heated

"This is plastic."

"The reusable water bottle was made of durable plastic, designed to withstand daily use and reduce single-use waste."

a glass or plastic container that has a narrow neck and is used for storing drinks or other liquids

"There is water in the bottle."

"The message in the bottle had floated across the ocean for years before a young girl finally found it washed up on the sandy beach near her home."

to provide something needed or wanted

"We supply food."

"The factory will supply the necessary components for the new product."

to give food to a person or an animal

"She feeds the hungry cat please."

"The zookeeper was responsible to feed the hungry lions twice a day with fresh meat and vitamin supplements for their health."

to show which candidate one wants to win in an election or which plan one supports, by marking a piece of paper, raising one's hand, etc.

"Citizens vote for their leaders."

"Citizens over the age of eighteen have the right to vote in national elections and choose their political representatives."

consisting of poisonous substances

"The smoke is toxic."

"The toxic fumes from the factory made the workers wear masks to protect their lungs."

concerning or used in the scientific field of chemistry

"It is a chemical."

"The scientist observed a fascinating chemical reaction occurring in the laboratory beaker."

to make someone leave their home by force, particularly because of an unpleasant event

"The flood displaced thousands of families."

"The construction of the new dam will displace thousands of families who have lived in the valley for generations."

the act of giving money to be able to use something like an apartment, house, car, or special equipment that is owned by another person

"Pay the rental."

"The monthly rental for the apartment includes utilities and basic maintenance services."

used to indicate movement into one side and out of the opposite side of something

"The train passed through the tunnel."

"We walked through the forest and saw many birds and small animals along the way."

the state of being without a job

"Unemployment is rising."

"Long term unemployment can have devastating effects on mental health leading to depression anxiety and a loss of self worth that persists even after finding work."

the group of politicians in control of a country or state

"The government made a new rule."

"The government announced new policies aimed at reducing unemployment including tax breaks for small businesses that hire local workers."

illegal and dishonest behavior of someone, particularly one who is in a position of power

"Corruption hurts society."

"The politician was arrested for corruption after accepting bribes from a construction company."

to be in motion on a body of water or current of air at a slow pace

"The boat will float."

"The balloons will float gently upwards into the clear blue sky."

to make gas or liquid move in a certain direction using a mechanical action

"He pumps air into the flat tire."

"The heart pumps blood through the arteries to deliver oxygen and nutrients to all parts of the body."

to intentionally pay no or little attention to someone or something

"Ignore the negative comments online."

"It is sometimes better to ignore rude comments rather than responding and escalating the situation further."

a country's rules that all of its citizens are required to obey

"Everyone must follow law."

"The new law was passed by parliament to protect the environment and reduce pollution in major cities."

a person in a high-ranking position who is responsible for making important decisions in a company or organization

"The executive has a corner office."

"The executive has a corner office and his window overlooks the city skyline."

to not move anymore

"The car will stop."

"Please stop the vehicle immediately if you observe any unusual warning lights."

a scheduled journey by an aircraft

"The flight is delayed."

"We booked our flight tickets for the summer vacation well in advance."