Unit 5 · New Headway Advanced Vocabulary List

the state of legally belonging to a country

"His nationality is Canadian."

"His nationality is Canadian and he carries a Canadian passport when traveling abroad."

a widely held but fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person or thing

"The movie is criticized for its use of a tired racial stereotype."

"A stereotype threat is a situational predicament where a person is anxious about confirming a negative stereotype about their own social group."

the island containing England, Scotland, and Wales

"Britain left the European Union in 2020."

"Britain left the European Union in two thousand twenty and the transition period ended later that year."

any of the Celtic languages spoken in Ireland, Scotland, or the Isle of Man

"The Gaelic language is spoken in parts of Scotland."

"The Gaelic language is spoken in parts of Scotland and Ireland and has its own unique alphabet."

a European country in the northern United Kingdom

"Scotland is known for its lochs and bagpipes."

"Scotland is known for its lochs and bagpipes and its capital city is Edinburgh."

someone who is from Scotland

"He is a Scot."

"The proud Scot shared stories of his homeland and its rich cultural heritage with the visitors."

a Celtic language spoken in Scotland, primarily in the Scottish Highlands

"Scottish Gaelic is related to Irish."

"Scottish Gaelic is related to Irish and is spoken by about sixty thousand people in Scotland."

a country in Western Central Europe, south of Germany

"Switzerland is famous for its chocolate and watches."

"Switzerland is famous for its high quality chocolate cheese and watches but its natural landscapes are equally impressive and worth visiting."

one of the four official languages of Switzerland, along with German, French, and Italian

"Romansh is a minority language in Switzerland."

"Romansh was a minority language spoken only in the southeastern part of Switzerland."

a country in the North Western Europe, informally known as Holland

"The Netherlands has many canals."

"We visited the Netherlands and rode bicycles through the streets while admiring the canals"

an individual who is from the Netherlands or of Dutch nationality or descent

"The Dutchman cycles to work every day."

"The Dutchman was proud of his country's long history of reclaiming land from the sea."

a country in Western Europe bordered by Germany, France, and Luxembourg

"Belgium is famous for its chocolate and waffles."

"Belgium is famous for its chocolate and waffles and its capital Brussels is the headquarters of the European Union."

referring to something or someone from or related to Belgium

"Belgian waffles are good."

"The aroma of freshly baked Belgian waffles filled the air, promising a delightful and sweet breakfast experience."

a country in Northern Europe and Eastern Scandinavia

"Sweden is known for design."

"Sweden offers free university education to students from European Union countries which attracts many young people who want to avoid tuition fees."

a country in Northern Europe in the Scandinavia

"Denmark is known for its design and architecture."

"Denmark was a Nordic country that consistently ranked among the happiest nations in the world."

someone from Denmark or of Danish descent

"The Dane enjoys a pastry with coffee."

"The Dane explained how the concept of hygge created cozy social gatherings during long winters."

a country in the Central Europe near the Baltic Sea

"Poland joined the European Union in two thousand four."

"Poland is a country in Central Europe known for its rich history beautiful cities and hearty cuisine."

a country in Northern Europe bordered by Norway, Sweden, and Russia

"Finland has a high quality of life."

"Finland was famous for its education system which emphasized play based learning in early years."

a person from Finland or of Finnish descent

"The Finn loves to go to the sauna."

"The Finn enjoyed a traditional sauna followed by a dip in the icy lake."

an island country in the North Atlantic, known for its dramatic volcanic landscapes, glaciers, and geothermal activity

"Iceland is known for its geothermal hot springs."

"Iceland generated nearly all its electricity from geothermal and hydroelectric renewable sources."

a person from Iceland, a Nordic island country in the North Atlantic Ocean

"The Icelander speaks Icelandic a North Germanic language."

"The Icelander recited a medieval Viking saga that had been passed down through oral tradition."

referring to something or someone from or related to Iceland

"The language is Icelandic."

"The Icelandic volcano erupted and caused flights to be canceled all across Europe for several weeks."

a country in southwest Europe

"Spain is warm in summer."

"They spent their holiday in Spain."

someone who is from Turkey or their family came from Turkey

"The Turk enjoys a cup of strong black tea."

"The Turk enjoys a cup of strong black tea and drinks it several times throughout the day."

a sovereign island country located in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, known for its stunning landscapes and diverse Maori and European cultures

"New Zealand is famous for its stunning mountains and lakes."

"New Zealand was the first country to grant women the right to vote in national elections."

referring to something or someone that is of or related to New Zealand

"This is a New Zealander accent."

"The unique flora and fauna are characteristic of the New Zealander landscape."

an eastern Polynesian language spoken by the Maori people of New Zealand

"The Maori people have a rich cultural heritage."

"The Maori language became an official language of New Zealand alongside English in nineteen eighty seven."

a country in Central Asia between Iran and Pakistan

"Afghanistan has a long history."

"The geography of Afghanistan includes rugged mountains and arid deserts which have made transportation and infrastructure development extremely challenging for the government."

a person from Afghanistan or of Afghan descent

"The Afghanistani refugee seeks asylum."

"The Afghanistani refugee family was resettled in Germany after fleeing conflict in their homeland."

one of the Afghanistan's official languages, which is also the second most-used language in Pakistan

"Pashto is spoken here."

"Pashto is an Eastern Iranian language spoken primarily in Afghanistan and Pakistan with approximately fifty million native speakers worldwide."

a dialect of the Persian language that is primarily spoken in Afghanistan

"Dari is one of the official languages of Afghanistan."

"Dari was one of the two official languages of Afghanistan along with Pashto."

a country that is in the southern part of South America

"Argentina is famous for its beef and tango."

"Argentina is famous for its beef and tango and has won the FIFA World Cup multiple times."

relating to Argentina or its people

"Argentine tango is famous."

"The vibrant energy of the Argentine tango captivated the audience with its passionate rhythms and dramatic flair."

a country in western South America

"Peru is famous for the ancient Incan city of Machu Picchu."

"Peru was home to the ancient Inca citadel of Machu Picchu high in the Andes mountains."

referring to anything or anyone that is related to or originates from Peru

"The food is Peruvian."

"The Peruvian dish ceviche is made with raw fish marinated in citrus juice and served with corn and sweet potatoes."

a language spoken by the Aymara people, primarily in the Andes region of South America, particularly in Bolivia, Peru, and Chile

"The Aymara language is spoken in the Andes."

"Aymara was an indigenous language spoken by communities around Lake Titicaca in Bolivia and Peru."

a family of indigenous languages spoken primarily in the Andes region of South America, especially in Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia, and Colombia, and the language of the ancient Inca Empire

"Quechua was the language of the Inca Empire."

"Quechua was the language of the Inca Empire and was still spoken by millions today."

to precisely locate or identify something or someone

"We need to pinpoint the exact location."

"The mechanic managed to pinpoint the exact source of the strange noise coming from the engine after inspecting the car for an hour."

to reject or disown something previously accepted or claimed, often in a formal or public manner

"He renounced his citizenship."

"The prince decided to renounce his claim to the throne so that he could marry the woman he truly loved."

a person's family and relatives

"All my kin came to the reunion."

"She visited her close kin during the important family gathering last month."

a sudden, intense, and pleasurable feeling of excitement, shiver, fear, or thrill, often accompanied by a tingling sensation on the skin

"The eerie music sent a frisson down her spine."

"A pleasant frisson ran down her spine when she heard the beautiful music."

a familiar place or location, particularly one where someone often goes to or spends time in

"This is my ground."

"The old bookstore, with its cozy atmosphere and endless shelves, has always been my favorite stamping ground for literary adventures."

in a way that has no errors or mistakes

"He accurately guessed the number."

"He accurately guessed the number even though it was completely random and no one thought he would get it right."

in a tough, solid, and durable way

"The economy grew robustly."

"The economy grew robustly during the third quarter and the unemployment rate fell to its lowest level in ten years."

worn out or tired, especially after excessive work or activity

"He felt jaded."

"After years of working grueling shifts, the paramedic felt jaded and emotionally drained by the constant emergencies."

gradually and subtly intruding upon or taking over something else, often to the point of causing harm or damage

"The sea is encroaching."

"The encroaching desert sands threatened to swallow the small village, forcing the inhabitants to consider relocation."

a person from the United Kingdom

"He is british."

"The british gentleman politely offered her his seat on the crowded train."

a person who is of British nationality, descent, or origin

"He is a proud Briton."

"The ancient Briton tribes were known for their fierce resistance against Roman invasion."

someone from Britain, typically of British nationality or origin

"She is a friendly Brit."

"As a proud Brit, he always enjoys a cup of tea with his biscuits."

the most common language in the world, originating in England but also the official language of America, Canada, Australia, etc.

"I study english."

"Mastering english is crucial for international business and academic pursuits."

a person from Wales or someone of Welsh descent

"He is Welsh."

"The young Welshman proudly sang the national anthem with deep emotion."

belonging or relating to Scotland, its people, or the Gaelic language

"He wore a Scottish kilt."

"The festival featured traditional Scottish Highland dancing and bagpipe music."

a variety of English language spoken in Scotland

"I like Scottish."

"The distinctive Scottish accent can be heard clearly in the highlands."

a person from Switzerland or an inhabitant of Switzerland

"They are Swiss."

"The efficient Swiss banking system is renowned worldwide for its security and discretion."

the main language of France that is also spoken in parts of other countries such as Canada, Switzerland, Belgium, etc.

"He learned french."

"The intricate nuances of french literature require a deep understanding of the language."

the main language in Germany, Austria and parts of Switzerland

"They speak german."

"The technical manual was written in clear and precise german for the engineering team."

the main language in the Netherlands

"He speaks dutch."

"She decided to learn dutch to better understand the country's rich history and culture."

a person from the Netherlands or of Dutch descent

"He is Dutch."

"The Dutch tulip fields are a breathtaking spectacle of vibrant colors in the spring."

belonging or relating to the Netherlands, its people, and language

"He speaks dutch."

"She ordered a delicious pastry from a baker who spoke fluent dutch."

belonging or relating to Sweden, its people, and language

"She likes Swedish meatballs."

"The minimalist design aesthetic is often associated with modern Swedish furniture."

someone who is from Sweden or of Swedish origin

"She is a Swede."

"The talented Swede designed an innovative piece of furniture that became very popular."

a North Germanic language spoken primarily in Sweden

"He speaks Swedish."

"Learning Swedish requires understanding its unique grammatical structures and pronunciation."

the official language of Denmark, spoken by the majority of the population

"She speaks Danish fluently."

"Learning Danish can be challenging but rewarding for those interested in Scandinavian culture."

belonging or relating to Denmark, its people, and language

"It's a Danish pastry."

"The elegant Danish design aesthetic emphasizes simplicity, functionality, and natural materials."

Poland's official language

"She speaks Polish."

"His fluency in Polish allowed him to communicate effectively with his grandparents during their visit."

someone who is from Poland or their family came from Poland

"He is a pole man."

"The pole scientist made a significant breakthrough in the field of theoretical physics."

referring to something that is related to Poland, its people, language, culture, or products

"She speaks polish fluently."

"She enjoyed the rich flavors of the traditional Polish pierogi, a dish she had never tried before."

one of Finland's official languages

"He speaks Finnish."

"She decided to study Finnish to better understand the unique linguistic heritage of her ancestors."

referring to something or someone related to Finland

"This is Finnish."

"The Finnish sauna culture is deeply ingrained and considered an essential part of their identity."

the main language of Spain and many Southern or Central American countries

"She speaks spanish."

"Many people in the Americas speak spanish due to its widespread historical influence."

relating to Spain or its people or language

"They are Spanish dancers."

"His Spanish accent was quite pronounced, even after living abroad for many years."

a country that is mainly in Western Asia with a small part in Southeast Europe

"We visited Turkey last year."

"Istanbul, a city straddling two continents, offers a rich tapestry of history and culture in Turkey."

relating to the country, people, culture, or language of Turkey

"I like turkish food."

"The museum displayed a fascinating collection of ancient turkish pottery and textiles."

the main language of Turkey

"She speaks turkish."

"To truly connect with the people, learning turkish is highly recommended when visiting the country."

someone who is a native or citizen of Afghanistan

"He is an Afghan."

"The resilient Afghan people have endured decades of conflict and hardship with remarkable strength."

relating to the country, people, culture, or language of Argentina

"The food is argentinian."

"The delicious aroma of grilled meat wafted from the asado, a classic argentinian barbecue tradition."

to continuously expose someone to something, such as information, questions, or criticisms

"They bombard the target."

"The relentless questions from the press continued to bombard the politician."

to undertake a risky or daring journey or course of action

"They venture out."

"The explorers decided to venture into the uncharted territory despite the dangers."

to follow, watch, or pursue someone persistently and often secretly, causing them fear or discomfort

"He began to stalk her."

"The police warned the individual to cease any attempts to stalk the victim, as it was causing significant distress."

a contractual agreement that grants a company or individual the right to operate a subsidiary business, such as a store or a kiosk, within the premises of another business or organization

"They got a concession."

"The company secured a lucrative concession to mine rare earth minerals in the remote region."

a strategic action or remark that is used to gain an advantage, particularly in the early stages of a situation, game, conversation, etc.

"His opening gambit was to offer a discount."

"His opening gambit in the negotiation was to ask for twice what he actually expected to receive."

the height of a person or animal when standing upright

"The leader was a man of great stature."

"His tall stature made him stand out in any crowd of people."

much smaller than what is normal

"The doll was diminutive."

"The diminutive teacup was perfect for her small hands and delicate fingers."