Anatomy of Human Body: English Vocabulary List

the upper part of the human body, excluding the arms and the head

"Torso was injured."

"The boxer's torso was covered in bruises after enduring twelve punishing rounds in the ring."

(anatomy) any of the bony segments and cartilages of the spinal column

"The injury damaged a vertebra in his spine."

"The doctor said he had a broken vertebra after the serious car accident last month."

any blood vessel, carrying the blood to different organs of body from the heart

"The artery carries blood."

"The blocked artery prevented blood from reaching the man's heart causing him to have a serious heart attack."

the inner part of the spine containing a mass of nerves that connects the brain to almost all the body parts

"Spinal cord injury."

"Spinal cord injury can cause serious problems with movement and feeling in the body."

(anatomy) the bony structure in the chest formed by the ribs which protects organs in the thoracic cavity

"The punch hurt his ribcage."

"The strong ribcage protects the heart and lungs from injury."

(anatomy) the bone structure that surrounds and protects the brain

"The cranium protects the brain."

"The hard cranium protects the brain from injury during accidents."

(anatomy) the outer layer of the anterior part of the brain, called cerebrum, containing gray matter

"The brain's cortex is complex."

"The cortex handles higher brain functions."

the part in someone's face that is below the hair and above the eyes

"She wiped the sweat from her brow."

"He has a high brow that gives him an intelligent appearance according to many people."

the part of the body of a woman or female mammal where the baby develops before birth

"Baby grew in womb."

"The baby developed safely in the mother's womb for nine months before being born healthy."

(anatomy) the organ in the female body where the fetus is conceived and grown before being born

"Uterus in female body."

"The uterus is the organ where a baby grows during pregnancy in women."

the large muscle at the front of the upper part of the arm, which flexes the forearm

"His biceps are huge."

"After months of dedicated training, the bodybuilder proudly displayed his well-developed biceps to the admiring crowd at the competition."

the part under the shoulder that is hollow

"His armpit hurts."

"He lifted his arm and felt a sting in his armpit."

a thin piece of skin in the middle ear that vibrates by sound waves and enables one to hear sounds, also known as tympanic membrane

"The eardrum vibrates."

"A perforated eardrum can affect hearing."

(anatomy) the passage in the throat that connects the mouth to the gullet

"The pharynx connects the nose and mouth to the esophagus."

"The pharynx is the part of the throat that connects the mouth and nose to the esophagus."

(anatomy) the membranous tube in the body that carries air from the throat to the bronchi

"The trachea carries air."

"The trachea is also called the windpipe."

the liquid produced in the mouth to make chewing and swallowing easier and to prepare food for digestion

"Saliva helps digestion."

"The smell of food caused his mouth to fill with saliva as his digestive system prepared for eating."

the thick mucus that is formed in the nasal and throat cavities, usually secreted in excessive amounts as a result of common cold

"He coughed up phlegm."

"Too much phlegm can indicate a respiratory infection."

(anatomy) the act or process of breathing

"Respiration provides oxygen."

"Respiration is the process of breathing and producing energy."

(anatomy) the sensory membrane at the back of the eye that transmits light signals to the brain through optic nerves

"The retina detects light in the eye."

"The retina is the light sensitive layer at the back of the eye that converts light into electrical signals which are then sent to the brain through the optic nerve to create visual images."

(anatomy) the transparent layer that covers the outside of the eyeball

"The cornea is transparent."

"The cornea helps focus light into the eye."

relating to the kidneys or their function

"He has renal issues."

"The patient's blood tests indicated a significant decline in renal function, requiring immediate medical intervention and specialized care."

a large gland in the body that produces insulin and glucagon and substances that help the body digest food

"The pancreas produces insulin."

"The pancreas is both an endocrine and digestive organ."

(anatomy) an abdominal organ that controls the quality of the blood cells

"The spleen filters blood."

"The spleen helps fight certain infections."

(anatomy) the large round bone structure that the limbs and the spine are joined to, which also protects the abdominal organs

"The pelvis supports the body."

"The pelvis protects internal reproductive organs."

a sac-like organ inside the body where urine is stored before being passed

"The bladder is full."

"She needed to use the bathroom because her bladder was full."

(usually plural) the tube in the body through which digested food passes from the stomach to the anus

"Bowel movement important."

"Good bowel movement is important for healthy digestion and overall wellbeing every day."

the soft substance that fills the cavities of bones, which is either yellowish and consists of fat cells or reddish and makes blood cells

"Bone marrow produces blood cells."

"Bone marrow is found inside certain bones."

(anatomy) an elastic cord or band that connects a muscle to a bone

"He tore a tendon playing football."

"He tore a tendon in his knee while playing basketball and needed surgery to repair the damage."

an elastic tissue that supports or connects joints in an infant and turns into skeleton during growth

"The shark's skeleton is made of cartilage."

"The nose cartilage gives shape and support to the nose structure."

a blood protein produced to fight diseases or infections, or in response to foreign substances in the body

"An antibody helps fight infections."

"When a virus enters the body, the immune system produces a specific antibody to recognize and neutralize the threat."

an organ in the body that produces certain chemical substances to be used in the body or to be discharged into the surroundings

"The gland produces hormones for the body."

"The sweat gland produces perspiration that cools the body when it becomes too hot."

a greenish-brown alkaline fluid that is produced by the liver in order to help the body digest fats

"Bile helps digestion."

"The liver produces bile to break down fats."

the branch of science that is concerned with the physical structure of humans, animals, or plants

"Study the anatomy."

"Medical students meticulously learn the complex anatomy of the human body."

a group of cells in the body of living things, forming their different parts

"Muscle tissue helps movement."

"Nerve tissue transmits electrical signals throughout the body, enabling communication."

the front part of the leg that is between the foot and the knee

"He hit his shin."

"The shin is the front part of the lower leg."

the hard white external layer that covers the crown of a tooth

"Tooth enamel is hard."

"Enamel protects the teeth from decay."

(anatomy) the small round black area in the center of the eye, through which light enters

"The pupil is black."

"When exposed to bright light, the pupil of the eye constricts significantly."

the lower part of the body below the chest that contains the digestive and reproductive organs

"The abdomen hurts."

"The pain in his lower abdomen was so severe that he went to the emergency room to make sure his appendix was not inflamed."

(anatomy) the muscular body partition that separates the chest and abdomen

"The diaphragm helps us breathe."

"The diaphragm is a large muscle below the lungs that contracts to pull air in and relaxes to push air out during breathing."

a sack of tissue that is attached to the large intestine and is surgically removed if infected

"My appendix hurts."

"Appendicitis, an inflammation of the appendix, is a common surgical emergency requiring prompt medical attention."